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{{Native American Genealogy Sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Genealogy]]
| link3=
| link4=
| link5=[[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]
}}
== Online Records ==
*'''1848-1970''' {{RecordSearch|2796818|United States, Native American, Eastern Cherokee Indian Reservation Rolls, 1848-1970}} at FamilySearch — images
*'''1896''': [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1238 US Native American Applications for Enrollment in Five Civilized Tribes (overturned)] at Ancestry; index & images ($)
*'''1898-1914''': {{RecordSearch|1852353|Oklahoma Applications for Enrollment to the Five Civilized Tribes}} at FamilySearch; index & images
*'''1898-1914''' {{RecordSearch|5000088|United States, Native American, Five Civilized Tribes Enrollment Records, 1898-1914}} at FamilySearch — [[United States, Native American, Five Civilized Tribes Enrollment Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1898-1914''': [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60543 Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S., Dawes Census Cards for Five Civilized Tribes] at Ancestry; index & images ($)
*'''1898-1914''': [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20311/oklahoma-dawes-final-rolls-1898-1914?s=275764761 Oklahoma Dawes Final Rolls] at MyHeritage; index & images ($)
*'''1898-1914''': [http://research.archives.gov/description/300321 The Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory] at National Archives; images only
*'''1898-1914''': [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/final-rolls.htm Dawes Final Rolls] at AccessGenealogy
*'''1898-1914''': [http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawes Dawes Final Rolls] at Oklahoma Historical Society; index only
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/final-rolls-index.htm Dawes Final Rolls Index] at AccessGenealogy
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/rolls/final-rolls.html Index to the Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory (Dawes)] at National Archives; eBook
== History  ==
== History  ==
The Five Civilized tribes were the '''Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek''' and '''Seminole'''. They had Freedmen who were former [[African American Genealogy|African American]] slaves of tribal members or descendants of former slaves living among them. Dawes Rolls and Removal records are two of the available records for researching members of these tribes. <div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Native American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div><br>Click this button for links to databases, indexes, or sites that help you find an American Indian ancestor by topic or tribe.<br><br><br>
{{TOC left}}


The Five Civilized Tribes consist of the [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee,]] [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw]], [[Creek Indians|Creek]], and [[Seminole Indians|Seminole]] Indian Tribes.  
The Five Civilized Tribes consist of the [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee,]] [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw]], [[Creek Indians|Creek]], and [[Seminole Indians|Seminole]] Indian Tribes.  
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They became commonly referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes......  
They became commonly referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes......  


These tribes had Freedmen who were former African American slaves of tribal members or descendants of former slaves living among them.  
These tribes had Freedmen who were former [[African American Research|African American]] slaves of tribal members or descendants of former slaves living among them.  


== Records  ==
== Records  ==


=== '''Enrollment Records''' ===
=== Enrollment Records  ===


'''[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]].'''  
'''[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]].'''  


In 1893 Congress established a commission to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for new land allotments to individuals in Oklahoma. The ''Commission to the Five Civilized tribes ''was called the ''[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]]'' after its chairman, Senator Dawes. More than 250,000 people applied to this commission for enrollment and land. Just over 100,000 were approved.  
In 1893 Congress established a commission to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for new land allotments to individuals in Oklahoma. The ''Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes ''was called the ''[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]]'' after its chairman, Senator Dawes. More than 250,000 people applied to this commission for enrollment and land. Just over 100,000 were approved.  


The Dawes Rolls are very important for Native American Research for anyone who has native american ancestors who were from the five civilized tribes. The Dawes Rolls were and still are used to determine if people were native american or not.  
The Dawes Rolls are very important for Native American Research for anyone who has native American ancestors who were from the five civilized tribes. The Dawes Rolls were and still are used to determine if people were Native American or not.  


The following is a description of the Dawes Rolls from the website:  
The following is a description of the Dawes Rolls from the website:  


[http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/tutorial/dawes/ '''http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/tutorial/dawes/''']  
:[http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/tutorial/dawes/ '''http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/tutorial/dawes/''']<br><br>
<div>The Dawes Rolls, also known as the "Final Rolls", are the lists of individuals who were accepted as eligible for tribal membership in the "Five Civilized Tribes": Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. The Rolls contain more than 101,000 names from 1898-1914 (primarily from 1899-1906). They can be searched to discover the enrollee's name, sex, blood degree, and census card number. </div><div>
 
