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|  | This [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/frameset_rg.asp?Dest=G1&Aid=&Gid=&Lid=&Sid=&Did=&Juris1=&Event=&Year=&Gloss=&Sub=&Tab=&Entry=&Guide=WLNorway.ASP Norwegian Word List] contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.) 
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|  |  | | link1=[[Genealogical Word Lists|Genealogical Word Lists]] | 
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|  |  | | link5=[[Norwegian Genealogical Word List|Norwegian Genealogical Word List]] | 
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|  | Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official dialects in Norway. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the [[Denmark Language and Languages|Danish Genealogical Word List]]. |  | {| style="float:left; margin-right: 15px; width:240px;"  | 
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|  |  | This Norwegian Word List contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See "Additional Resources" below.)  | 
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|  |  | Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official languages in Norway with numerous dialects. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the [[Danish Word List|Danish Genealogical Word List]].   | 
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|  | Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.   |  | Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.   | 
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|  | === LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS  ===
 |  | Some regions in Norway spoke/wrote in a dialect. For words that are in dialect, see the [[Norwegian Dialect Word List|Dialect word list]]. | 
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|  | Variant Forms of Words   |  | == Language Characteristics  == | 
|  |  | '''Variant Forms of Words'''  | 
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|  | In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:   |  | In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:   | 
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|  | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" |  | {| width="25%" class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | Mann   |  | | Mann   | 
|  | | man   |  | | man   | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  | | Kone   |  | | Kone   | 
|  | | wife |  | | wife | 
| Line 20: | Line 36: | 
|  | | Mannen   |  | | Mannen   | 
|  | | the man   |  | | the man   | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  | | Kona   |  | | Kona   | 
|  | | the wife |  | | the wife | 
| Line 25: | Line 42: | 
|  | | Menn   |  | | Menn   | 
|  | | men   |  | | men   | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  | | Koner   |  | | Koner   | 
|  | | wives |  | | wives | 
| Line 30: | Line 48: | 
|  | | Mennene   |  | | Mennene   | 
|  | | the men   |  | | the men   | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  | | Konene   |  | | Konene   | 
|  | | the wives |  | | the wives | 
|  | |} |  | |} | 
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|  | === <br>Alphabetical Order  === |  | === Online Dictionaries === | 
|  |  | Otto Kalkar, [http://www.hist.uib.no/kalkar/ Ordbog til det ældre danske sprog (1300-1700)] - old Danish dictionary at Historisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen | 
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|  | Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet:Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å).In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet.Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order: 
 |  | Universitetet i Bergen og Språkrådet: [https://ordbok.uib.no/ Ordbøkene.no] Bokmålsordboka & Nynorskordboka | 
|  |  | == Currency == | 
|  |  | *[[Norway Currency|'''Currency in Norway''']] - more information | 
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|  | a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  æ  ø  å 
 |  | == Weights and Measures == | 
|  |  | See [[Norway Weights and Measurement]] for specific information about different units and how they were used. | 
|  |  | <td><tr><table> | 
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|  | ==== <u>A through C</u> ==== |  | == Alphabetical Order  == | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | <u>'''A'''</u> 
 |  | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | '''absolvere                           to give absolution <br>adel                                   nobility <br>adelig                                noble <br>adelsmann                         nobleman <br>adoptert                             adopted <br>adresse                              address <br>aften                                  evening <br>alder                                  age <br>alderdomssvakhet             weakness of old age <br>aldri                                   never <br>alle                                    all <br>alltid                                  always <br>almisse                              charity <br>almisselem                        indigent, poor <br>altergang                           communion <br>amt                                    county <br>amtmann                           chief county administrator <br>andre                                 others, other, next <br>anetavle                             pedigree chart <br>anfall                                  seizure, attack <br>anførte                                entered, mentioned <br>ankomst                              arrival <br>anmerkning                        remark, notice, note <br>annen, annet                      second, another <br>annen gang                        second time <br>anno (Latin)                        year <br>annonsere                          publish, announce <br>antall                                  number, count <br>april                                   April <br>arbeider                             laborer <br>arkiv                                   archive <br>arv                                      inheritance <br>arvelodd                             share of inheritance <br>arving                                 heir <br>astma                                 asthma <br>at                                        that <br>atten                                   eighteen <br>attende                               eighteenth <br>attest                                   certificate <br>august                                 August <br>av                                        of, at, by, from <br>avdeling                              part, division <br>avdød                                  deceased <br>avgangen                            departed <br>avgift                                   duty (monetary), fee <br>avkom                                 offspring, issue <br>avtale                                  agreement <br>'''  
 |  | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | '''B''' 
 |  | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | '''bakbygning                        back building (additional residence behind the main building) <br>baker                                 baker <br>bakke                                 hill <br>bannlyse                            excommunicate <br>baptist                                Baptist <br>bar                                     carried <br>bar barnet                          held child (at baptism font) <br>bare                                   only <br>barn                                   child <br>barna                                 children <br>barndom                            childhood <br>barnebarn                          grandchild <br>barnedåp                           child baptism <br>barnefar                             child’s father <br>barnløs                               childless <br>barsel                                 birth <br>barselfeber                         childbed fever <br>barselseng                          birthing bed <br>be                                       pray, request <br>beboer                                occupant, resident <br>bededag                             prayer day <br>bedrive hor                         commit adultery <br>befolkning                           population, people <br>begge                                  both <br>begivenhet                          event, occurrence <br>begravelse                          funeral, burial <br>begravet                              buried <br>behandle                            handle, treat, manage <br>bemerkning                        remark <br>ben                                     leg, bone <br>benekte                              deny <br>benåde                               pardon <br>beruset                               drunk <br>besetning                           livestock, crew <br>beskrivelse                         description <br>beslektet                             related <br>bestefar                              grandfather <br>besteforeldre                      grandparents <br>bestemor                            grandmother <br>besvangre                          impregnate, get with child, make pregnant <br>betale                                 pay <br>betler                                  beggar <br>bevilge                               grant <br>bevis                                   proof <br>bibliotek                             library <br>bind                                    volume (book) <br>biografi                               biography <br>biskop                                 bishop <br>bispedømme                       diocese <br>bli                                       become <br>blikkenslager                      tinsmith <br>blind                                   blind <br>blod                                    blood <br>blodgang                            dysentery''' 
 |  | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | '''blodskam                            incest <br>blodsott                               abnormal loss of blood during illness <br>bo                                        to live at <br>bodde                                  lived <br>bok                                      book <br>bokhandler                          bookseller <br>bokholder, bokfører             bookkeeper <br>bokstav                                letter, character <br>bolig                                    residence, house <br>bonde                                  farmer <br>bopel                                   residence, domicile <br>borger                                 citizen <br>borgermester                       mayor <br>borgerskap                          citizenship <br>bot                                       fine, penalty <br>brann                                   fire <br>brennevinsbrenner              distiller of spirits <br>brev                                     letter (correspondence) <br>bro                                       bridge <br>bror                                      brother <br>brordatter                             brother’s daughter <br>brorsønn                               brother’s son <br>brud                                      bride <br>brudgom                               bridegroom <br>bruk                                      farm, use <br>brygger                                 brewer <br>bryllup                                  wedding <br>budeie                                  milkmaid <br>buskap                                  livestock, crew <br>by                                         town, city <br>bygd                                     small country community, village <br>bygdebok                             rural chronicles <br>bygsel                                  lease <br>byll                                       abscess <br>byllepest                              plague (bubonic) <br>bære                                    carry <br>bøkker                                  cooper, barrel maker <br>både                                     both, either <br>båret                                     carried <br>båt                                        boat, ship <br>båtbygger                             shipbuilder <br>båtsmann                              boatswain, bosun ''' 
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|  |  | Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet: Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å). In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet. Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the FamilySearch Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order:  | 
|  | <br> |  | <br> | 
|  |  | (See also, [http://dinslekt.no/ordliste.php this link] for an additional word list) | 
|  | 
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|  | '''C''' 
 |  | ==== A ==== | 
|  | 
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|  | '''cirka                                      approximately <br>communion                           Communion<br>confirmerede                         confirmed <br>copulerede                            marriage ''' 
 |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | aabodsfri stand || good condition | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | aarlig || yearly | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | absolvere || to give absolution | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | adel || nobility | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | adelig || noble | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | adelsmann || nobleman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | adoptert || adopted | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | adresse || address | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | aften || evening | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | alder || age | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | alderdomssvakhet || weakness of old age | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | aldri || never | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | alen || 2 fot = 24 tommer = .63 meter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | alle || all | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | alltid || always | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | almisse || charity | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | almisselem || indigent, poor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | altergang || Communion | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | amt || county | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | amtmann || chief county administrator | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | andre || others, other, next | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | anetavle || pedigree chart | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | anfall || seizure, attack | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | anførte || entered, mentioned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ankomst || arrival | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | anmerkning || remark, notice, note | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | annen, annet || second, another | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | annen gang || second time | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | anno (Latin) || year | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | annonsere || publish, announce | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | antall || number, count | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | april || April | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | arbeider || laborer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | arkiv || archive | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | arv || inheritance | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | arvelodd || share of inheritance | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | arving || heir | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | astma || asthma | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | at || that | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | atten || eighteen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | attende || eighteenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | attest || certificate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | august || August | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | auksjonsskjøte || A deed of conveyannce by the auction agent (sorenskriveren) to the new owner by official auction. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | av || of, at, by, from | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avdeling || part, division | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avdød || deceased | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avgangen || departed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avgift || duty (monetary), fee | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avkom || offspring, issue | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | avtale || agreement | 
