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{{New Zealand | {{CountrySidebar | ||
{{breadcrumb | |Country=New Zealand | ||
|Name=New Zealand | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[New Zealand Genealogy|New Zealand]] | | link1=[[New Zealand Genealogy|New Zealand]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
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===Description=== | ===Description=== | ||
There are three Official Languages Spoken in New Zealand: English, Māori, ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg ''Listen to Māori pronunciation'']) and as of April 2006 the New Zealand Sign Language became an official Language.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand]</ref> With the world moving from one place to another the New Zealand 2013 census indicated that at least an additional 35 languages are spoken to some extent.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand]</ref> | There are three Official Languages Spoken in New Zealand: English, Māori, ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Rar-M%C4%81ori.ogg ''Listen to Māori pronunciation'']) and as of April 2006 the New Zealand Sign Language became an official Language.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand Languages of New Zealand Wikipedia]</ref> With the world moving from one place to another the New Zealand 2013 census indicated that at least an additional 35 languages are spoken to some extent.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand Languages of New Zealand]</ref> | ||
Most records used in New Zealand research are written in English. To use and understand Maori records, it will be helpful to know some key words and phrases. The Maori grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example the names of your ancestors may vary from record to record in Maori. | Most records used in New Zealand research are written in English. To use and understand Maori records, it will be helpful to know some key words and phrases. The Maori grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example the names of your ancestors may vary from record to record in Maori. | ||
Maori oral pedigrees go from ancient times, down to the present time. The pedigrees are often written in the English alphabet but spelled phonetically, in the Maori language. | Maori oral pedigrees go from ancient times, down to the present time. The pedigrees are often written in the English alphabet but spelled phonetically, in the Maori language. | ||
===Word List(s)=== | |||
===Word List ( | |||
Days of the week and Months in Māori<br> | Days of the week and Months in Māori<br> | ||
<div style=vertical-align:top"> | <div style=vertical-align:top"> | ||
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| style="border: 1px solid black"| Hakihea | | style="border: 1px solid black"| Hakihea | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div><br> | </div><br> | ||
Words for family members and other relatives in Māori (Te Reo Māori), a Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand | Words for family members and other relatives in Māori (Te Reo Māori), a Polynesian language spoken in New Zealand | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
<bR | <bR><br><br> | ||
===Alphabet and Pronunciation=== | ===Alphabet and Pronunciation=== | ||
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*Wh is usually pronounced [ɸ] or [w]<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language pronounced Language]</ref> | *Wh is usually pronounced [ɸ] or [w]<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language pronounced Language]</ref> | ||
The pronunciation shown above are based on the recordings at: [http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/whakahuatanga/ Recordings]<ref>[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maori.htm]</ref> | The pronunciation shown above are based on the recordings at: [http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/whakahuatanga/ Recordings]<ref>[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maori.htm New Maori]</ref> | ||
[https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/41063/the-maori-alphabet Sound of letters and vowels] Click on the boxes to hear the pronunciation of the Māori alphabet – short and long vowels, and consonants – and of a number of words ... 2 pages | [https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/41063/the-maori-alphabet Sound of letters and vowels] Click on the boxes to hear the pronunciation of the Māori alphabet – short and long vowels, and consonants – and of a number of words ... 2 pages | ||
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English is spoken by the majority of the population. It has long been the predominant language and the de facto official language. It is the primary language used in parliament, government, the courts, and the education system. Its official status has been presumed and is not codified in statute. In 2018, New Zealand First MP Clayton Mitchell introduced a bill to parliament to statutorily recognize English as an official language. | English is spoken by the majority of the population. It has long been the predominant language and the de facto official language. It is the primary language used in parliament, government, the courts, and the education system. Its official status has been presumed and is not codified in statute. In 2018, New Zealand First MP Clayton Mitchell introduced a bill to parliament to statutorily recognize English as an official language. | ||
New Zealand English is mostly non-rhotic with the exception of the "southern burr" found principally in Southland and parts of Otago. It is similar to Australian English and many speakers from the Northern Hemisphere are unable to tell the two accents apart. | New Zealand English is mostly non-rhotic with the exception of the "southern burr" found principally in Southland and parts of Otago. It is similar to Australian English and many speakers from the Northern Hemisphere are unable to tell the two accents apart. In New Zealand English the short i (as in kit) has become centralised, leading to the shibboleth fish and chips sounding like "fush and chups" to the Australian ear. The words rarely and really, reel and real, doll and dole, pull and pool, witch and which, and full and fill can sometimes be pronounced as homophones. Some New Zealanders pronounce the past participles grown, thrown and mown using two syllables, whereas groan, throne and moan are pronounced as one syllable. New Zealanders often reply to a question or emphasise a point by adding a rising intonation at the end of the sentence. New Zealand English has also borrowed words and phrases from Māori, such as haka (war dance), kia ora (a greeting), mana (power or prestige), puku (stomach), taonga (treasure) and waka (canoe). | ||
