Malta Colonial Records: Difference between revisions

From FamilySearch Wiki
No edit summary
(Migrated FSC links to FSC Template.)
(73 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Malta-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
{{CountrySidebar
|Country=Malta
|Name=Malta
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Records
|Records=Colonial Records
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Malta Genealogy|Malta]]
| link1=[[Malta Genealogy|Malta]]
| link2=
| link2=
Line 8: Line 15:


== Order of Saint John Rule (1530-1798) ==
== Order of Saint John Rule (1530-1798) ==
Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily. Sicilian rule ceased when Napoleon invaded Malta in 1798.
Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily. Sicilian rule ceased when Napoleon invaded Malta in 1798.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "History of Malta under the Order of Saint John," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malta_under_the_Order_of_Saint_John, accessed 4 June 2019.</ref>
 
== French Colonization (1798-1815)==
From 1798-1800, Napoleonic France occupied Malta. Malta was able to dispel French forces in 1800 with the assistance of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Naples, and the Kingdom of Sicily.


{| width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"
{| width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"
Line 21: Line 25:
| width="35%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Who is in the records'''
| width="35%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Who is in the records'''
|-
|-
|  
| {{FSC|1215731|item|disp=The Adami collection, 1485-1868}}
|
| 1485-1868
|
| Parrochial records (marriages, baptisms, family trees, etc.)
|
| Latin & Italian
|
| Marriages collected from all of the parishes in Malta. They are in alphabetical order by surname of the bride and the groom
|-
| {{FSC|1219246|item|disp=Matrimoni in tutte le parrocchie dell'Isola (Malta), 1546-1719}}
| 1546-1719
| Marriages
| Latin & Italian
| Marriages collected from all of the parishes in Malta. They are in alphabetical order by surname of the bride and the groom
|-
| {{FSC|1219210|item|disp=Liber mortuorum, Sacra Infermeria 1677-1849}}
| 1677-1849
| Death records
| Latin & Italian
| From the Sacred Infirmary (Sacra Infermeria) in Valletta, Malta
|-
|-
|}
|}


== British Empire Colonization (1882-1956) ==
== French Colonization (1798-1800)==
Britain occupied Egypt from 1882 to 1956. British rule in Egypt is characterized by three periods: Veiled protectorate (1882-1913), Formal protectorate (1914-1922), and Continued occupation (1922-1956).<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "History of Egypt under the British," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British, accessed 26 April 2018.</ref>
From 1798-1800, Napoleonic France occupied Malta. Malta was able to dispel French forces in 1800 with the assistance of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Naples, and the Kingdom of Sicily.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "French occupation of Malta," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta, accessed 4 June 2019.</ref>
 
== British Empire Colonization (1800-1964) ==
After the French were dispelled from Malta in 1800, Malta became a British protectorate, although it officially belonged to the Kingdom of Sicily.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Malta Protectorate," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Protectorate, accessed 4 June 2019.</ref> In 1815, it became a British Crown Colony. Malta became independent on 21 September 1964.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Crown Colony of Malta," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta, accessed 4 June 2019.</ref>