|  |  | |} | 
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|  | <br>
 |  | ====B====  | 
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 | 
|  | ==== <u>'''D''' through F</u>  ==== |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | badstue || sauna | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bakbygning || back building (additional residence behind the main building) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | baker || baker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bakke || hill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bannlyse || excommunicate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | baptist || Baptist | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bar || carried | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bar barnet || held child (at baptism font) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bare || only | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barn || child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barna || children | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barndom || childhood | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barnebarn || grandchild | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barnedåp || child baptism | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barnefar || child’s father | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barnløs || childless | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barsel || birth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barselfeber || childbed fever | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | barselseng || birthing bed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | be || pray, request | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | beboer || occupant, resident | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bededag || prayer day | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bedrive hor || commit adultery | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | befolkning || population, people | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | begge || both | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | begivenhet || event, occurrence | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | begravelse || funeral, burial | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | begravet || buried | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | behandle || handle, treat, manage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bemerkning || remark | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ben || leg, bone | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | benefisert gods || Land which the official has income from | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | benekte || deny | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | benåde || pardon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | beruset || drunk | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | besetning || livestock, crew | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | beskrivelse || description | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | beslektet || related | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | besofet || conceived outside of wedlock | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bestefar || grandfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | besteforeldre || grandparents | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bestemor || grandmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | besvangre || impregnate, get with child, make pregnant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | betale || pay | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | betaling || payment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | betler || beggar | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bevilge || grant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bevis || proof | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bibliotek || library | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bind || volume (book) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | biografi || biography | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | biskop || bishop | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bispedømme || diocese | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blandkorn || mixture of grains (usually barley and oats) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bli || become | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blikkenslager || tinsmith | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blind || blind | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blod || blood | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blodgang || dysentery | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blodskam || incest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | blodsott || abnormal loss of blood during illness | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bo || to live at | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bodde || lived | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bok || book | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bokhandler || bookseller | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bokholder, bokfører || bookkeeper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bokstav || letter, character | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bolig || residence, house | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bonde || farmer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bondegods || land which the farmers owned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bondelensmannen || lowest level in the local administration | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bondesag/bygdesag || a sawmill that from 1688-1818 could only be used for the local market | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bopel || residence, domicile | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | borger || citizen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | borgermester || mayor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | borgerskap || citizenship | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bot || fine, penalty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brann || fire | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brendeved || firewood | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brennevinsbrenner || distiller of spirits | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brev || letter (correspondence) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bro || bridge | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bror || brother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brordatter || brother’s daughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brorsønn || brother’s son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brud || bride | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brudgom || bridegroom | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bruk, gårdsbruk || farm or a part of a farm which is usually inhabited by a family | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bruksdeling || division of a farm into several parts (bruk) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | brygger || brewer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bryllup || wedding | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | budeie || milkmaid | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bubeite || grazing land for cattle in the forest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bumerke || a sign or figure used as signature or carved on the house and tools. The use of this dwindled as people learned to write | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | buskap || livestock, crew | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | by || town, city | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | byg || barley | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygd || small country community, village | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygdebok || rural chronicles | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygdesag/bondesag || a sawmill that from 1688-1818 could only be used for the local market | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygdeting || the lowest court in the country where from the 1600s the district judge (sorenskriver) presided. He was assisted by several magistrates (lagrettesmenn) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygsel || rental of land. The tenant farmer or lease-holder paid rent to the right to lease the land | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bygselrett || the authority to rent land to a tenant farmer. When the farm had several owners, the owner of the largest part had the authority for the entire farm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | byll || abscess | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | byllepest || plague (bubonic) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | byttestreng || boundary | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bære || carry | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | bøkker || cooper, barrel maker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | både || both, either | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | båret || carried | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | båt || boat, ship | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | båtbygger || shipbuilder | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | båtsmann || boatswain, bosun | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <u>'''D'''</u> 
 |  | ====C====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | cirka || approximately | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | communion || Communion | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | confirmerede || confirmed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | copulerede || marriage | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''dag                                        day<br>dagen før                               the previous day<br>dagsarbeider                         day laborer<br>dal                                         valley<br>Danmark                                Denmark<br>dannekvinde                         gentlewoman<br>dannemand                          gentleman<br>dansk                                    Danish<br>dato                                      date (noun)<br>datter                                    daughter<br>datterdatter                           daughter’s daughter<br>dattersønn                             daughter’s son<br>datum (Latin)                        date<br>dele                                       to divide, to share<br>dem                                       them, they<br>den                                        the, it, that<br>denne                                    this<br>der                                         there<br>deres                                      their<br>derfor                                     therefore<br>desember                               December<br>det                                          it, that, the<br>difteri                                      diphtheria<br>din                                           your<br>disse                                        these<br>diverse                                    various<br>dokument                                document<br>domkirke                                 cathedral<br>dommer                                   judge<br>dragon                                     dragoon, light cavalryman<br>dreng                                       boy<br>drengebarn                              male child<br>drepe                                       kill<br>dronning                                  queen<br>druknet                                    drowned<br>dydig                                       virtuous<br>dø                                            to die<br>døbt(e)                                     christening<br>død                                          dead, death<br>døde                                        died, death<br>dødfødt                                    stillborn<br>dødsfall                                   death<br>døgn                                        24-hour period of time<br>døpt                                         baptized, christened<br>døtre                                        daughters<br>døv                                          deaf<br>døvstum                                   deaf and dumb<br>dåp                                          baptism<br>dåpsattest                                certificate of baptism<br>dåpsdag                                   day of baptism ''' 
 |  | ====D====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dag || day | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dagen før || the previous day | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dagsarbeider || day laborer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dal || valley | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | daler || see riksdaler, riksbankdaler, speciedaler and skylddaler | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Danmark || Denmark | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dannekvinde || gentlewoman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dannemand || gentleman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dansk || Danish | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dato || date (noun) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | datter || daughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | datterdatter || daughter’s daughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dattersønn || daughter’s son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | datum (Latin) || date | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | degn || deacon, in older usage the title of the parish clerk (klokker or kirkesanger) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dele || to divide, to share | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dem || them, they | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | den || the, it, that | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | denne || this | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | der || there | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | deres || their | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | derfor || therefore | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | desember || December | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | det || it, that, the | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | difteri || diphtheria | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | din || your | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | disse || these | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | diverse || various | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dokument || document | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | domkirke || cathedral | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dommer || judge | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dragon || dragoon, light cavalryman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dreng || boy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | drengebarn || male child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | drepe || kill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dronning || queen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | druknet || drowned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dydig || virtuous | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dø || to die | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døbt(e) || christening | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | død || dead, death | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døde || died, death | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dødfødt || stillborn | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dødsfall || death | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døgn || 24-hour period of time | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døpt || baptized, christened | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døtre || daughters | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døv || deaf | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | døvstum || deaf and dumb | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dåp || baptism | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dåpsattest || certificate of baptism | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | dåpsdag || day of baptism | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <br>
