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Most old records are handwritten. As you search old documents trying to find information for your ancestors,
==Introduction==
you may come across a handwritten record that seems impossible to read. Do not get discouraged. There are
This article will help you learn how to read Greek handwritten records. It will help you become familiar with variations of handwritten letters of the Greek alphabet, and the difference of records kept in various parts of Greece.  You will see the Greek alphabet typed and handwritten.  
ways to get familiar with handwriting of individuals. Some suggestions follow:
===Two Lists of the Most Common Greek Words Used in Genealogy===
LETTERS
*One list includes words of the old Greek language ('''Kathareuousa'''). This old language was used on all documents until 1980, and is still in use today by the Greek Orthodox Church in Greece and in other countries.  
*Try to recognize one letter at a time. In the samples that follow here, over each handwritten letter has
**[[Media:Greek Word List.pdf|'''Greek Word List: Words Used in Old Records (Kathareuousa)''']] shows the most common genealogical words, with handwritten versions.
been typed its corresponding printed letter.
**For a more complete list of '''Greek genealogical words (Kathareuousa)''' visit the [[Reading Greek Old Handwriting Made Easy#Chapter 10 The LANGUAGE--Link|'''Family History Research in Greece, 3rd edition Chapter 10 THE LANGUAGE p.135.''']]
*Try to find in the document something that you already know, such as the date or the name of the place
*The other list includes words of the modern Greek language ('''Demotic'''). This list of words of the modern language will help you when you want to read a letter or the writings behind photographs sent from Greece.  
where the record was created. This will help you recognize the letters of this particular writing.
**[[Greek Genealogical Word List|'''Greek Genealogical Word List (Demotic)''']]
*If you do not know the date, check in other places of the document where this may appear such as at the
 
bottom, next to the signature(s) where the date or the place are repeated; maybe they appear clearer
===Greek Given Names===
there.
*A list of the most common Greek given names is also included, to help you recognize them when you see them handwritten in a document.  
*If you do not know the place, maybe it appears on the heading of the document where the name of the
**[[Media:Greek Given Name List 2.pdf|'''Several Greek Given Names in Handwriting''']] Not every name is given in handwriting. By becoming familiar with the names in this list, you will develop the skills to read the additional names in the following list.
place is usually printed
*For more given names visit the [[Reading Greek Old Handwriting Made Easy#Appendix A GLOSSARY--Link| '''Family History Research in Greece, 3rd edition Appendix B.''']]
*You may want to take note and maybe make a list of the letters that you have recognized so you can
 
refer to this list later .
===How to Use the Handwriting Samples===
*[[Media:Lica1.pdf|Reading Old Handwriting Made Easy]]
Included here are samples of handwritten records of the 1800’s and 1700’s. Each record appears in two copies. One copy has over each handwritten word the word typed. The other copy has each letter typed. This will help you become familiar with the handwriting of the recorder. Some of these samples were chosen from vital records and some from electoral correspondence of the 1843-1865. This will help you become familiar with the handwriting of the person who wrote each letter, who was the clerk of a municipality acting also as recorder of vital records of the towns that belonged to this municipality.
*[[Media:Lica2.pdf|Identifying Handwriting Letters]]
 
*SAMPLES OF DOCUMENTS<br>Some copies of old Greek documents are used here as samples, to assist you in recognizing the Greek old handwriting. Each document appears in two copies. The first copy of the document has over each word typed the same word. The second copy of the same document has over each letter the same letter typed. This will help in recognizing each letter of this particular handwriting. The various samples that are included here, have each of them a different handwriting, and are of various periods of time. Several samples have been used because the more individual handwritings you get familiar with, the easier you will recognize another person’s handwriting.
==Letters==
**[[Media:Lica4.pdf|KERKYRA BIRTH 1822 by word]]
===Lesson One:Tips===
**[[Media:Lica5.pdf|KERKYRA BIRTH 1822 by letter]]
{|
**[[Media:Lica6.pdf|Birth Index 1860 by word]]
|-
**[[Media:Lica7.pdf|Birth Index 1860 by letter]]
|style="width:40%; vertical-align:top"|
**[[Media:Lica8.pdf|FTHIOTIS ELECTORAL 1862 by word]]
*Try to recognize one letter at a time. In the samples that follow here, over each handwritten letter has been typed its corresponding printed letter.<br><br>
**[[Media:Lica9.pdf|FTHIOTIS ELECTORAL 1862 by letter]]
 