The Dawes Rolls, also known as the "Final Rolls", are the lists of individuals who were accepted as eligible for tribal membership in the "Five Civilized Tribes": Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. The Rolls contain more than 101,000 names from 1898-1914 (primarily from 1899-1906). They can be searched to discover the enrollee's name, sex, blood degree, and census card number.  
<div>
The census card may provide additional genealogical information, and may also contain references to earlier rolls, such as the 1880 Cherokee census. A census card was generally accompanied by an "application jacket". The jackets then sometimes contain valuable supporting documentation, such as birth and death affidavits, marriage licenses, and correspondence. Today these five tribes continue to use the Dawes Rolls as the basis for determining tribal membership. They usually require applicants to provide proof of descent from a person who is listed on these rolls.  
The census card may provide additional genealogical information, and may also contain references to earlier rolls, such as the 1880 Cherokee census. A census card was generally accompanied by an "application jacket". The jackets then sometimes contain valuable supporting documentation, such as birth and death affidavits, marriage licenses, and correspondence. Today these five tribes continue to use the Dawes Rolls as the basis for determining tribal membership. They usually require applicants to provide proof of descent from a person who is listed on these rolls.  
</div><div>
 
The following site will give you a step-by-step example of what you can find using the Dawes Rolls at the Family History Library. In this example, the name of the person is George Guess and he is from the Cherokee tribe.  
The following site will give you a step-by-step example of what you can find using the Dawes Rolls at the FamilySearch Library. In this example, the name of the person is George Guess and he is from the Cherokee tribe.  
</div><div>
 
To go to this site, click on '''[http://dawesrolls.blogspot.com Dawes Rolls]'''.  
To go to this site, click on '''[http://dawesrolls.blogspot.com Dawes Rolls]'''.  
</div><div>
 
==== '''Content of the Records'''  ====
'''See also:'''
</div><div>
 
*[[Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]]
*[[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]]
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]]
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes]]
*[[American Indian Enrollment Records]]
 
 
=== '''Content of the Records'''  ===
 
'''''Enrollment Cards''''' (also called census cards) include residence, roll numbers, names of family members, relationships, ages, sex, degree of Indian, enrollment date, place and number, parents and their enrollment date or plane, spouses, divorces, children or grandchildren. This is one page of information.  
'''''Enrollment Cards''''' (also called census cards) include residence, roll numbers, names of family members, relationships, ages, sex, degree of Indian, enrollment date, place and number, parents and their enrollment date or plane, spouses, divorces, children or grandchildren. This is one page of information.  
</div><div>
 
'''''Applications for enrollment'''''include name, address, date of letter, file number, date received, subject, and action taken. Letters are with the applications. Applications are usually the most valuable. Sometimes they can contain a hundred pages.  
'''''Applications for enrollment'''''include name, address, date of letter, file number, date received, subject, and action taken. Letters are with the applications. Applications are usually the most valuable. Sometimes they can contain a hundred pages.  
</div><div style="float: left; width: 100%">
'''''Letter Logs '''include affidavits, vital records, letters, questionnaires, and decisions mentioning relatives, dates, and places.''


'''''Letter Logs'''include affidavits, vital records, letters, questionnaires, and decisions mentioning relatives, dates, and places.''
[[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]] This is a list of Eastern Cherokees who applied for money awarded in 1905 because of a law suit.  


[[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]] This is a list of Eastern Cherokees who applied for money awarded in 1905 because of a law suit.  
=== Military Records  ===
 
Pompey, Sherman Lee. Genealogical Records on the Confederate Indian Troops {{FSC|58574|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 P772g and Microfiche 6049323}}


=== Removal Records<br> ===
=== Removal Records  ===


The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act instiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.  
The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.  


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" width="249"
{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | Nation  
! scope="col" | Nation  
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" | Removal Treaty  
Removal  
 
Treaty  
 
! scope="col" | Years of Emigration  
! scope="col" | Years of Emigration  
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" | Population Before Removal
Population
! scope="col" | Number Emigrated
! scope="col" | Deaths
! scope="col" | Number stayed in Southeast
! scope="col" | Information of Interest
|-
|  
'''Choctaw'''


Before Removal
'''Chiefs''': Nitakechi, Mushulatubbe, Thomas Leflore, and George W. Hawkins


! scope="col" |  
|  
Number
[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cho0310.htm Dancing Rabbit Creek] September 27, 1830
 