 |  | ====E====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | efter || after | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | efterkommer || descendant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | efterlatte || surviving, survivors | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | efterlevende || surviving | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eftermiddag || afternoon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | efternavn || surname, last name | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | egen || own | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | egentlig || actual | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | egteviede || marriage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eie, eje || to own | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eiendom || property, real estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ekte || legitimate, to marry | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ektefelle || spouse | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ektemann || husband | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ektepar || married couple | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ekteskap || marriage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ekteskapelig || marital, conjugal | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ekteviet || married | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eldre || older | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eldst || oldest, eldest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | elev || student | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | eller || or, or else | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | elleve || eleven | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ellevte || eleventh | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | elv || river, stream | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | embete || public office | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | embetsmann || public official | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | emigrant || emigrant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | emigrere || emigrate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | en, et || a, one | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | enebarn || only child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | endestav || the corner marker of the boundary of a farm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | engelsk || English; English mint sterling. 1 hud = 12 engelsk. Earlier there could be 18 or 20 engelsk in 1 hud. 1 engelsk equaled 1 calf skin | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | England || England | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | enhver || each | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | enke || widow | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | enkemann || widower | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | enkestand || widowed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ennu || yet, still | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | epilepsi || epilepsy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | er || is, are | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | erhverv || livelihood | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | erkjenne || acknowledge | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | erter || peas | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | et || a, one | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | etasje || floor, story | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | etc. (Latin) || et cetera, and so on | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | etternavn || surname, last | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | evne || intelligence | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <u>'''E'''</u>
 |  | ====F====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fabrikk  || factory | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | faddere  || christening witnesses, godparents | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fallesyke  || epilepsy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | falt fall || be killed in war | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | familie || family | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | familie historie || linage books | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | far || father | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | farfar || paternal grandfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | farger || dyer; tanner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | farmor || paternal grandmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | farsot || pestilence, plague | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fartøy || vessel, craft | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fattig || poor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fattigvesen || welfare agency | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | favn || 3 alen = 6 fot = 1.88 meters | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | februar || February | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | felles || common, joint | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fem || five | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | femte || fifth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | femten || fifteen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | femtende || fifteenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | femti || fifty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | femtiende || fiftieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fengsel || prison | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | festebrev, bygselbrev || a document issued by the landowner, which regulated the contract between the owner and the renter of real estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | festeseddel || rental contract | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | festning || fortress | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fetter || cousin (male) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Finnland || Finland | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | finsk || Finnish | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fore || four | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fisker || fisherman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fjell || mountain | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fjerde || fourth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fjorten || fourteen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fjortende || fourteenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | flere  || several, more | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | flittig || diligent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | flomsag || a sawmill which could only be used in times of high water | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | flytte || move | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fogd, fut || originally the bailiff's servant who administered for him. The most important task was to demand the taxes. The fogd acted also as the grand jury in punishment cases. In the 1600s the fogd was directly responsible to the royal rule in Copenhagen. At the same time his responsibilities were lessened. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | foged, fogd || bailiff, sheriff | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folio || page (double) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folk || people | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folkemengde || population | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folkeregister || citizen register, national register | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folketelling || census | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | folkevandringstida || abt 400-600 A.D. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | follaug || an agreement that the previous owners would be provided in exchange for the farm. It was most used when the parents were passing the farm to their children similar to a life estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | for, at || before, by | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | foran || in front of | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forblødning || bled to death | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | foreldre || parents | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | foreldreløs || orphan | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forening || society | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forfedre || ancestors, forefathers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forgjengeren || predecessor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forhenværende || former, previous, preceding | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forhus || house in front (usually the main house on a farm) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forkjølet || to have a cold | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forklaring || explanation | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forlate || leave, forgive | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forlovelse || engagement | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forlovere || marriage witnesses | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | formiddag || between morning and afternoon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | formynder || guardian | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fornavn || first name, given name | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forpakter || manager of estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forpligtet || obligated | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forrige || former | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forstand || intellect, mind | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forstoppelse || constipation, obstruction | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forsørges || supported | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fortelle || tell, relate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fortid || past | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | forvalter || manager | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | foster || fetus | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fosterbarn || foster child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fostre || foster, to rear | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fot || ½ alen = 12 tommer = 0.31 meter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fra || from | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fraflytte || leave, move away | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fraværende || absent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fredag || Friday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fremmed || foreign, foreigner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fremtid || future | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fru || Mrs. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fruentimmer || unmarried mother, female person (derogatory) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fruktsommelig || pregnant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | frøken || Miss | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | full || full, complete, drunk | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fullgard || a farm which paid full tax. It is a taxation term from the middle ages and the 1600s | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fullmektig || head clerk, agent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fylke || county | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fyr || lighthouse | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fæstebrev || to acquire land | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | føderåd || support received after giving one's estate to another; same as follaug | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | føderådskone || woman recieving support | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | føderådsmann || man receiving support | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fødested || birthplace | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fødsel || birth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fødselsattest || birth certificate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | fødselsdag || birthday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | født(e) || born (birth) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | følgende || following, next | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | føllaug || retired | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | før || before | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | første || first | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | førstebygsel || rent paid at the time of renting a farm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | førti || forty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | førtiende || fortieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | får || sheep, receives | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''efter                                           after <br>efterkommer                              descendant <br>efterlatte                                    surviving,survivors <br>efterlevende                              surviving <br>eftermiddag                               afternoon <br>efternavn                                   surname,last name <br>egen                                          own <br>egentlig                                     actual <br>egteviede                                  marriage<br>eie,eje                                      to own <br>eiendom                                    property,real estate<br>ekte                                           legitimate, tomarry <br>ektefelle                                    spouse <br>ektemann                                  husband <br>ektepar                                      married couple <br>ekteskap                                    marriage <br>ekteskapelig                              marital,conjugal <br>ekteviet                                     married <br>eldre                                         older <br>eldst                                          oldest,eldest <br>elev                                           student <br>eller                                          or,or else <br>elleve                                       eleven <br>ellevte                                      eleventh <br>elv                                            river,stream <br>embete                                    public office <br>embetsmann                           public official <br>emigrant                                  emigrant <br>emigrere                                  emigrate <br>en,et                                       a, one <br>enebarn                                   only child <br>engelsk                                    English <br>England                                   England <br>enhver                                     each <br>enke                                        widow <br>enkemann                               widower <br>enkestand                                widowed <br>ennu                                        yet, still <br>epilepsi                                    epilepsy <br>er                                             is, are <br>erhverv                                    livelihood <br>erkjenne                                  acknowledge <br>et                                             a, one <br>etasje                                      floor, story <br>etc.(Latin)                               et cetera, and so on <br>etternavn                                 surname, last <br>evne                                        intelligence <br>'''
