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{{Scotland | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Scotland | |||
|Name=Scotland | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Nobility | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
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| link1=[[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]] | | link1=[[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]] | ||
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The Scottish nobility is a minority of the population, although many (if not most) Scots will have aristocratic ancestry at some point in the past. Scotland's nobility and heraldry are qualified and decided by the [[Lord Lyon]], King of Arms.<br> <br> | |||
The nobility is a class of people who had special political and social status. Nobility is inherited or granted by the crown as a reward to persons who perform a heroic deed, have a notable achievement, or hold a prominent government position. The noble class forms less than five percent of Scotland’s population. | The nobility is a class of people who had special political and social status. Nobility is inherited or granted by the crown as a reward to persons who perform a heroic deed, have a notable achievement, or hold a prominent government position. The noble class forms less than five percent of Scotland’s population. | ||
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*Baronet | *Baronet | ||
*Knight | *Knight | ||
*Esquire | *Esquire | ||
*Gentleman | *Gentleman | ||
Both peers and gentry are entitled to bear coats of arms. Younger sons had the right to use the father’s coat of arms altered with cadency, a mark showing birth order. | Both peers and gentry are entitled to bear coats of arms. Younger sons had the right to use the father’s coat of arms altered with cadency, a mark showing birth order. "Lord Provost" and "Laird" are courtesy titles in Scotland. | ||
[[Image:Scotlandarms.jpg|right|thumb|<center>Scotlandarms<center>]] | [[Image:Scotlandarms.jpg|right|thumb|<center>Scotlandarms<center>]] | ||
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Illegitimate children were not entitled to noble status and are often not shown in family pedigrees. They may, however, have been granted a title and variation of the father’s coat of arms. | Illegitimate children were not entitled to noble status and are often not shown in family pedigrees. They may, however, have been granted a title and variation of the father’s coat of arms. | ||
The records of peerage creations and related documents are kept at the Lyon Office (see [[Scotland Heraldry]]). | The records of peerage creations and related documents are kept at the Lyon Office (see [[Scotland Heraldry]]). | ||
==Historic titles== | |||
Historic titles in Scotland include the following: | |||
* Righ or ri (Gaelic, literally "king") - the sovereign of the nation was the Ard-Righ or High King. Sub-national Lords were also known as "righ" sometimes, such as the Lords of Galloway | |||
* Mormaer or High Steward- a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a Toiseach (chieftain). This term was generally superseded by earl. | |||
* Steward or Stewart - ruler of a stewartry (maoirne or mearns) | |||
* Thane - In Scotland this was sometimes used as the equiv | |||
* Toiseach - a chief or chieftain. This was often the ruler of a clan or family group, especially in the Highlands. | |||
* Laird - the landowner of a large estate. This is generally a courtesy title. | |||
* Bonnet laird - a minor landowner. | |||
==Clan titles== | |||
* Chief of the name and arms - a paramount chief | |||
* Clan chief (Gaelic: ceannard cinnidh) | |||
* Chieftain (Gaelic: ceann-cinnidh) - runs a sept or branch. | |||
* Cadet | |||
* Duniwassal (Gaelic: duine uasal) - a gentleman. | |||
== Accessing the Records == | == Accessing the Records == | ||
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Burke's Peerage was established in London in 1826 as the "definitive guide to the genealogy and heraldry of the Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Landed Gentry of the United Kingdom."<ref>Burke's Peerage, "Burke's Peerage," 2018, www.burkespeerage.com, accessed 2 August 2018.</ref> While some of these books can only be accessed in print, many have been digitized and are available online. | Burke's Peerage was established in London in 1826 as the "definitive guide to the genealogy and heraldry of the Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Landed Gentry of the United Kingdom."<ref>Burke's Peerage, "Burke's Peerage," 2018, www.burkespeerage.com, accessed 2 August 2018.</ref> While some of these books can only be accessed in print, many have been digitized and are available online. | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage#Online_Editions Wikipedia: Burke's Peerage Online Editions] - contains links to the online volumes (on Hathitrust) | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage#Online_Editions Wikipedia: Burke's Peerage Online Editions] - contains links to the online volumes (on Hathitrust) | ||
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8487&geo_a=r&o_iid=62817&o_lid=62817&o_sch=Web+Property Burke's Peerage and Baronetage Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary, Vol 2] ($) index | *[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8487&geo_a=r&o_iid=62817&o_lid=62817&o_sch=Web+Property Burke's Peerage and Baronetage Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary, Vol 2] ($) index & images | ||
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1860 Burke’s Family Records (Indexed)] ($) index | *[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1860 Burke’s Family Records (Indexed)] ($) index & images | ||
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=34767 Burke's Peerage Baronetage and Knightage - 1881] ($) images | *[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=34767 Burke's Peerage Baronetage and Knightage - 1881] ($) images | ||
*[http://www.burkespeerage.com/search.php Burke's Peerage Search] (index free, but subscription needed to view image) | *[http://www.burkespeerage.com/search.php Burke's Peerage Search] (index free, but subscription needed to view image) | ||
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{{Place|Scotland}} | {{Place|Scotland}} | ||
[[Category:Scotland Heraldry]] | [[Category:Scotland Heraldry]][[Category:Scotland]][[Category:Nobility]] | ||
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