Emigrated
 
! scope="col" | Deaths
! scope="col" |
Number


stayed in Sourtheast
'''Government Leaders over removal''':Col. Childress, Maj. William Armstrong, Capt. J. B. Clark, Lt. Stephen Van Rensselaer Ryan, Capt. Jacob Brown, George S. Gaines, John H. Eaton, Wharton Rector, F.W. Armstrong, David Folsom


! scope="col" | Information of Interest
|-
| Choctaw
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cho0310.htm Dancing Rabbit Creek] September 27, 1830
| 1831-1836  
| 1831-1836  
|  
|  
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| When the tribe reached Little Rock the Choctaw chief stated to the ''Arkansas Gazette ''that the removal was a "trail of tears and death"<br>
| When the tribe reached Little Rock the Choctaw chief stated to the ''Arkansas Gazette ''that the removal was a "trail of tears and death"<br>
|-
|-
| Seminole  
| '''Seminole'''
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sem0344.htm Payne's Landing] May 9,1832  
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sem0344.htm Payne's Landing] May 9,1832  
| 1832-1842  
| 1832-1842  
Line 88: Line 119:
| Left Florida and crossed the Gulf of Mexico into New Orleans
| Left Florida and crossed the Gulf of Mexico into New Orleans
|-
|-
| Creek  
| '''Creek'''
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm Cusseta] March 24,1832  
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm Cusseta] March 24,1832  
| 1834-1837  
| 1834-1837  
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| -
| -
|-
|-
| Cherokee  
| '''Cherokee'''
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/che0439.htm New Echota] December 29,1835  
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/che0439.htm New Echota] December 29,1835  
| 1836-1838  
| 1836-1838  
Line 109: Line 140:
''Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831''  
''Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831''  


<br>''Worchester v. Georgia, 1832''  
''Worchester v. Georgia, 1832''  


|-
|-
| Chickawaw
|  
| [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/chi0356.htm Pontotoc Creek] October 20, 1832  
'''Chickasaw'''
 
'''Chiefs:''' Chief Sealy, Chief Ishtahotapa
 
|  
[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/chi0356.htm Pontotoc Creek] October 20, 1832  
 
'''Government Leaders over Removal:''' A.M.M. Upshaw, John M. Millard, W.R. Guy, Joe A. Phillips, and Dr. C.G. Keenan
 
| 1837-1847  
| 1837-1847  
| 4,914 +1,156 Black Slaves  
| 4,914 +1,156 Black Slaves  
Line 122: Line 161:
|}
|}


References (see also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_removal &nbsp;chart])
== Websites  ==


1. Anderson, William L., ed. ''Cherokee Removal: Before and After''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8203-1482-X.  
[http://www.voy.com/198885/ Five Civilized Tribes Genealogy Forum] by Voy Forums This board is open for families and tribes of the Five Civilized Nations and others who lived in the Southern Woodlands Cultrue Area (south of Ohio River, east of Mississippi River, tribes of coastal Virginia and the Carolinias north of Cape Fear.) Tribes include: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw and Seminole as well as Saponi, Monacan, [[Catawba Indians|Catawba]], Okmulgee, Alabama,[[Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe of Louisiana|Biloxi]], Pascagoula, [[Natchez Indians|Natchez]], Calusa, Apalachee, Houma, etc.  


2. Ehle, John. ''Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation''. New York: Doubleday, 1988. ISBN 0-385-23953-X
Another page by Voy:  


3. Foreman, Grant. ''Indian Removal: the Emigration of&nbsp;the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1932, 11th printing 1989. ISBN 0-8061-1172-0
[http://www.voy.com/105263/ American Indian Genealogy Forum] by Voy Forums is a Free Service from Boyager Info-Systems


4.Prucha, Francis Paul. ''The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians''. Voulme I. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8032-3668-9.
== For Further Reading  ==


<br>
*Lennon, Rachal Mills. ''Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. {{FSC|1038175|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 L548t}}.
<div></div>
== Web sites  ==


== References  ==
== References  ==


=== Bibliography  ===
See also: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_removal#Southern_removals Southern removals chart in Wikipedia].
</div>  
 
[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]]
1. Anderson, William L., ed. ''Cherokee Removal: Before and After''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8203-1482-X.
 
2. Ehle, John. ''Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation''. New York: Doubleday, 1988. ISBN 0-385-23953-X
 
3. Foreman, Grant. ''Indian Removal: the Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1932, 11th printing 1989. ISBN 0-8061-1172-0
4.Prucha, Francis Paul. ''The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians''. Volume I. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8032-3668-9. {{reflist}} {{Native American nav}}{{-}} </div>  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
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