{| width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"
{| width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"
Line 40: Line 59:
| width="35%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Who is in the records'''
| width="35%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Who is in the records'''
|-
|-
|[http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/articles/world-records/full-list-of-united-kingdom-records/births-marriages-and-deaths/births-and-baptisms/british-nationals-born-overseas-1818-2005 British Nationals Born Overseas 1818-2005], index and images.
| [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?country=malta&datasetname=british%20armed%20forces%20and%20overseas%20births%20and%20baptisms British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Malta] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
| 1761-2005
| Births and baptisms
| English
| Children born to those working within the armed forces, merchant navy, and consular forces, as well as, civilian ship passengers.
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180401021625/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/baptisms.htm Index of Baptism by Army Chaplains, 1800-1900], incomplete
| 1800-1900
| Baptisms
| English
|
|
|Vital records (birth)
|English
|British Nationals
|-
|-
|[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-births-and-baptisms?country=egypt British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Egypt], index and images, ($)
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180401024939/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/Baptisms1920.htm Index of Births/Baptisms by Army Chaplains, 1901-1925], incomplete
|1846-2005
| 1901-1925
|Births and baptisms
| Births and baptisms
|English
| English
|Children born to those working within the armed forces, merchant navy, and consular forces, as well as, civilian ship passengers.
|  
|-
|-
|[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-births-and-baptisms?country=africa British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Africa], index and images, ($)
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180430161222/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/british_forces_church_baptisms.htm British Forces Church Baptisms to 1925], incomplete
|1821-1965
| 1883-1925
|Births and baptisms
| Baptisms
|English
| English
|Children born to those working within the armed forces, merchant navy, and consular forces, as well as, civilian ship passengers.
| Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, and civilian babies
|-
|-
|[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-banns-and-marriages?country=egypt British Armed Forces and Overseas Banns and Marriages, Egypt ], index and images, ($)
| [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?country=malta&datasetname=british%20armed%20forces%20and%20overseas%20banns%20and%20marriages British Armed Forces and Overseas Banns and Marriages, Malta] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
|1840-2005
| 1796-1993
|Banns and Marriages
| Banns and marriages
|English
| English
|British armed forces members and civilians who were married abroad and at sea
| British armed forces members and civilians who were married abroad and at sea
|-
|-
|[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-banns-and-marriages?country=africa British Armed Forces and Overseas Banns and Marriages, Africa], index and images, ($)
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180123162330/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/chaplains.htm Marriages Recorded by Military Chaplains in Malta, 1824-1900], incomplete
|1849-1947
| 1824-1900
|Banns and Marriages
| Marriages
|English
| English
|British armed forces members and civilians who were married abroad and at sea
| Marriages performed by chaplains to the Forces in Malta that were also reported to the GRO in England.
|-
|-
|[http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/articles/world-records/full-list-of-united-kingdom-records/births-marriages-and-deaths/deaths-and-burials/british-nationals-died-overseas-1818-2005 British Nationals Died Overseas 1818-2005], index and images.
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180126145546/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/chap1900.htm Army Chaplains Register of Marriages, 1901-1930], incomplete
| 1901-1930
| Marriages
| English
|  
|  
|Vital records (death)
|English
|British Nationals
|-
|-
|[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=british+armed+forces+and+overseas+deaths+and+burials&place=egypt British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials, Egypt], index and images, ($)
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180126145145/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/maltese_brides.htm Maltese Brides], incomplete
|1833-1956
| 1790-1953
|Deaths and Burials
| Marriages
|English
| English
|Members of the British armed forces who died while serving their country overseas, British civilians who died while traveling or working overseas, and individuals (including seaman) who died at sea
| Marriages in Malta. The majority of brides were from Malta. Many of the men were members of the Royal Navy, Royal Artillery, and Royal Engineers.
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180126150925/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/mixedmarr.htm Mixed Marriages, 1801-1891], incomplete
| 1801-1891
| Marriages
| English
| "Mixed" meaning one of the parties was not Roman Catholic or not from Malta. Usually these other parties were from Britain.
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215146/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/St.Patrick's%20Church,%20Sliema%20-%20Marriages.htm St. Patrick's Church, Salesian Institute, Sliema], incomplete
| 1913-1980
| Marriages
| English
| Church/parish were many British servicemen and women chose to get married. English was the primary language used at St. Patrick's.
|-
|-
|[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=british+armed+forces+and+overseas+deaths+and+burials&place=africa British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials, Africa], index and images, ($)
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180301205133/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/barracca.htm Barracca Chapel Marriages], incomplete
|1845-1945
| 1869-1900
|Deaths and Burials
| Marriages
|English
| English
|Members of the British armed forces who died while serving their country overseas, British civilians who died while traveling or working overseas, and individuals (including seaman) who died at sea
| Chapel for British soldiers and their families
|-
|-
|[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=british+civil+service+evidence+of+age&country=egypt British Civil Service Evidence Of Age], index ($)
