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Since around the 9th century, English has been written in the [[Latin alphabet]], which replaced Anglo-Saxon runes. The spelling system, or {{wpd|orthography}}, is multilayered, with elements of French, Latin and Greek spelling on top of the native Germanic system; it has grown to vary significantly from the {{wpd|phonology}} of the language. The spelling of words often diverges considerably from how they are spoken. | Since around the 9th century, English has been written in the [[Latin alphabet]], which replaced Anglo-Saxon runes. The spelling system, or {{wpd|orthography}}, is multilayered, with elements of French, Latin and Greek spelling on top of the native Germanic system; it has grown to vary significantly from the {{wpd|phonology}} of the language. The spelling of words often diverges considerably from how they are spoken. | ||
The following image shows the simplified relationship between various scripts leading to the development of modern lower case of standard Latin alphabet used in [[England]] and that of the modern variants, fraktur (used in [[Germany]] until recently) and gaelic ([[Ireland]]). | __TOC__ | ||
The following image shows the simplified relationship between various scripts leading to the development of modern lower case of standard Latin alphabet used in [[England Genealogy|England]] and that of the modern variants, fraktur (used in [[Germany Genealogy|Germany]] until recently) and gaelic ([[Ireland Genealogy|Ireland]]). | |||
[[File:Evolution of minuscule.png|thumb|none|640px|Simplified relationship between various scripts]] | [[File:Evolution of minuscule.png|thumb|none|640px|Simplified relationship between various scripts]] | ||
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Some English words retain diacritics to distinguish them from others, such as resumé, exposé, lamé, öre, pâté, piqué, and ''rosé'', though these are sometimes also dropped (for example, melée/melee and ''résumé/{{Typo|res|umé}}''<!-- Please do not change this to "résumé/résumé", as using only one diacritical mark is acceptable, which is what this is illustrating. -->, is often spelt ''resume'' in the United States (as the US equivalent of ''curriculum vitae''). To clarify pronunciation, a small number of loanwords may employ a diacritic that does not appear in the original word, such as ''maté'', from Spanish ''yerba mate'', or ''Malé'', the capital of the [[Maldives]], following the French usage. | Some English words retain diacritics to distinguish them from others, such as resumé, exposé, lamé, öre, pâté, piqué, and ''rosé'', though these are sometimes also dropped (for example, melée/melee and ''résumé/{{Typo|res|umé}}''<!-- Please do not change this to "résumé/résumé", as using only one diacritical mark is acceptable, which is what this is illustrating. -->, is often spelt ''resume'' in the United States (as the US equivalent of ''curriculum vitae''). To clarify pronunciation, a small number of loanwords may employ a diacritic that does not appear in the original word, such as ''maté'', from Spanish ''yerba mate'', or ''Malé'', the capital of the [[Maldives]], following the French usage. | ||
== Secretary Hand == | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/indexing/help/handwriting#!/lang=en&title=Alphabet%20(Secretary%20Hand) Secretary Handwriting] | |||
==Case comparison== | ==Case comparison== | ||
Here is a comparison of the upper case ({{wpd|majuscule}}) and lower case ({{wpd|minuscule}}) versions of each letter used in the English language. The exact representation will vary according to the {{wpd|font}} used. | Here is a comparison of the upper case ({{wpd|majuscule}}) and lower case ({{wpd|minuscule}}) versions of each letter used in the English language. The exact representation will vary according to the {{wpd|font}} used. | ||
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== | == Resources == | ||
* [[Old English Handwriting | * [[Online Helps for Reading Old English Handwriting]] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/english-handwriting/introduction BYU Script Tutorial] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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{{Place|England}} | {{Place|England}} | ||
[[Category:England | [[Category:England Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Handwriting]] | ||