Pakistan Languages: Difference between revisions

Pakistan Languages (view source)

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-{{Pakistan-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
+{{CountrySidebar
+|Country=Pakistan
+|Name=Pakistan
+|Type=Topic
+|Topic Type=Background
+|Background=Languages
+|Rating=Standardized
+}}{{breadcrumb
 | link1=[[Pakistan Genealogy|Pakistan]]
 | link2=
@@ Line 8: / Line 15: @@
 ==Description==
+Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages.<br>
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu '''Urdu'''] is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan and shares official status with '''English'''.<br>
+It is the preferred and predominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups.<br>
+Languages with more than a million speakers consist of: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Pakistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref><br>
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language '''Punjabi'''] - 38.78%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto '''Pashto'''] - 18.24%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language '''Sindhi'''] - 14.57%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language '''Saraiki'''] - 12.19%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu '''Urdu'''] - 7.08%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language '''Balochi'''] - 3.02%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindko '''Hindko'''] - 2.24%
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari '''Pahari-Pothwari''']
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_language '''Brahui''']
+The number of [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Pakistan_Languages#:~:text=and%20language%20basics-,List%20of%20Languages,-Aer languages listed] for Pakistan is 72 with others being endangered.
 ==Word List(s)==
+*[[Arabic Genealogical Word List|Arabic Genealogical Word List]]
+*[[Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List|Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List]]
+'''Urdu'''
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/urdu.php Useful Urdu phrases (Omniglot)]
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Urdu_phrasebook Urdu phrasebook (Wikitravel)]
+* Matthews, David and Mohamed Kasim Dalvi. ''Urdu.'' Blacklick, OH: McGraw-Hill, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/232301006 WorldCat].
+'''Punjabi'''
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/punjabi.php Useful Punjabi phrases (Omniglot)]
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Punjabi_phrasebook Punjabi phrasebook (Wikitravel)]
+'''Pashto'''
+*[https://ilovelanguages.org/pashto_phrases.php Pashto Phrases (ILoveLanguges)]
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Pashto_phrasebook Pashto phrasebook (Wikitravel)]
 ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
+'''Urdu'''
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet Urdu alphabet (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu#Phonology Urdu Phonology (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
+*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_urdu.php Urdu Grammar and Language Basics (MyLanguages)]
+'''Punjabi'''
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language#Phonology Punjabi Phonology (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm Punjabi Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
+*[https://mylanguages.org/learn_punjabi.php Punjabi Grammar and Language Basics (MyLanguages)]
+* Johal, Ranbir. ''Speaking and writing Punjabi : introductory Punjabi workbook.'' n.p.: n.p., 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1037950595 WorldCat].
+'''Pashto'''
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_phonology Pashto phonology (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm Pashto  Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
+*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_pashto.php Pashto Grammar and Language Basics (MyLanguages)]
+* Khan, Muhammad Kamal. ''Pashto phonology : an evaluation of the relationship between syllable structure and word order.'' Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2020. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1153778015 WorldCat].
 ==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
+'''Urdu'''
+*[https://glosbe.com/en/ur English to Urdu Dictionary (Glosbe)]
+*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/urdu_dictionary.htm Urdu dictionary (Lexilogos)]
+*[https://www.urduword.com/ English to Urdu Dictionary and Lessons (UrduWord)]
+*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/urdu/ Urdu (MustGo)]
+* Ranjan, Rajiv. ''Basic Urdu.'' East Lansing: Michigan State University Libraries, 2022. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1356618501 WorldCat].
-==Additional Resources==
+'''Punjabi'''
+*[https://glosbe.com/en/pnb English to Punjabi Dictionary (Glosbe)]
+*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/panjabi_dictionary.htm Punjabi dictionary (Lexilogos)]
+* Chatwal, Teja Singh. ''Punjabi student dictionary : English-Punjabi / Punjabi-English.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., 2023. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1375384902 WorldCat].
+*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/punjabi/ Punjabi (MustGo)]
-The national or official languages of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan are: Urdu, Sindhi, English. The literacy rate in Pakistan is roughly 26 percent. The languages covered also include Indian Sign Language, Parsi (20,000), Southern Uzbek (50,000), Turkmen, Uyghur, Arabic (122,000), Chinese (6,000). The number of languages listed for Pakistan is 72. Of those, all are living languages.
+'''Pashto'''
+*[https://glosbe.com/en/ps English to Pashto Dictionary (Glosbe)]
+*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm Pashto dictionary (Lexilogos)]
+*[https://www.thepashto.com/ English to Pashto Dictionary (ThePashto)]
+*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/pashto/ Pashto (MustGo)]
+* Khattak, Niazi. ''The Pashto dictionary : a concise English-Pashto dictionary.'' n.p.: n.p., 2021. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1268548840 WorldCat].
+==Additional Resources==
+*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan Pakistan (Britannica)]
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Pakistan Pakistan (Wikitravel)]
+* Baart, Joan L. G. ''Languages of northern Pakistan : essays in memory of Carla Radloff.'' Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2022. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1328030035 WorldCat].<br>
-== Websites ==
-===Urdu===
-*[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/urdu_dictionary.htm  Urdu language resources]
-*[http://www.uh.edu/~sriaz/thecountry/languages/ The Languages of Pakistan]
-*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm  Urdu Script and alphabet]
-*[http://www.urduword.com/ Urdu online dictionary]
-*[http://mylanguages.org/urdu_romanization.php Urdu Romanization converter]
-*[http://aboutworldlanguages.com/urdu Urdu language overview]
-*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_urdu.php Urdu grammar and language basics]
-===Pastho===
-*[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm  Pastho language resources]
-*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm  Pastho script]
-*[http://thepashto.com/  Online Pastho dictionary]
-*[http://mylanguages.org/pashto_romanization.php  Pashto Romanization converter]
-*[http://aboutworldlanguages.com/pashto  Pashto Language overview]
-*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_pashto.php Pashto grammar and language basics]
-== Living languages  ==
+'''List of Languages'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer_language '''Aer''']
@@ Line 91: / Line 147: @@
 [eng] Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
-*'''Farsi, Eastern'''
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari '''Farsi, Eastern or Dari''']
 [prs] 1,000,000 in Pakistan; 1,400 in Madaglasht, and many refugees: Southeast Chitral, Madaglasht village of Shishi Koh Valley, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi, other large cities. Alternate names: Dari, Tajik, Madaglashti, Badakhshi.