| [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=british+armed+forces+and+overseas+deaths+and+burials&country=malta British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials, Malta] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
|1830-1930
| 1801-2005
|Civil Service applications and paperwork
| Deaths and burials
|English
| English
|Individuals who worked for, or applied to join, the British Civil Service
| Members of the British armed forces who died while serving their country overseas, British civilians who died while traveling or working overseas, and individuals (including seaman) who died at sea.
|-
|-
|[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/82560?availability=Family%20History%20Library List of factory records of the late East India Company, preserved in the Record Department of the India Office, London]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215131/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/chaplains.htm Deaths Recorded by Army Chaplains in Malta, 1800-1900], incomplete
| 1800-1900
| Deaths
| English
| Names returned to the General Register Office in England by Military Chaplains.
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215158/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/army_chaplain1900+.htm Index of Deaths by Army Chaplains, 1901-1920], incomplete
| 1901-1920
| Deaths
| English
|
|
|Factory records
|-
|English
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180301205209/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/miller.htm Registers of Reverend J.C. Miller, 1805-1818], index
| 1805-1818
| Births, Marriages, and Deaths
| English
| People who were recorded in Reverend John Castleton Miller's Registers between 1805-1818.
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215126/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/residents4.htm British Residents, 1800-1990], incomplete
| 1800-1900
| Births, Marriages, and Deaths
| English
| Residents of Malta (Both British and other nationalities)
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722042824/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/BritishResidents1900-1979.htm British Resident, 1900-1979], incomplete
| 1900-1979
| Births, Marriages, and Deaths
| English
| Residents of Malta (Both British and other nationalities)
|-
|[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?country=malta&datasetname=british%20civil%20service%20evidence%20of%20age British Civil Service Evidence Of Age] at Findmypast - index ($)
| 1812-1935
| Civil Service applications and paperwork
| English
| Individuals who worked for, or applied to join, the British Civil Service.
|-
|[http://www.geneanum.com/malte/bases/passeports.html Passports in Malta, 1870-1940]at Geneanum, index.
| 1870-1940
| Passports and passport applications
| English
| Malta passport applicants
|-
|{{FSC|1135602|item|disp=Passports applications, 1815-1934}} at FamilySearch
| 1815-1934
| Passport applications
| English
| Malta passport applicants
|-
|{{FSC|2822599|item|disp=Passports application indexes, 1907-1988}} at FamilySearch
| 1907-1988
| Passport applications
| English
| Malta passport applicants
|-
|{{FSC|2822601|item|disp=Passport records, 1916-1990}} at FamilySearch
| 1916-1990
| Passport records
| English
| Malta passport applicants
|-
|{{FSC|2822600|item|disp=Visa indexes, 1970-1977}} at FamilySearch
| 1970-1977
| Visa indexes
| English
| Malta visa applicants
|-
|{{FSC|2822602|item|disp=Arrivals by aircraft, 1946-1957}} at FamilySearch
| 1946-1957
| Immigration records
| English
| Arrivals to Malta via aircraft
|-
|{{FSC|598407|item|disp=Pay lists of the Army Hospital Corps in Malta, Nova Scotia, St. Helena and New Zealand, 1861-1870}} at FamilySearch
| 1861-1870
| Pay lists of Army Hospital Corps (also contains names of those apprenticed, deserted from other corps, discharged, or died)
| English
| Those enlisted in Army Hospital Corps
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215154/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/britisharmy1.htm Index of British Army, 1800-1900], incomplete
| 1800-1900
| Names of British Army soldiers and their families
| English
| Names of soldiers and their families
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215218/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/british_army_1900__1979.htm Index of British Army, 1900-1979], incomplete
| 1900-1979
| Names of British Army soldiers and their families
| English
| Names of soldiers and their families
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215219/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/royalnavy2.htm Index of British Royal Navy, 1800-1900], incomplete
| 1800-1900
| Names of British Royal Navy soldiers and their families
| English
| Names of soldiers and their families
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180430162518/http://website.lineone.net/~stephaniebidmead/navy0079.htm Index of British Royal Navy, 1900-1979], incomplete
| 1900-1979
| Names of British Royal Navy soldiers and their families
| English
| Names of soldiers and their families
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215129/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/anchaplains.htm Army, Navy, and Air Force Chaplains, 1800-1960], incomplete
| 1800-1960
| Names of military chaplains
| English
| Names of military chaplains
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215126/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/maltese_merchant_seamen.htm Maltese Merchant Seaman], incomplete
| 1843-1947
| Merchant Navy names
| English
| Merchant Navy names
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215144/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/maltese_seamen_in_the_royal_navy.htm Maltese Seamen in the Royal Navy], incomplete
|
| Royal Navy Seamen names
| English
| Royal Navy Seamen names
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180722215156/http://website.lineone.net/~remosliema/Wrens.htm Women's Royal Naval Service in Malta], incomplete
|
|
| Names of women in Royal Naval Service
| English
| Names of women in Royal Naval Service
|-
| [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r?_fn=&_ln=&_occ=&_pl=&_q=Malta&_sd=&_ed=&discoveryCustomSearch=true&_cr1=PROB+11&_col=200&_hb=tna Prerogative Court of Canterbury (PCC), 1384-1858]
| Mostly from 1800-1899
| Wills
| English
| Until 1858, all wills had to be proved by the church and other courts. Most of the individuals in these records were relatively wealthy.
|-
| [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/ukforeignvitals/?count=50&keyword=Malta UK, Foreign and Overseas Registers of British Subjects, 1628-1969, Malta] at Ancestry - index ($)
| 1908-1942
| Birth, baptism, marriage, death, and burial records
| English
| Records in this collection come from a variety sources. Events include both British and non-British nationals
|-
|-
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
[[Category:Malta]]

