(Removed TOC (will be adde back in the correct place later).) Tag: Manual revert |
m (Text replacement - "Cape Verde" to "Cabo Verde") |
||
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
*There are also connections with Portuguese communities in the Pacific Northwest in '''Astoria, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada''' as well. | *There are also connections with Portuguese communities in the Pacific Northwest in '''Astoria, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada''' as well. | ||
*After World War II, there was another wave of Portuguese immigration to the country, '''mainly in the northeastern United States (New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Maryland)''', and also in California. Many were fleeing the right-wing dictatorship of Antonio Salazar. | *After World War II, there was another wave of Portuguese immigration to the country, '''mainly in the northeastern United States (New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Maryland)''', and also in California. Many were fleeing the right-wing dictatorship of Antonio Salazar. | ||
*Many Portuguese Americans may include descendants of '''Portuguese settlers born in Africa (like Angola, | *Many Portuguese Americans may include descendants of '''Portuguese settlers born in Africa (like Angola, Cabo Verde, and Mozambique) and Asia (mostly Macanese people), as well Oceania (Timor-Leste). ''' | ||
*In 1957–58, the Capelinhos volcano erupted on the '''Azorean island of Faial''', causing massive destruction from lava and smoke. The U.S. responded with the Azorean Refugee Act, making 1,500 visas available to the victims of the eruption.<ref name="PA">"Portuguese Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Americans, avvessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | *In 1957–58, the Capelinhos volcano erupted on the '''Azorean island of Faial''', causing massive destruction from lava and smoke. The U.S. responded with the Azorean Refugee Act, making 1,500 visas available to the victims of the eruption.<ref name="PA">"Portuguese Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Americans, avvessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | ||
| Line 119: | Line 119: | ||
*In 1878, Portuguese migration to Hawaii began with laborers from '''Madeira and the Azores''' to work in the sugarcane plantations. (Sugarcane had been the mainstay of the economy in Madeira and the Azores for over 400 years, and most of the population was involved in one way or another in the sugarcane industry.) By the end of 1911, nearly 16,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived. | *In 1878, Portuguese migration to Hawaii began with laborers from '''Madeira and the Azores''' to work in the sugarcane plantations. (Sugarcane had been the mainstay of the economy in Madeira and the Azores for over 400 years, and most of the population was involved in one way or another in the sugarcane industry.) By the end of 1911, nearly 16,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived. | ||
*Labor contracts paid for the migration of entire families. This was enticing for families looking to migrate without the means or the desire to migrate in stages. | *Labor contracts paid for the migration of entire families. This was enticing for families looking to migrate without the means or the desire to migrate in stages. | ||
*Prior to independence in 1975, many ''' | *Prior to independence in 1975, many '''Cabo Verdeans''' emigrated to Hawaii from drought-stricken Portuguese Cabo Verde, formerly an overseas province of Portugal. Because these people arrived using their Portuguese passports, they were registered as '''Portuguese immigrants'''. | ||
*By the end of 191,1 almost 16,000 Portuguese had arrived. Many Portuguese later emigrated to the '''mainland United States, particularly California''', in search of equality and opportunity. Though many left, many stayed and by 1910 Portuguese residents made up 11.6% of the population of Hawaii. | *By the end of 191,1 almost 16,000 Portuguese had arrived. Many Portuguese later emigrated to the '''mainland United States, particularly California''', in search of equality and opportunity. Though many left, many stayed and by 1910 Portuguese residents made up 11.6% of the population of Hawaii. | ||
*A large amount of mingling took place between '''Chinese and Portuguese''' in Hawaii. There were very few marriages between European and Chinese people with the majority being between Portuguese and Chinese people. <ref name="PA" /><ref>"Portuguese immigration to Hawaii, in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_immigration_to_Hawaii, accessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | *A large amount of mingling took place between '''Chinese and Portuguese''' in Hawaii. There were very few marriages between European and Chinese people with the majority being between Portuguese and Chinese people. <ref name="PA" /><ref>"Portuguese immigration to Hawaii, in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_immigration_to_Hawaii, accessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | ||
| Line 170: | Line 170: | ||
[[Luxembourg Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Portuguese | [[Luxembourg Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Portuguese | ||
*Although estimates of the total Portuguese Luxembourg population vary, in 2013 there were 82,363 people in Luxembourg with Portuguese nationality. They constitute 16.1% of the population of Luxembourg, making them the largest group of foreigner citizens living in the country. Prior to 1975, ''' | *Although estimates of the total Portuguese Luxembourg population vary, in 2013 there were 82,363 people in Luxembourg with Portuguese nationality. They constitute 16.1% of the population of Luxembourg, making them the largest group of foreigner citizens living in the country. Prior to 1975, '''Cabo Verdean immigrants''' were registered as Portuguese immigrants from the overseas province of Portuguese Cabo Verde. | ||
*From 1875 onwards, Luxembourg's economy relied upon the immigration of cheap labour of mostly Italians to work in the country's steel mills and to counter the natural demographic decline of the native Luxembourgish population. The mid-1960s saw the arrival of the first Portuguese guest workers (including | *From 1875 onwards, Luxembourg's economy relied upon the immigration of cheap labour of mostly Italians to work in the country's steel mills and to counter the natural demographic decline of the native Luxembourgish population. The mid-1960s saw the arrival of the first Portuguese guest workers (including Cabo Verdeans, who also had Portuguese citizenship). At the time, Portugal was ruled as a nationalist authoritarian conservative regime, and an economic downturn coincided with the so-called 'Academic Crisis' and deteriorating conditions in Portugal's colonies to put further pressure on many young Portuguese people to emigrate. | ||
*The two countries signed a treaty in Lisbon in 1970 to allow family unification. | *The two countries signed a treaty in Lisbon in 1970 to allow family unification. | ||
*When Portugal entered the European Economic Community in 1986, Portuguese citizens were to be guaranteed the same rights to the labor market as Luxembourgish citizens.<ref>"Portuguese Luxembourger", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Luxembourger, accessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | *When Portugal entered the European Economic Community in 1986, Portuguese citizens were to be guaranteed the same rights to the labor market as Luxembourgish citizens.<ref>"Portuguese Luxembourger", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Luxembourger, accessed 30 May 2021.</ref> | ||
edits