**[[Media:Lica10.pdf|ATHENS BIRTH 1908 by word]]
*Try to find in the document something that you already know, such as the date or the name of the place where the record was created. This will help you recognize the letters of this particular writing.<br><br>
**[[Media:Lica11.pdf|ATHENS BIRTH 1908 by letter]]
 
**[[Media:Lica12.pdf|FTHIOTIDOS ELECTORAL 1843 by word]]
*If you do not know the date, check in other places of the document where this may appear such as at the bottom, next to the signature(s) where the date or the place are repeated; maybe they appear clearer there.<br><br>
**[[Media:Lica13.pdf|FTHIOTIDOS ELECTORAL 1843 by letter]]
 
**[[Media:Lica14.pdf|MAKRAKOMIS ELECTORAL 1843 by word]]
*If you do not know the place, maybe it appears on the heading of the document where the name of the place is usually printed.<br><br>
**[[Media:Lica15.pdf|MAKRAKOMIS ELECTORAL 1843 by letter]]
 
**[[Media:Lica16.pdf|ATHENS DEATH 1884 by word]]
*You may want to take note and maybe make a list of the letters that you have recognized so you can refer to this list later.
**[[Media:Lica17.pdf|ATHENS DEATH 1884 by letter]]
===Lesson Two:===
**[[Media:Lica18.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1872 by word]]
[[Media:Lica1.pdf|'''Reading Old Greek Handwriting Made Easy''']]<br>
**[[Media:Lica19.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1872 by letter]]
'''This handout will teach you to read:'''
**[[Media:Lica20.pdf|PTELEOS ELECTORAL 1856 by word]]
*Combination of letters
**[[Media:Lica21.pdf|PTELEOS ELECTORAL 1856 by letter]]
*Variation of letters
**[[Media:Lica22.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1873 by word]]
*Abbreviation of names
**[[Media:Lica23.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1873 by letter]]
*Abbreviation of words
*Abbreviation of months
*Prefix of names
*Numbers
|style="width:40%; text-align:left"|
[[File:Greek handwriting large.png|thumb|right|500px]]
|
|}
 
===Lesson Three:===
[[Media:Lica2.pdf|'''Identifying Greek Handwriting Letters''']]<br>
'''This handout will teach you to read:'''
*Substitutes of letters
*Aspiration marks
*Words within phrases
*Numbers
----
 
==Samples of Documents: Certificates==
===Birth Certificate===
[[File:Birth Certificate3.jpg|1100px]]
 
===Marriage Certificate===
[[File:Screen Shot 2020-08-17 at 11.46.25 PM.png|1100px]]
 
===Death Certificate===
[[File:Screen Shot 2020-08-17 at 11.46.45 PM.png|1100px]]
 