Revision as of 14:48, 12 August 2024

Malta Wiki Topics
Flag of Malta
Malta Beginning Research
Record Types
Malta Background
Malta Genealogical Word Lists
Local Research Resources
Geographylogo.png In other languages: Malti | English

Order of Saint John Rule (1530-1798)[edit | edit source]

Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily. Sicilian rule ceased when Napoleon invaded Malta in 1798.[1]

Record collection Years covered Record type Language Who is in the records
The Adami collection, 1485-1868 1485-1868 Parrochial records (marriages, baptisms, family trees, etc.) Latin & Italian Marriages collected from all of the parishes in Malta. They are in alphabetical order by surname of the bride and the groom
Matrimoni in tutte le parrocchie dell'Isola (Malta), 1546-1719 1546-1719 Marriages Latin & Italian Marriages collected from all of the parishes in Malta. They are in alphabetical order by surname of the bride and the groom
Liber mortuorum, Sacra Infermeria 1677-1849 1677-1849 Death records Latin & Italian From the Sacred Infirmary (Sacra Infermeria) in Valletta, Malta

French Colonization (1798-1800)[edit | edit source]

From 1798-1800, Napoleonic France occupied Malta. Malta was able to dispel French forces in 1800 with the assistance of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Naples, and the Kingdom of Sicily.[2]

British Empire Colonization (1800-1964)[edit | edit source]

After the French were dispelled from Malta in 1800, Malta became a British protectorate, although it officially belonged to the Kingdom of Sicily.[3] In 1815, it became a British Crown Colony. Malta became independent on 21 September 1964.[4]