 |  | ====G====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gammel || old | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gartner || gardener | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | garver || tanner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gate || street | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gave || gift, endowment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | geistlig || ecclesiastical | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | geitskinn || goat skin / hide; a measure of debt equal to 3 engelsk | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | geografisk leksikon || gazetteer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gift || marriage, married, poison | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gikt || rheumatism | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | giftingsgods || land which was obtained through marriage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjeld || debt | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjenlevende || survivors | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjennom || through | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjerdene || fences | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjestgiver || innkeeper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjet, gjeit || goat | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjeter || herdsman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gjørtler || brazier, brass smith | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | god || good | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gods || estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | godseier || estate owner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gotisk skrift || Gothic script was the handwriting which was used in Norway from the 1200s to the last of the nineteenth century | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gratis || free | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grav || grave | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | graver || gravedigger, sexton | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gravlund || cemetery | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gravsted || burial place | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gren || branch | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grenader || infantryman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grense || boundary, border | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | greve || Count (nobility) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grevinne || Countess | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grunn || ground, reason | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gruve || mine, pit | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gruvearbeider || miner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | grønn || green | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gudfar || godfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gudmor || godmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gull || gold | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gulsot || jaundice | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gulv || floor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gutt || boy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gå || go, walk | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gård || farm; the entity which was designated with a name. From the 1800’s it was also designated with a farm number. One farm could be subdivided into several parcels called bruk. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gårdbruker || farmer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gårdeier || farm owner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | gårsdagens || of yesterday | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <br><u>'''F'''</u>
 |  | ====H====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ha || to have | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hadde || had | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | halshugget || decapitated | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | halv || half | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | halvbror || half brother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Halvgård || a farm which paid ½ of the full tax | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | halvsøster || half sister | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ham || him | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | han || he | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | handelsmann || merchant, trader | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hans || his | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hanskemaker || glove maker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | har || has, have | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hattemaker || hatmaker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | havn || harbor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | havre || oats | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | heller || rather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | helligdag || holiday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hengt seg || hanged himself or herself | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | henne || her | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | her || here | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Herr || Mr. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | herred || judicial district | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Herren || the Lord | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hest || horse | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | heter || is named | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | historie || history | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hittebarn || orphan, foundling | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjem || home | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjemme || at home | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjemmedøpt || baptized at home | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjemmehørende || residing | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjerte || heart | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjertefeil || heart disease | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjul || wheel | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hjulmaker || wheelwright | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | holde || hold, stop | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | horeri || adultery | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hos || with, at | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hoste || cough | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hovedliste || census list | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hud || hide; a measure of debt which was used until 1838, but sometimes longer. 1 hud = 4 geitskinn = 12 engelsk. Originally used for payment of land taxes. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hun || she | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hundre(de) || hundred (hundredth) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hus || house | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husar || hussar, cavalryman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husbonde || head of household | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husene || houses | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husholderske || housekeeper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husmann || cottager, tenant farmer, share crofter; a person who lived on land without a farm number. Could often use a parcel of land by paying the landowner. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husmannsplass || the designation of the parcel of land/cottage where the husmann lived | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | husmor || housewife | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hustru || wife | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hva || what | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvem || who | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hver || every | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvete || wheat | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvilken || which | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvis || if, whose | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvit || white | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvor || where | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvordan || how | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvorfor || why | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | hvorvidt || whether | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | høsten || in the fall | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | høy || tall, high, hay | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | høyre || right (side) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | håndarbeide || handwork | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | håndtering || occupation | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | håndverk || trade, handicraft | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''fabrikk                                    factory <br>faddere                                  christening witnesses, godparents <br>fallesyke                                epilepsy <br>falt                                         fall, be killed inwar <br>familie                                   family <br>familie                                   historie lineage books <br>far                                          father <br>farfar                                      paternal grandfather <br>farger                                     dyer, tanner <br>farmor                                    paternal grandmother <br>farsot                                      pestilence,plague <br>fartøy                                      vessel, craft <br>fattig                                       poor <br>fattigvesnet                             welfare agency <br>februar                                   February <br>felles                                      common, joint <br>fem                                         five <br>femte                                      fifth <br>femten                                    fifteen <br>femtende                                fifteenth <br>femti                                       fifty <br>femtiende                               fiftieth <br>fengsel                                   prison <br>festeseddet                             rental contract <br>festning                                  fortress <br>fetter                                      cousin (male) <br>Finnland                                Finland <br>finsk                                       Finnish <br>fire                                         four <br>fisker                                      fisherman <br>fjell                                        mountain <br>fjerde                                     fourth <br>fjorten                                    fourteen <br>fjortende                                fourteenth <br>flere                                       several, more <br>flittig                                      diligent <br>flytte                                      move <br>foged, fogd                            bailiff, sheriff <br>folio                                       page (double) <br>folk                                        people <br>folkemengde                         population <br>folkeregister                          citizen register, national register <br>folketelling                            census <br>for                                          for, at, before, by <br>foran                                      in front of <br>forblødning                            bled to death <br>foreldre                                  parents <br>foreldreløs                             orphan <br>forening                                 society <br>forfedre                                 ancestors,forefathers <br>forhenværende                      former, previous, preceding <br>forhus                                    house in front (usually the main house on afarm) <br>forkjølet                                 to have acold <br>forklaring                               explanation <br>forlate                                    leave, forgive <br>forlovelse                               engagement <br>forlovere                                marriage witnesses <br>formiddag                              between morning andafternoon <br>formynder                              guardian <br>fornavn                                  first name,given name <br>forpakter                               manager of estate <br>forrige                                   former <br>forstand                                 intellect, mind <br>forstoppelse                          constipation, obstruction <br>forsørges                               supported <br>fortelle                                  tell, relate <br>fortid                                     past <br>forvalter                                manager <br>foster                                    fetus <br>fosterbarn                             foster child <br>fostre                                    foster, to rear <br>fra                                         from <br>fraflytte                                 leave, move away <br>fraværende                          absent <br>fredag                                  Friday <br>fremmed                              foreign, foreigner <br>fremtid                                 future <br>fru                                        Mrs. <br>fruentimmer                         unmarried mother, female person (derogatory) <br>fruktsommelig                      pregnant <br>frøken                                  Miss <br>full                                       full, complete, drunk <br>fullmektig                            head clerk, agent <br>fylke                                    county <br>fyr                                        lighthouse <br>fæstebrev                            to acquire land <br>føderåd                               support received after giving one’s estate to another <br>føderådskone                      woman receiving support <br>føderådsmann                     man receiving support <br>fødested                              birthplace <br>fødsel                                  birth <br>fødselsattest                        birth certificate <br>fødselsdag                           birthday <br>født(e)                                  born (birth) <br>følgende                              following, next <br>føllaug                                 retired <br>før                                        before <br>første                                   first <br>førti                                      forty <br>førtiende                              fortieth <br>får                                        sheep, receives ''' 