=====Māori===== | =====Māori===== | ||
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Before 1840, Māori was the predominant language of New Zealand. It was extensively used in social, religious, commercial and political interactions among Māori, and between Māori and Pākehā (Whites). Māori was also the language of instruction in the schools set up by missionaries. | Before 1840, Māori was the predominant language of New Zealand. It was extensively used in social, religious, commercial and political interactions among Māori, and between Māori and Pākehā (Whites). Māori was also the language of instruction in the schools set up by missionaries. | ||
After the World War II, The Māori language was discouraged from being spoken in schools and workplaces and it existed as a community language only in a few remote areas. As a consequence of this, many Māori came to view te reo Māori as a language without purpose and chose not to teach their children. Since the 1970s, the language has undergone a process of revitalisation and is spoken by a larger number of people. Of the 148,395 people (3.7% of the total New Zealand population) who claimed they could hold a conversation in Māori in 2013, 84.5 percent identified as Māori. No adult Māori alive in New Zealand today does not also speak English. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand]</ref> | After the World War II, The Māori language was discouraged from being spoken in schools and workplaces and it existed as a community language only in a few remote areas. As a consequence of this, many Māori came to view te reo Māori as a language without purpose and chose not to teach their children. Since the 1970s, the language has undergone a process of revitalisation and is spoken by a larger number of people. Of the 148,395 people (3.7% of the total New Zealand population) who claimed they could hold a conversation in Māori in 2013, 84.5 percent identified as Māori. No adult Māori alive in New Zealand today does not also speak English. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand Languages of New Zealand]</ref> | ||
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The New Maori script is a creation of Ian James. It is an alternative to the Roman alphabet normally used for the otherwise script-less Māori language of New Zealand. | The New Maori script is a creation of Ian James. It is an alternative to the Roman alphabet normally used for the otherwise script-less Māori language of New Zealand. | ||
Part of the aim was to suggest a 'formal' or 'sacred' alphabet for the recording of special poems and songs, while maintaining a local aesthetic in the visual form. In the case of Māori - unlike some languages given it by missionaries - the Roman system is quite effective. So New Maori does not offer benefits of efficiency, simply those of cultural identity.<ref>[https:// | Part of the aim was to suggest a 'formal' or 'sacred' alphabet for the recording of special poems and songs, while maintaining a local aesthetic in the visual form. In the case of Māori - unlike some languages given it by missionaries - the Roman system is quite effective. So New Maori does not offer benefits of efficiency, simply those of cultural identity.<ref>[https://omniglot.com/conscripts/newmaori.php New Maori]</ref> | ||
They have added another consonant | They have added another consonant | ||
The Maui script was invented by Ian James as an alternative way of writing Pacific languages such as Maori. It is a kind of syllabary where syllables are assembled phonetically from parts, and made to form distinct, singular forms. There is also a sense of the third dimension in the syllabic shapes, and they look a little like carved beads. | The Maui script was invented by Ian James as an alternative way of writing Pacific languages such as Maori. It is a kind of syllabary where syllables are assembled phonetically from parts, and made to form distinct, singular forms. There is also a sense of the third dimension in the syllabic shapes, and they look a little like carved beads. | ||
The Maui script is named after the great god-hero of Maori mythology, who - among other things - pulled New Zealand out of the ocean on the end of his fishing line. There is a suggestion of small marine animals or plants in the shapes of the assembled syllables, as things Maui himself may have shaken off his line. There is also an aesthetic perhaps reminiscent of the Easter Island script (Rongorongo), or the more complex Mayan glyphs.<ref>[https:// | The Maui script is named after the great god-hero of Maori mythology, who - among other things - pulled New Zealand out of the ocean on the end of his fishing line. There is a suggestion of small marine animals or plants in the shapes of the assembled syllables, as things Maui himself may have shaken off his line. There is also an aesthetic perhaps reminiscent of the Easter Island script (Rongorongo), or the more complex Mayan glyphs.<ref>[https://omniglot.com/conscripts/newmaori.php New Maori]</ref> | ||
For more information on this new written Maui script you can [https://omniglot.com/conscripts/newmaori.php click here] | |||
=====New Zealand Sign Language:===== | =====New Zealand Sign Language:===== | ||
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The | The FamilySearch Library has several published dictionaries for the Maori language. These can be found in the FamilySearch Catalog, Place Search, under: | ||
The following books on the Maori language can aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries. | The following books on the Maori language can aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries. | ||
*Briggs, Bruce. ''English-Maori Dictionary''. Wellington: A.H. 7 A.W. Reed. 1966. ( | *Briggs, Bruce. ''English-Maori Dictionary''. Wellington: A.H. 7 A.W. Reed. 1966. (FS Library book {{FSC|151992|title-id|disp=499.4 B484e}}.) | ||
*Williams, Herbert W. ''A Dictionary of the Maori Language''. Wellington: A.R. Schearer, Government Printer, 1971. ( | *Williams, Herbert W. ''A Dictionary of the Maori Language''. Wellington: A.R. Schearer, Government Printer, 1971. (FS Library book {{FSC|499.4 W672d|disp=499.4 W672d}}.) | ||
===Additional Resources=== | ===Additional Resources=== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<References/> | <References/> | ||
{{Place|New Zealand}} | {{Place|New Zealand}} | ||
[[Category:New_Zealand]] | [[Category:New_Zealand]] | ||
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