Record collection Years covered Record type Language Who is in the records
British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Malta at Findmypast - index & images ($) 1761-2005 Births and baptisms English Children born to those working within the armed forces, merchant navy, and consular forces, as well as, civilian ship passengers.
Index of Baptism by Army Chaplains, 1800-1900, incomplete 1800-1900 Baptisms English
Index of Births/Baptisms by Army Chaplains, 1901-1925, incomplete 1901-1925 Births and baptisms English
British Forces Church Baptisms to 1925, incomplete 1883-1925 Baptisms English Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, and civilian babies
British Armed Forces and Overseas Banns and Marriages, Malta at Findmypast - index & images ($) 1796-1993 Banns and marriages English British armed forces members and civilians who were married abroad and at sea
Marriages Recorded by Military Chaplains in Malta, 1824-1900, incomplete 1824-1900 Marriages English Marriages performed by chaplains to the Forces in Malta that were also reported to the GRO in England.
Army Chaplains Register of Marriages, 1901-1930, incomplete 1901-1930 Marriages English
Maltese Brides, incomplete 1790-1953 Marriages English Marriages in Malta. The majority of brides were from Malta. Many of the men were members of the Royal Navy, Royal Artillery, and Royal Engineers.
Mixed Marriages, 1801-1891, incomplete 1801-1891 Marriages English "Mixed" meaning one of the parties was not Roman Catholic or not from Malta. Usually these other parties were from Britain.
St. Patrick's Church, Salesian Institute, Sliema, incomplete 1913-1980 Marriages English Church/parish were many British servicemen and women chose to get married. English was the primary language used at St. Patrick's.
Barracca Chapel Marriages, incomplete 1869-1900 Marriages English Chapel for British soldiers and their families
British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials, Malta at Findmypast - index & images ($) 1801-2005 Deaths and burials English Members of the British armed forces who died while serving their country overseas, British civilians who died while traveling or working overseas, and individuals (including seaman) who died at sea.
Deaths Recorded by Army Chaplains in Malta, 1800-1900, incomplete 1800-1900 Deaths English Names returned to the General Register Office in England by Military Chaplains.
Index of Deaths by Army Chaplains, 1901-1920, incomplete 1901-1920 Deaths English
Registers of Reverend J.C. Miller, 1805-1818, index 1805-1818 Births, Marriages, and Deaths English People who were recorded in Reverend John Castleton Miller's Registers between 1805-1818.
British Residents, 1800-1990, incomplete 1800-1900 Births, Marriages, and Deaths English Residents of Malta (Both British and other nationalities)
British Resident, 1900-1979, incomplete 1900-1979 Births, Marriages, and Deaths English Residents of Malta (Both British and other nationalities)
British Civil Service Evidence Of Age at Findmypast - index ($) 1812-1935 Civil Service applications and paperwork English Individuals who worked for, or applied to join, the British Civil Service.
Passports in Malta, 1870-1940at Geneanum, index. 1870-1940 Passports and passport applications English Malta passport applicants
Passports applications, 1815-1934 at FamilySearch 1815-1934 Passport applications English Malta passport applicants
Passports application indexes, 1907-1988 at FamilySearch 1907-1988 Passport applications English Malta passport applicants
Passport records, 1916-1990 at FamilySearch 1916-1990 Passport records English Malta passport applicants
Visa indexes, 1970-1977 at FamilySearch 1970-1977 Visa indexes English Malta visa applicants
Arrivals by aircraft, 1946-1957 at FamilySearch 1946-1957 Immigration records English Arrivals to Malta via aircraft
Pay lists of the Army Hospital Corps in Malta, Nova Scotia, St. Helena and New Zealand, 1861-1870 at FamilySearch 1861-1870 Pay lists of Army Hospital Corps (also contains names of those apprenticed, deserted from other corps, discharged, or died) English Those enlisted in Army Hospital Corps
Index of British Army, 1800-1900, incomplete 1800-1900 Names of British Army soldiers and their families English Names of soldiers and their families
Index of British Army, 1900-1979, incomplete 1900-1979 Names of British Army soldiers and their families English Names of soldiers and their families
Index of British Royal Navy, 1800-1900, incomplete 1800-1900 Names of British Royal Navy soldiers and their families English Names of soldiers and their families
Index of British Royal Navy, 1900-1979, incomplete 1900-1979 Names of British Royal Navy soldiers and their families English Names of soldiers and their families
Army, Navy, and Air Force Chaplains, 1800-1960, incomplete 1800-1960 Names of military chaplains English Names of military chaplains
Maltese Merchant Seaman, incomplete 1843-1947 Merchant Navy names English Merchant Navy names
Maltese Seamen in the Royal Navy, incomplete Royal Navy Seamen names English Royal Navy Seamen names
Women's Royal Naval Service in Malta, incomplete Names of women in Royal Naval Service English Names of women in Royal Naval Service
Prerogative Court of Canterbury (PCC), 1384-1858 Mostly from 1800-1899 Wills English Until 1858, all wills had to be proved by the church and other courts. Most of the individuals in these records were relatively wealthy.
UK, Foreign and Overseas Registers of British Subjects, 1628-1969, Malta at Ancestry - index ($) 1908-1942 Birth, baptism, marriage, death, and burial records English Records in this collection come from a variety sources. Events include both British and non-British nationals

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Wikipedia contributors, "History of Malta under the Order of Saint John," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malta_under_the_Order_of_Saint_John, accessed 4 June 2019.
  2. Wikipedia contributors, "French occupation of Malta," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_occupation_of_Malta, accessed 4 June 2019.
  3. Wikipedia contributors, "Malta Protectorate," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Protectorate, accessed 4 June 2019.
  4. Wikipedia contributors, "Crown Colony of Malta," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta, accessed 4 June 2019.