m (restructuring pre-existing information to match new template) |
(Removed TOC (will be adde back in the correct place later).) |
||
| (13 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Poland | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Poland | |||
|Name=Poland | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Poland Genealogy|Poland]] | | link1=[[Poland Genealogy|Poland]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| Line 5: | Line 12: | ||
| link4= | | link4= | ||
| link5=[[Poland Languages|Languages]] | | link5=[[Poland Languages|Languages]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 44: | ||
* [https://www.polishpod101.com/blog/2022/01/28/polish-beginner-phrases/ Most Useful Polish Phrases] - PolishPod101 | * [https://www.polishpod101.com/blog/2022/01/28/polish-beginner-phrases/ Most Useful Polish Phrases] - PolishPod101 | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/kashubian.htm#:~:text=Useful%20phrases%20in%20Kashubian Useful phrases in Kashubian] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/kashubian.htm#:~:text=Useful%20phrases%20in%20Kashubian Useful phrases in Kashubian] - Omniglot | ||
Polish is a Slavic language related to Russian and Czech. It is used in genealogical sources throughout Poland. Before 1918, Polish-speaking territories were divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Russian, Latin, or Polish. | |||
* In Russian Poland, Polish was the official language for vital records from 1808 to 1868. From 1868 to 1917, Russian was the official language. | |||
* In German Poland, most records were kept in German or [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin]], though some were kept in Polish. | |||
* In Austrian Poland, most records were kept in [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin]]. Some records were kept in German and some in Polish. | |||
Most materials used in Polish research are written in Polish. You do not need to speak or read Polish to do research in Polish records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Poland, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Polish records include German, Russian, Hebrew, Ukrainian, and Old Church Slavonic.<br> | Most materials used in Polish research are written in Polish. You do not need to speak or read Polish to do research in Polish records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Poland, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Polish records include German, Russian, Hebrew, Ukrainian, and Old Church Slavonic.<br> | ||
| Line 111: | Line 74: | ||
** [https://forvo.com/languages/csb/ Kashubian pronunciation dictionary] - Forvo | ** [https://forvo.com/languages/csb/ Kashubian pronunciation dictionary] - Forvo | ||
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashubian_alphabet#Pronunciation Kashubian Pronunciation] - Wikipedia | ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashubian_alphabet#Pronunciation Kashubian Pronunciation] - Wikipedia | ||
'''''Pronunciation Guide'''''<br> | |||
:c = ts | |||
:ch,h = kh | |||
:ć,cz,ci = ch | |||
:ś,sz,si = sh | |||
:ż,zi,rz = zh | |||
:ą = om, on | |||
:ę = em, en | |||
:j = y | |||
:dz = j | |||
:ł = w | |||
:w = v | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
| Line 141: | Line 117: | ||
* Shea, Jonathan D. ''Russian language documents from Russian Poland : a translation manual for genealogists.'' Unlimited, Buffalo Grove, Ill.: Genun Publishers, 1989. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/21158243 WorldCat]. | * Shea, Jonathan D. ''Russian language documents from Russian Poland : a translation manual for genealogists.'' Unlimited, Buffalo Grove, Ill.: Genun Publishers, 1989. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/21158243 WorldCat]. | ||
* [[Poland Encyclopedias and Dictionaries|Poland Encyclopedias and Dictionaries]] | * [[Poland Encyclopedias and Dictionaries|Poland Encyclopedias and Dictionaries]] | ||
'''''Lessons on Handwriting''''' | |||
'''Handwriting Lessons on FamilySearch Learning Center:'''<br> | |||
*'''[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-paleography-seminar-introduction German Paleography Seminar - 10 classes]''' | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-paleography-seminar-introduction German Paleography Seminar] - Lessons on German Handwriting | |||
*Old German Script | |||
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-1 Part 1] | |||
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-2 Part 2] | |||
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-german-church-and-civil-records-part-3 Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)] | |||
*'''Reading Russian Handwriting''' | |||
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/reading-russian-documents-the-russian-alphabet Reading Russian Documents: The Russian Alphabet] | |||
*'''Additional Russian Paleography Classes''' | |||
**[http://www.russianforeveryone.com/RufeA/Lessons/Introduction/Alphabet/Alphabet.htm Russian for Everyone: The Russian Alphabet] | |||
**[https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf SGGEE Cyrillic Handout.pdf] for months and numbers in Russian cursive. | |||
*'''Latin in German Church Records''' | |||
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/latin-for-genealogists Latin for Genealogists] | |||
Polish grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, names of your ancestors will vary from record to record in Polish. | |||
For help in understanding name variations, see [[Poland Naming Customs|Naming Customs]]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
edits