 |  | ====I====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | i || in | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | idiot || idiot | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ifølge || according to | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | igår || yesterday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | igjen || again | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | i hjel, slå || kill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ikke || not | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ikke enda || not yet | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ild || fire | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | imellom || between, among | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | imorgen || tomorrow | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | inderst || a person who rented a room from others and had his own household | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | infeksjon || infection | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ingen || none | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | inn || in | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | inne i || inside | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innerst || renter, innermost | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innflyttning || moving in | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innhold || content | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innsitter || renter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innsjø || lake | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | innvandring || immigration | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | intet || none | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | introduceret || introduced | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Island || Iceland | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | islandsk || Icelandic | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <br> |  | ====J====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | januar || January | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jeg || I (personal pronoun) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jeger || light infantry soldier, hunter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jomfru || damsel, Miss, virgin | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordbruk || farming | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordegods || landed property | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordet || burial; the ground | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordferd || burial, funeral | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordfeste || burial, interment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordfæstede || sealing the grave; when a person was buried without a priest, the practice <br>by which the priest would later consecrate the grave | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordfesting || burial, interment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordmor || midwife | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordpåkastelse || ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jordvei, vei || road | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jul || Christmas | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | juli || July | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | juni || June | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | jurist || lawyer | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | ==== '''G''' through I  ==== |  | ====K==== | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kakkelovn || from the 1700s a somewhat misused term for an iron stove. A closed fireplace clad with glazed ceramic tiles used for heating buildings. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kalemank || wool, often used to make vests and trousers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kallet || named | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kanskje || maybe, perhaps | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | karet || coach | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kart || map | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | katolsk || Catholic | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kavaleri || cavalry | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kemmer || peddler | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kikhoste || whooping cough | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirke || church | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirkebok || parish register | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirkegods || land which was reserved for the clergy or which was owned by local or central religious institutions | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirkegård || cemetery, churchyard | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirkeverger || a couple of farmers in each parish which should control or supervise the local church estate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kirkeværge || church warden | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kiste || chest, coffin | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kjent || known | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kjønn || sex | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kjøpe || buy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kjøpmann || merchant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kledning || usual description of a man's clothing consisting of trousers, undershirt, and tunic | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | klokker || sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kloster || convent, monastery | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kokarde || insignia | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kolikk || colic | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kommune || municipality, township | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kone || wife | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | konfirmasjon || confirmation | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | konge || king | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kongedømme || kingdom | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kongelig || royal | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kontor || office | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kopper || smallpox, copper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | koppskatt || person tax | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kort || short, card | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kort register || card index | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | krampe || convulsions, spasm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kreft || cancer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | krig || war | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | krongods || land which belonged to the crown or state | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ku || cow | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kun || only | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kunngjøre || declare | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kunnskap || knowledge | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kusine || cousin (female) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kusk || coachman, teamster | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kveg || cattle | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvele || choke | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvell || evening | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvern || a machine which would mill grain often called a bekkekvern (brook mill). A water wheel was used to turn the mill. If the brook was suitable 3 or 4 mills could be built. There were also smaller hand mills | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvindemenneske || female | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvinne || woman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kvinnekjønn || female | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kyllinger || chickens | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kår || support received after giving one’s estate to another | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kårkone || woman who receives kår | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | kårmann || man who receives | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''G'''
 |  | ====L====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | la || let, allow | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lagmann || judge at the high court which was an appeals court over the local court | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lagrettemann || farmer who after taking an oath could function as judges or witnesses | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | land || country | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | landsby || village | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | langfredag || Good Friday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | landskyld || yearly rent which the renter paid to the land owner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | laugverge || widow’s guardian or spokesman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ledstø || a stone boundary marker between two outer markers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | legd || A group of farms which together were responsible for a portion of the community obligations such as taxes, providing soldiers, or taking care of the poor. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | legdslem || welfare recipient | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | leidang || a sea military defense ordinance in Viking times. Later it was made an annual tax | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | leie || hire, rent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | leier || tenant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | leilending || leaseholder; the person who rented land from the land owner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lejermål, leiermål || unlawful and punishable sexual union outside of marriage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lenge || long | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lensmann/lensherre || sheriff; nobleman who had received a district from the king | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lensmannen || lowest level official in the local administration | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lese || read | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | leve || live | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | levende || live, living | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lignende || same, alike, similar | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | |ligprædiken | 
|  |  | |funeral sermon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lik || corpse, alike | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | likeledes || also, as well | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lille || small | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lite (litt) || little | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | liten || little, small | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | liv || life | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | los || pilot (ship) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | losjerende || boarder, lodger | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lov || law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lovlig || legal | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lungebetendelse || pneumonia | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | luteraner || Lutheran | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lysning || post banns | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lysninger || banns | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | læregutt || apprentice | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lærer || teacher (male) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lærerinne || teacher (female) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lærling || apprentice | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | løkke || enclosure, meadow, paddock, vacant lot | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | løpenummer || serial number; the number given to a parcel of a farm. See more under Matrikkel. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | lørdag || Saturday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | løsaktig || loose or immoral woman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | løsarbeider || day laborer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | låve || barn | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''gammel  '''                             '''old'''<br>'''gartner                                gardener <br>garver                                 tanner <br>gate                                    street <br>gave                                   gift,endowment <br>geistlig                               ecclesiastical <br>geografisk leksikon            gazetteer <br>gift                                      marriage,married,poison <br>gikt                                     rheumatism <br>gjeld                                   debt<br>gjenlevende                       survivors <br>gjennom                             through <br>gjestgiver                           innkeeper <br>gjet,gjeit                            goat <br>gjeter                                  herdsman <br>gjørtler                                brazier,brass smith <br>god                                     good <br>gods                                    estate <br>godseier                              estate owner<br>gratis                                   free <br>grav                                    grave <br>graver                                 gravedigger,sexton <br>gravlund                             cemetery <br>gravsted                              burial place <br>gren                                    branch <br>grenader                             infantryman <br>grense                                 boundary,border <br>greve                                  Count (nobility)<br>grevinne                             Countess <br>grunn                                  ground,reason <br>gruve                                  mine,pit <br>gruvearbeider                    miner <br>grønn                                 green <br>gudfar                                godfather <br>gudmor                              godmother <br>gull                                    gold <br>gulsot                                 jaundice <br>gulv                                   floor <br>gutt                                    boy <br>gå                                      go,walk <br>gård                                   farm <br>gårdbruker                         farmer <br>gårdeier                             farm owner <br>gårsdagens                        ofyesterday  '''
 |  | ====M====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | magesyke || diarrhea, stomach ailment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mai || May | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | makeskifte || record of grown men. The oldest is from the 1660’s. Can also be used as a record of those who owe taxes. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | maler || painter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mandag || Monday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mange || many | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mann || man, husband | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mannkjønn || male | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mark || field; as a coin = 1 ort whose weight is about 250 grams | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | markegang || boundary line | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mars || March | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | matrikkel || land registration; official register of real estate used as the foundation for taxation. In the first part of the 1600’s the farms were divided into full farms, half farms, and uninhabited farms and taxed accordingly. In the 1600’s the matrikkel commissions attempted to register all the property in Norway and to justify the tax burden for them. This resulted in the matrikkelen of 1688. Then they used the old terms of hud, geitskinn, og engelsk. This was the official matrikkelen until 1838 although there was a new matrikkel in 1723 which was never used. In 1818 work was started on a new matrikkelen which was put into effect in 1838. Each farm received a new number and each parcel (bruk) received a sub-number (løpenummer). These sub-numbers were a continuous number series for the entire registration as the farms were divided in 1820. With further divisions the numbers were followed by a letter of the alphabet, for example, 279a, 279b, etc. It was a difficult process because so many farms were continuously subdivided or the two parcels were once again united. In 1838 the debt was categorized as skylddaler = 5 ort = 120 schillings. In the 1860’s work was begun on a new matrikkel. Each farm received, once again, a new number and limitless bruksnummer beginning with 1. At the same time the debt values were used as 1 skyldmark = 100 øre. A revised version of this matrikkelen was instituted in 1906. Printed copies of the matrikkelen of 1838, 1889 and 1906 are available. They show the farm and the bruk name, owner, or tenant and the tax value. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | matrikkelnummer || the number assigned to identify property for taxation purposes. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | matros || sailor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | med || with | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | medhjelper || assistant, helper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | medlem || member | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | med videre (Latin) || et cetera, and so on | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | meg || me | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mellom || middle | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mellombygning || middle building | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | men || but | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mer || more, additional | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | meslinger || measles | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | messingsmed || brazier, brass smith | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mester || master (of a trade) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | midlertidig || temporarily | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | midnatt || midnight | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mil || metric mile (ten kilometers) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | militær || military | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | min || mine (belongs to me) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mindre || lesser | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | minearbeider || miner | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | minste || smallest, youngest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | minutt || minute | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | modig || courageous, brave | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mor || mother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mord || murder | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | morfar || maternal grandfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | morgen || morning | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | mormor || maternal grandmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | motta || receive | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | murer || mason | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | musiker || musician | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | m.v. (Latin) || See med videre | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | myndig || of age | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | møbelsnekker || furniture maker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | møller || miller | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | ''' <br>'''
