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{{Cuba | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Cuba | |||
|Name=Cuba | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |||
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| link1=[[Caribbean|Caribbean]] | | link1=[[Caribbean|Caribbean]] | ||
| link2=[[Cuba_Genealogy|Cuba]] | | link2=[[Cuba_Genealogy|Cuba]] | ||
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| link5=[[Cuba_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | | link5=[[Cuba_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
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==Online Sources== | ==Online Sources== | ||
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=cuba&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on&count=20 New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for Cuba | |||
*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries. | *'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries. | ||
* | *{{FSC|1949739|item|disp=Registros del Consulado de España en La Habana, Cuba, Exenciones de quinta}} Records of the Consulate of Spain in Havana, Cuba, Spain, Consular Records of Emigrants | ||
*[https://www.shipindex.org/ ShipIndex Vessel Research Database] at shipindex.org - index | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/244882-redirection Los catalanes en América: Cuba] The Catalans in Cuba, e-book, indexed. | *[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/244882-redirection Los catalanes en América: Cuba] The Catalans in Cuba, e-book, indexed. | ||
*[http://www.cubagenweb.org/ships/search-pass.htm Passengers Database] at CubaGenWeb - index, [http://www.cubagenweb.org/pass.htm additional information about the database] | |||
== | ==Emigration and Immigration== | ||
<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br> | |||
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | |||
[[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]] | |||
===Immigration=== | ===Immigration=== | ||
* The native white population are nearly all descendants of the Spaniards and most non-white Cubans also have '''Spanish ancestry.''' | * The native white population are nearly all descendants of the Spaniards and most non-white Cubans also have '''Spanish ancestry.''' | ||
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*The Cuban diaspora is the exodus of over one million displaced Cubans ('''the largest community is in Miami and its metropolitan area in the United States''') following the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Other preferred countries include '''Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, Ireland, Australia, and Nicaragua.''' | *The Cuban diaspora is the exodus of over one million displaced Cubans ('''the largest community is in Miami and its metropolitan area in the United States''') following the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Other preferred countries include '''Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, Ireland, Australia, and Nicaragua.''' | ||
*The Cuban exodus is the mass emigration of Cubans from the island of Cuba after the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Throughout the exodus millions of Cubans from diverse social positions within Cuban society became disillusioned with life in Cuba and decided to emigrate in various emigration waves. | *The Cuban exodus is the mass emigration of Cubans from the island of Cuba after the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Throughout the exodus millions of Cubans from diverse social positions within Cuban society became disillusioned with life in Cuba and decided to emigrate in various emigration waves. | ||
*The first wave of emigration occurred directly after the revolution, followed by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Flights '''Freedom Flights'''] from 1965 to 1973. This was followed by the 1980 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariel_boatlift '''Mariel boatlift'''] and after 1994 the flight of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balseros '''balseros'''] emigrating by raft to '''The Bahamas, Jamaica, the Cayman Islands and, most commonly, the United States.''' | *The first wave of emigration occurred directly after the revolution, followed by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Flights '''Freedom Flights'''] from 1965 to 1973. This was followed by the 1980 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariel_boatlift '''Mariel boatlift'''] and after 1994 the flight of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balseros '''balseros'''] emigrating by raft to '''The Bahamas, Jamaica, the Cayman Islands and, most commonly, the United States.''' <ref name="CE">"Cuban exodus", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_exodus, accessed 16 June 2021.</ref> | ||
====Cuban Americans==== | ====Cuban Americans==== | ||
*Cuban immigration to regions that would eventually form the United States have a long history, beginning in the '''Spanish colonial period''' in 1565 when the '''settlement of St. Augustine''' was established by hundreds of Spanish soldiers and their families. | *Cuban immigration to regions that would eventually form the United States have a long history, beginning in the '''Spanish colonial period''' in 1565 when the '''settlement of St. Augustine''' was established by hundreds of Spanish soldiers and their families. | ||
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*In 1885, Vicente Martinez Ybor moved his cigar operations to Tampa, Florida, and designed Ybor City as a modified company town, and it quickly attracted thousands of Cuban workers from Key West and Cuba. West Tampa, founded nearby in 1892, also grew quickly. Between these communities, the Tampa Bay area's Cuban population grew from almost nothing to the '''largest in Florida'''. | *In 1885, Vicente Martinez Ybor moved his cigar operations to Tampa, Florida, and designed Ybor City as a modified company town, and it quickly attracted thousands of Cuban workers from Key West and Cuba. West Tampa, founded nearby in 1892, also grew quickly. Between these communities, the Tampa Bay area's Cuban population grew from almost nothing to the '''largest in Florida'''. | ||
*Several other small waves of Cuban emigration to the U.S. occurred in the early 20th century (1900–1959). Most settled in Florida and the northeast U.S., an estimated 100,000 Cubans arriving in that time period. | *Several other small waves of Cuban emigration to the U.S. occurred in the early 20th century (1900–1959). Most settled in Florida and the northeast U.S., an estimated 100,000 Cubans arriving in that time period. | ||
*The Cuban population officially registered in the United States for 1958 was around 125,000 people including descendants. Of these, more than 50,000 remained in the United States after the revolution of 1959. | *The Cuban population officially registered in the United States for 1958 was around 125,000 people including descendants. Of these, more than 50,000 remained in the United States after the revolution of 1959.<ref>"Cuban Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Americans, accessed 16 June 2021.</ref> | ||
*During the Cuban exile many refugees were granted special legal status by the US government, but these privileges began to be slowly removed in the 2010s. | |||
*The emigrants in the exodus known as "Cuban exiles" have come from various backgrounds in Cuban society, often reflected in the wave of emigration they participated in. | |||
*The majority of the 1,172,899 current Cuban exiles living in the United States live in '''Florida (917,033 in 2014), mainly in Miami-Dade County, where more than a third of the population is Cuban'''. | |||
*Other exiles have relocated to form substantial Cuban communities in '''New York City (16,416); Louisville, Kentucky (6,662); Houston, Texas (6,233); Los Angeles (6,056); Union City, New Jersey (4,970) and others.<ref name="CE"/> | |||
====Afro-Cuban Descendants in Africa==== | ====Afro-Cuban Descendants in Africa==== | ||
*African countries such as '''Nigeria''', the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, and '''Spanish Guinea''' experienced an influx of '''ex-slaves from Cuba brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century'''. In Spanish Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local indigenous population. | *African countries such as '''Nigeria''', the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, and '''Spanish Guinea''' experienced an influx of '''ex-slaves from Cuba brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century'''. In Spanish Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local indigenous population. | ||
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*The final years of the 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution brought a wave of '''French settlers fleeing with their Haitian slaves''' to Cuba. | *The final years of the 1791–1804 Haitian Revolution brought a wave of '''French settlers fleeing with their Haitian slaves''' to Cuba. | ||
*Later, Haitians continued to come to Cuba to work as braceros (Spanish for "manual laborers") in the fields cutting cane. Although they planned to return to Haiti, most stayed on in Cuba. <ref name="AC"/> | *Later, Haitians continued to come to Cuba to work as braceros (Spanish for "manual laborers") in the fields cutting cane. Although they planned to return to Haiti, most stayed on in Cuba. <ref name="AC"/> | ||
==Records of Italian Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | |||
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|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.] </span> | |||
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*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Jamaica Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Bahamas Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Cayman Islands Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Haiti Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Australia Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Ireland Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
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*[[Spain Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Mexico Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Venezuela Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Nicaragua Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Nigeria Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Angola Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Equatorial Guinea Emigration and Immigration]] (Spanish Guinea) | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Cuba]] | [[Category:Cuba]] | ||
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