==Samples of Documents: A Variety of Documents==
*Some copies of old Greek documents are used here as samples, to assist you in recognizing the Greek old handwriting. Each document appears in two copies. The first copy of the document has over each word typed the same word. The second copy of the same document has over each letter the same letter typed. This will help in recognizing each letter of this particular handwriting. The various samples that are included here, have each of them a different handwriting, and are of various periods of time. Several samples have been used because the more individual handwritings you get familiar with, the easier you will recognize another person’s handwriting.
{|
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica4.pdf|KERKYRA BIRTH 1822 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica5.pdf|KERKYRA BIRTH 1822 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:6 Birth Index 1860 typed words (2).pdf|Birth Index 1860 by word]]
|
[[Media:7 Birth Index 1860 typed letters (2).pdf|Birth Index 1860 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica8.pdf|FTHIOTIS ELECTORAL 1862 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica9.pdf|FTHIOTIS ELECTORAL 1862 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica10.pdf|ATHENS BIRTH 1908 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica11.pdf|ATHENS BIRTH 1908 by letter]]
|-
|style="padding-right:50px"|
*[[Media:Lica12.pdf|FTHIOTIDOS ELECTORAL 1843 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica13.pdf|FTHIOTIDOS ELECTORAL 1843 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica14.pdf|MAKRAKOMIS ELECTORAL 1843 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica15.pdf|MAKRAKOMIS ELECTORAL 1843 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica16.pdf|ATHENS DEATH 1884 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica17.pdf|ATHENS DEATH 1884 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica18.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1872 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica19.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1872 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica20.pdf|PTELEOS ELECTORAL 1856 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica21.pdf|PTELEOS ELECTORAL 1856 by letter]]
|-
|
*[[Media:Lica22.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1873 by word]]
|
[[Media:Lica23.pdf|HALKIS DEATH 1873 by letter]]
|}
 
==Translating the Records==
For help translating the records into English, see all the help available in [[Family History Research in Greece, 3rd edition|'''Family History Research in Greece, 3rd edition:''']] Here are some important instructions and word lists.<br>
 
==[[Media:Lica Catsakis 10 The Language.pdf|Chapter 10 The LANGUAGE--Link]]==
 
It’s All Greek to Me ............................................................................................... 127 
 
How to Work With the Language .......................................................................... 127 
 
The Alphabet ........................................................................................................ 128
:Diacritic Marks ................................................................................................ 128
About Transliteration ............................................................................................. 129 
::Transliteration Chart – The Simple Transliteration System........................ 130 
 
Pronunciation......................................................................................................... 131
:Diphthongs....................................................................................................... 131
:Digraphs........................................................................................................... 131
The Handwriting..................................................................................................... 132 
 
Grammar ............................................................................................................... 132 
 
Greek Genealogical Word List............................................................................... 133
:Key Words........................................................................................................ 133
:Words Indicating Relation ................................................................................ 133
:Words Indicating Birth ...................................................................................... 133
:Words Indicating Status of Birth ....................................................................... 133
:Words Indicating Baptism ................................................................................. 134
:Words Indicating Marriage ................................................................................ 134
:Words Indicating Death ..................................................................................... 134
:Colorful Expressions for death .......................................................................... 134
:Words Indicating Burial...................................................................................... 134
:Words Indicating Types of Records .................................................................. 134
General Words......................................................................................................... 135
 
==[[Media:Lica Catsakis 11 Numbers and Units of Time.pdf|Chapter 11 NUMBERS AND UNITS OF TIME--Link]]== 
Numbers ................................................................................................................. 139
:Numbers in Numerical Order............................................................................. 139
:Cardinal Numbers in Alphabetical Order .......................................................... 140
:Ordinal Numbers in Alphabetical Order............................................................. 140
:Numbers in Alphabetic Form............................................................................. 141
Units of Time........................................................................................................... 141
:Days of the Week.............................................................................................. 141
:Months............................................................................................................... 141
 
==[[Media:Lica Catsakis 12 Appendix A Glossary.pdf|Appendix A GLOSSARY--Link]]== 
 
Greek Words........................................................................................................... 143
 
English Words......................................................................................................... 145
 
==Appendix B==
[[Media:Lica Catsakis 13 Appendix B, Names, English Equivalents, Namedays.pdf|'''Appendix B GREEK GIVEN NAMES, THEIR VARIATIONS, ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS AND NAME DAYS'''--Link]]
 
[[Category:Greece]]
[[Category:Greece]]