 |  | ====N====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nabo || neighbor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nadverd || Communion, sacrament | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | natt || night | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | navn || name | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nedbrent || burned down | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nei || no | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | neste || next, neighbor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | neste år || next year | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nevø || nephew | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ni || nine | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | niende || ninth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | niese || niece | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nitten || nineteen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nittende || nineteenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nitti || ninety | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nittiende || ninetieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | noen || some, any | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nord || north | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | november || November | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nu, nå || now | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nulevende || living | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | null || zero | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nummer || number | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ny || new | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nyfødt || newborn | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nylig || lately | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nyttår || new year | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nær || near, close | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | næringsvei || livelihood, trade | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | nå, nu || now | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | når || when, if, reach | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  |  | ====O====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | odel || birthright or allodial ownership | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | odelsgods || property which someone has right to by inheritance. It is also used on all privately owned property except privileged noble estates | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | odelsskatt || tax on private property paid by a certain part of the property tax based on the amount of land which they didn’t used themselves. This term is a bit misleading because this tax was not only paid on private property, but also on purchased and mortgaged property. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ofte || often | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | og || and | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oktober || October | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oldebarn || great-grandchild | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oldefar || great-grandfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oldeforeldre || great-grandparents | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oldemor || great-grandmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | om || if, about | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | omegn || neighboring places | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | omtrent || about, almost, nearly | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | omvendelse || conversion | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | onkel || uncle | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | onsdag || Wednesday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | opgave (ved uægte børn af hvem Opgaven er skeet) || task (specifically, for illegitimate children, who reported their status) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | opp || up | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oppe || above, upstairs | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oppfostre || foster, to rear | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oppgivelsesskifte || probate held before the property was turned over to heirs when receiving a life estate. Also for the one which probated is deceased. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | opptegnelse || record | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ordbok || dictionary | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ordfører || mayor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ort || as money 1 ort = 24 skilling. Also used as a measure of debt. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | oss || us | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | osv. || et cetera, and so on | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | over || over | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | overhoffretten || the highest court in Norway from 1666-1797 | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | overlevende || survivors | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | overtredelse || transgression | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''H''' 
 |  | ====P====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pagina (Latin) || page | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pallask || sword | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pantebok || mortgage record | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pantegods || property which is mortgaged. From the beginning of the 1700’s the mortgage holder had the right to all the properties income. He must also pay taxes on this income. In the 1700’s the mortgage holder collected yearly interest while the mortgagee kept the right of disposition of the property | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | parsell || plot of land, allotment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | parykkmaker || wigmaker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | penger || money | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pensjon || pension | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pensjonist || retired person | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | person || person | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pest || plague | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pike (pige) || girl, maid | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pikebarn || female child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pikenavn || maiden name, girl’s name | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pinse || Pentecost | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pladsen || the cottage - houses, place the cottager occupied | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | plass || see Husmannsplass | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleiebarn || foster child | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleiedatter || foster daughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleiefar || foster father | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleieforeldre || foster parents | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleiemor || foster mother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pleiesønn || foster son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | poteter || potatoes | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | pottemaker || potter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | preke || preach | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prest || minister, priest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prestegjeld || clerical district | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prestegods || the property which supported the priest and which he had income from as part of his salary | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prestekontor || parish office | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prestemanntall || count or census of the priests | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prins || prince | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | prinsesse || princess | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | på || on, at, upon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | påske || Easter | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''ha                                      to have <br>hadde                                had <br>halshugget                        decapitated <br>halv                                   half <br>halvbror                            half brother <br>halvsøster                         half sister <br>ham                                  him <br>han                                   he <br>handelsmann                   merchant,trader <br>hans                                 his <br>hanskemaker                   glove maker<br>har                                   has, have <br>hattemaker                      hatmaker <br>havn                                harbor <br>heller                               rather <br>helligdag                         holiday <br>hengt seg                        hanged himself or herself <br>henne                              her <br>her                                   here <br>Herr                                  Mr. <br>herred                              judicial district <br>Herren                              the Lord <br>hest                                  horse <br>heter                                is named <br>historie                             history <br>hittebarn                          orphan, foundling <br>hjem                                home <br>hjemme                           at home <br>hjemmedøpt                    baptized at home <br>hjemmehørende              residing <br>hjerte                               heart <br>hjertefeil                          heart disease <br>hjul                                  wheel <br>hjulmaker                        wheelwright <br>holde                               hold, stop <br>horeri                              adultery <br>hos                                  with, at <br>hoste                               cough <br>hovedliste                       census list <br>hun                                 she <br>hundre(de)                      hundred (hundredth)<br>hus                                  house <br>husar                              hussar, cavalryman <br>husbonde                       head of household <br>husholderske                  housekeeper <br>husmann                        cottager,tenant farmer <br>husmor                           housewife <br>hustru                             wife <br>hva                                 what <br>hvem                              who <br>hver                                every <br>hvilken                           which <br>hvis                                if,whose <br>hvit                                 white <br>hvor                                where <br>hvordan                          how <br>hvorfor                            why <br>hvorvidt                           whether <br>høsten                             in thefall <br>høy                                  tall, high, hay <br>høyre                              right (side) <br>håndarbeide                   handwork <br>håndtering                      occupation <br>håndverk                         trade, handicraft ''' 
 |  | ====R====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | register || index, register | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | regjering || government | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | regning || bill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | regnskap || account | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | reise || travel | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | religion || religion | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | repslager || rope maker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rett || court (noun), correct | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rettferdig || just, righteous | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ridder || knight | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rik || wealthy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | riksbankdaler || main currency in Norway 1813-1816. 1 riksbankdaler = 6 mark = 96 riksbankskilling. At that time a very large amount of riksbankdaler were issued such that the value of them quickly decreased | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | riksdaler || main currency in Norway 1544-1813. From 1625 1 rikdaler = 4 ort = 96 skilling | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | riktig || correct | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rug || rye | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rulle || a record of soldiers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rundt || around | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ryg || rye | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rytter || cavalryman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | rådmann || councilman | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <br>
 |  | ====S====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sa || said, stated | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sabbat || Sabbath | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sagskjærer || sawmill worker who cut with a handsaw | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sakefall || term for both fines and property confiscation of a condemned person which was paid to the authorities in the 1600’s | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sakrament || sacrament | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | salig || deceased, holy, blessed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | salmaker || saddler | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samfunn || society | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samleie || intercourse | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samme || same | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samme dag || the same day | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sammen || together | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sammesteds || in the same place | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samtlige || all | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | samtykke || consent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sau || sheep | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | seg || oneself | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | seks || six | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | seksten || sixteen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sekstende || sixteenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | seksti || sixty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sekstiende || sixtieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | selv || self | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | selveier || owner, freeholder; farmer which owned his own land in contrast to one who rented land | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | selvmord || suicide | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | senere || later | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | seng || bed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sengeliggende || bedridden | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | separeret || separated | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | september || September | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | side || page, side | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sidehus || side house | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | siden || since, later | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sin, sitt, sine || his, hers, its | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sinnsvak || insane, retarded | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sinnsyk || mentally ill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | siste || last, latter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | siste olje || last rites | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sjette || sixth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sju (syv) || seven | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sjuende (syvende) || seventh | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sjø || sea, lake | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sjømann || sailor, seaman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skaberak || elaborate horse blanket | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skaffe || produce | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skal || shall, must | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skarlagensfeber || scarlet fever | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skatt || tax | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skibsfører || ship’s captain | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skifte || probate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skifteprotokoll || probate record book | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skifteretten || probate court | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skilling || currency like 1/96 of a daler until 1816, later 1/120 speciedaler | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skilsmisse || divorce | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skilt || divorced | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skiløper || infantry soldier on skis, skier | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skinn || calf skin. In about 1200 each farm paid the tax of one calf skin. In 1661 this tax was combined with Biskops- and Olavstax and then was revised to be assessed by the size of the farm so that the tax value varied between 1 and 3 skins per farm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skipreide || administrative unit originally tied to leidangsvesenet. In the middle ages it was revised to be a district which paid rent to the crown. Later used as designation of jurisdiction, see tinglag | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skjedde || happened | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skjøte || deed (property) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skog || forest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skole || school | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skomaker || shoemaker | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skoskatt || personal tax in 1711 of all who had shoes | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skredder || tailor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skriver || scribe | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skulle || should | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skyld/landskyld || yearly rent the lessee should pay to the landowner. In older times it was at the same time a set measurement for the property at purchase, sale, or probate. From the 1600’s the tax was aligned with the debt. All independent farms were taxed, whether it was rented or self-owned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skylddaler || 1 skylddaler = 5 ort = 120 skilling | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skylddeling || division of the debt when a farm was subdivided | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skyssplikt || the farmers had the obligation to take care of the horse and horseman for travelers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | skysskaffer || person who had the assignment to obtain a horse and horseman for travelers | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slag || strike, blow, stroke | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slakter || butcher | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slekt || relatives, family, lineage | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slektninger || relatives | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slektsforskning || genealogy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slektshistorie || family history, lineage books | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slektsvåpen || coat of arms | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | slå ihjel || kill | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | smed || smith | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | snart || soon | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | snekker || cabinetmaker, carpenter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sogn || parish | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | soldat || soldier | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sorenskriver || magistrate, probate judge; the office of sorenskriver was created by royal proclamation 31 July 1591. The sorenskriver was to be the secretary of the local court. But by the early 1600’s he had progressed to be the judge at the local court and after a time he became the sole judge. He also had obligations as a probate manager, auction manager, court attendant, notary public, etc. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sort || black | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | spebarn || infant, baby | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | spillemann || musician, fiddler | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | speciedaler (spd) || main currency in Norway 1816-1875. 1 speciedaler = 5 ort = 120 skilling. With the switch to the crown (krone) in 1875 a speciedaler was to equal 4 crowns | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stabbur || storehouse on pillars | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stamtavle || descendancy chart | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stand || social position | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stebarn || stepchild | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stebror || stepbrother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sted || place | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stedatter || stepdaughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stefar || stepfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | steinhogger || stonecutter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stemor || stepmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stervbo || the deceased’s dwelling (from the german “sterben”) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stesønn || stepson | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stilling || status, position, office | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stor || large | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | straff || punishment | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | straks || right away, immediately | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | strandsitter || husmann who lived on the seacoast | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | stum || mute (can’t speak) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | summa (Latin) || totals | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | summarisk || statistical, summary | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svak || weak | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svakhet || weakness | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svart || black | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svenn || journeyman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svensk || Swedish | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Sverige || Sweden | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svigerdatter || daughter-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svigerfar || father-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svigerinne || sister-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svigermor || mother-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svigersønn || son-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svoger || brother-in-law | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | svulst || tumor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syd || south | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sydlig || southern | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syerske || seamstress | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syk || sick | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sykdom || disease | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sypike || seamstress | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sytten || seventeen | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syttende || seventeenth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sytti || seventy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syttiende || seventieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syv (sju) || seven | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | syvende (sjuende) || seventh | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sølv || silver | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | søndag || Sunday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sønn || son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sønnedatter || son’s daughter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sønnesøn || son’s son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sør || south | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | søsken || siblings | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | søster || sister | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | søstersønn || sister’s son | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | så || saw (see), so, if so, sow (seed) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | sådan || such | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | således || thus, in this or that | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''I''' 
 |  | ====T==== | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tak || roof | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | takk || thank you | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | takksigelse || thanksgiving | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tall || number, count | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tambur || drummer (soldier) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tante || aunt | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | testamente || last will | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ti || ten | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tid || time | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tidlig || early | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tidsperiode || period of time | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tidsskrift || periodical | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tiende || tenth, tithing; originally a payment to the church of 1/10 of increase. In the 1600’s it was paid annually | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tigger || beggar | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | til || to, until, for | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tillatelse || dispensation, permission | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | time || hour | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tinglag || area of court jurisdiction for a local court | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tippoldefar || great-great-grandfather | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tippoldemor || great-great-grandmother | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tirsdag || Tuesday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tittel || title | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjene || serve, work | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjeneste || service | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjenestedreng || servant, employee, male | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjenestepige || servant, employee, female | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjue (tyve) || twenty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueannen || twenty-second | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueen || twenty-one | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuefem || twenty-five | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuefire || twenty-four | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuefjerde || twenty-fourth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueførste || twenty-first | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuende (tyvende) || twentieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueni(ende) || twenty-nine (twenty-ninth) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueseks || twenty-six | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuesjette || twenty-sixth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuesju(ende) || twenty-seven(th) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuetemte || twenty-fifth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueto || twenty-two | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjuetre(dje) || twenty-three (twenty-third) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tjueåtte(nde) || twenty-eight (twenty-eighth) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | to || two | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tohundre || two hundred | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tollbetjent || customs officer | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tolv || twelve | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tolvte || twelfth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | torsdag || Thursday | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tre || three | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tredevte (trettiende) || thirtieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tredje || third | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tredjeårstake || lease payment which was due every three years | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tredve (tretti) || thirty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tretten(de) || thirteen (thirteenth) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trettien(de) || thirty-one (thirty-first) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trettiførste || thirty-first | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trolovelse || engagement | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trolovet || engaged | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trosbekjennelse || creed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | trossamfunn || religion | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tuberkulose || consumption, tuberculosis | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tukthus || prison | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tusen(de) || thousand(th) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tvangsarbeide || hard labor, compulsory labor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tvilling || twin | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tyfus || typhoid fever | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tysk || German | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | Tyskland || Germany | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tyv || thief | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tyve (tjue) || twenty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tyvende (tjvende) || twentieth | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tæring || tuberculosis | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tømmermann || carpenter, framer, ship’s carpenter | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | tønne || barrel | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''i                                       in <br>idiot                                 idiot <br>ifølge                               according to <br>igår                                  yesterday <br>igjen                                again <br>i hjel,slå                          kill <br>ikke                                  not <br>ikke enda                         not yet <br>ild                                     fire <br>imellom                            between,among <br>imorgen                            tomorrow <br>infeksjon                           infection <br>ingen                                 none <br>inn                                     in<br>inne i                                 inside <br>innerst                               renter,innermost <br>innflyttning                        moving in<br>innhold                              content <br>innsitter                              renter <br>innsjø                                 lake <br>innvandring                        immigration <br>intet                                    none <br>introduceret                        introduced <br>Island                                  Iceland <br>islandsk                               Icelandic '''
 |  | ====U====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | udøpt || unbaptized | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | uekte || illegitimate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ugift || unmarried | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | uke || week | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ukjent || unknown, foreign | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ulovlig || illegal | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ulykke || accident | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | umoralsk || immoral | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | umyndig || under legal age | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | under || under, below | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | underholde || support | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | underskrevne || the undersigned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | underskrift || signature | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | undertegnet || signed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ung || young | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ungkarl || bachelor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | unntatt || except | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | uskyldig || innocent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ussel || miserable, poor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | usømmelig || indecent | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utdrag || extract | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | uten || without | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utenfor || outside of | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utfattog || destitute, penniless | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utflyttning || moving out | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utføre || perform, do | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utgi || publish | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | uti || at, in | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utlagt || named as, alleged | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utlandet || foreign country | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utskiftning || dissolution and redistribution of the several parcels of land making up the farm to make it more evenly distributed | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utskyld || yearly payment to the crown in the southwest of Norway. Probably it was originally a duty of the farms along a road to support the king before the unification of Norway | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utukt || lechery, fornication | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utvandre || emigrate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utvandrer || emigrant | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | utvandring || emigration | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | ==== '''J through L'''  ==== |  | ====V====   | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vaccinerede || vaccination | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vaksinert || vaccination, vaccinated | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vanfør || crippled, disabled | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vanskapt || deformed, handicapped | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | var || was, were | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vattersot || dropsy (edema) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ved || at, by | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vedkommende || person concerned | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ved siden av || next to | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ved uægte børn af hvem Opgaven er skeet || for illegitimate children, who reported their status | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | velstand || prosperity | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | venn || friend | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | venstre || left (side) | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | verge || guardian | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | verneplikt || military duty | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vertshus || inn | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vest || west | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vever || weaver | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vielse || marriage, wedding | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vielsesattest || marriage certificate | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | viet || married | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vikingtida || about 800-1000 years A.D. | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vitne || witness | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vitnesbyrd || testimony | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vogn || carriage, wagon, vehicle | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vognmann || coachman | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | voldta || rape | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vurdering || appraisal | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | værdig || worthy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | være || be | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | vår || our | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | våren || in the spring | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  |  | ====Y====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | yngre || younger | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | yngst || youngest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | yrke || profession | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  |  | ====Æ==== | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ærbødig || respectful | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ære || honor | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ærlig || honest | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ættegransking || genealogy | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''J'''
 |  | ====Ø====  | 
|  |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øde || desolate, waste | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ødegård || from the late 1500’s this was also a classification of a farm for tax purposes and was used for all farms in the lowest classification. 1 ødegård = a quarter farm | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ødelegge || destroy | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ødemark || wasteland, wilderness | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | ønske || wish, desire, want | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øre || ear; after 1889 taxes owed, 100 øre = 1 skyldmark | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øst || east | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øvre || upper | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øy || island | 
|  |  | |- | 
|  |  | | øye, øie || eye | 
|  |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | '''<br>januar January <br>jeg I <br>jeger light infantry soldier, hunter <br>jomfru damsel, Miss, virgin <br>jordbruk farming <br>jordet burial <br>jordmor midwife <br>jordpåkastelse ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin <br>jul Christmas <br>juli July <br>juni June <br>jurist lawyer '''
 |  | ====Å====  | 
|  |  
 |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  |   |  | ! Norwegian !! English | 
|  | '''K'''
 |  | |- | 
|  |   |  | | åmage || it was usual when one wanted to preserve the inheritance in property but did not have the economic ability to pay by a certain time that they announced their rights to the land in the court to retain their inheritance | 
|  | '''kallet named <br>kanskje maybe, perhaps <br>karet coach <br>kart map <br>katolsk Catholic <br>kavaleri cavalry <br>kemmer peddler <br>kikhoste whooping cough <br>kirke church <br>kirkebok parish register <br>kirkegård cemetery, churchyard <br>kirkeværge church warden <br>kiste chest, coffin <br>kjent known <br>kjønn sex <br>kjøpe buy <br>kjøpmann merchant <br>klokker sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon <br>kloster convent, monastery <br>kokarde insignia <br>kolikk colic <br>kommune municipality, township <br>kone wife <br>konfirmasjon confirmation <br>konge king <br>kongedømme kingdom <br>kongelig royal <br>kontor office <br>kopper smallpox, copper <br>kort short, card <br>kort register card index <br>krampe convulsions, spasm <br>kreft cancer <br>krig war <br>ku cow <br>kun only <br>kunngjøre declare <br>kunnskap knowledge <br>kusine cousin (female) <br>kusk coachman, teamster <br>kveg cattle <br>kvele choke <br>kvell evening <br>kvinne woman <br>kvinnekjønn female <br>kyllinger chickens <br>kår support received after giving one’s estate toanother <br>kårkone woman who receives kår <br>kårmann man who receives kår <br>'''
 |  | |- | 
|  |   |  | | ånd || spirit | 
|  |   |  | |- | 
|  | '''L'''
 |  | | åndsvak || mentally deficient | 
|  |   |  | |- | 
|  |   |  | | år || year | 
|  |   |  | |- | 
|  |   |  | | årgangssag || sawmill which had a large enough water supply to operate throughout the year | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | '''la let, allow <br>lagrettemann court member <br>land country <br>landsby village <br>langfredag Good Friday <br>laugverge widow’s guardian or spokesman <br>legd welfare, military levying district <br>legdslem welfare recipient <br>leie hire, rent <br>leier tenant <br>leilending leaseholder <br>lejermål illicit and punishable intercourse <br>lenge long <br>lensmann sheriff <br>lese read <br>leve live <br>levende live, living <br>lignende same, alike, similar <br>lik corpse, alike <br>likeledes also, as well <br>lille small <br>lite (litt) little <br>liten little, small <br>liv life <br>los pilot (ship) <br>losjerende boarder, lodger <br>lov law <br>lovlig legal <br>lungebetendelse pneumonia <br>luteraner Lutheran <br>lysning post banns <br>lysninger banns <br>læregutt apprentice <br>lærer teacher (male) <br>lærerinne teacher (female) <br>lærling apprentice <br>løpenummer serial number <br>lørdag Saturday <br>løsaktig loose or immoral woman <br>løsarbeider day laborer <br><br><br>'''<br>'''<br><br><br><br>''' 
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|  | === Spelling  ===
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|  |   |  | 
|  | Spelling was not standardized when most early records were made. The following spelling variations are common: 
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|  |   |  | 
|  | {|class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
 |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | aa used for å <br> |  | | århundre || century | 
|  | | j used for gj |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | b used for p  |  | | årlig || annual, yearly | 
|  | | ld used for ll |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | c used for k  |  | | årsak || cause, reason | 
|  | | nd used for nn |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | d used for t  |  | | åsetesrett || the right to take over an undivided landed property | 
|  | | q used for k |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | e used for æ  |  | | åsted || where event took place (place of event) | 
|  | | u used for v |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | f used for v  |  | | åtte || eight | 
|  | | w used for v |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | g used for k  |  | | åttende || eighth | 
|  | | x used for ks |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | i used for j  <br> |  | | åtti || eighty | 
|  | | ch used for k |  | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | tj used for kj <br> |  | | åttiede || eightieth | 
|  | | hj used for j |  | 
|  | |} |  | |} | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | <br>'''Examples:''' 
 |  | == Additional Resources  == | 
|  |   |  | 
|  | "gjørtler" spelled as "giørtler"<br>"mann" spelled as "mand"<br>"kvinne" spelled as "quinde" 
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|  |   |  | 
|  | === ADDITIONAL RESOURCES === |  | 
|  | 
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|  | This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321.Family History Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm: |  | This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321. FamilySearch Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm:   | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | Scavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]''. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 4). |  | Scavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]''. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FS Library film 1,224,705, item 4).   | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | cavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian'']. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 3).<br><br>Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of theFamily History Library Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. |  | cavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian'']. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FS Library film 1,224,705, item 3).<br><br>Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.   | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | === KEY WORDS === |  | == Key Words  == | 
|  | 
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|  | In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.   |  | In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.   | 
| Line 170: | Line 2,479: | 
|  | For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.   |  | For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.   | 
|  | 
 |  | 
 | 
|  | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" |  | {| class="wikitable" | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | '''English'''   |  | | '''English'''   | 
| Line 178: | Line 2,487: | 
|  | | lysninger |  | | lysninger | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | birth <br> |  | | birth   | 
|  | | fødte, født |  | | fødte, født | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | burial <br> |  | | burial   | 
|  | | begravelse, jordet |  | | begravelse, jordet | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
| Line 187: | Line 2,496: | 
|  | | folketelling |  | | folketelling | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | child <br> |  | | child   | 
|  | | barn |  | | barn | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
| Line 193: | Line 2,502: | 
|  | | døbte, døbt |  | | døbte, døbt | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | clerical district |  | | clerical district   | 
|  | | prestegjeld |  | | prestegjeld | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | confirmation <br> |  | | confirmation   | 
|  | | konfirmasjon, konfirmerede |  | | konfirmasjon, konfirmerede | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
| Line 238: | Line 2,547: | 
|  | | fornavn |  | | fornavn | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
|  | | name, surname <br> |  | | name, surname   | 
|  | | etternavn |  | | etternavn | 
|  | |- |  | |- | 
| Line 260: | Line 2,569: | 
|  | |} |  | |} | 
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|  | [[Category:Norway]] [[Category:Word_List]] |  | [[Category:Norway Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List]] |