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{{CountrySidebar
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|Name=India
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
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== Languages ==
== Languages ==
[[India Languages#Resources#Hindi|Hindi]], Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada are the first language of over 80% of the population. Many of the people are multilingual, and according to the 2011 census nearly 130 million persons, or 10.67% per cent, speak English as a first, second, or third language.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language/articleshow/5680962.cms "Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language"], ''Times of India'', 14 March 2010. Accessed 1 September 2022.</ref>
[[India_Languages#Hindi|Hindi]], [[India_Languages#Bengali|Bengali]], [[India_Languages#Marathi|Marathi]], [[India_Languages#Telugu|Telugu]], [[India_Languages#Tamil|Tamil]], [[India_Languages#Gujarati|Gujarati]], [[India_Languages#Urdu|Urdu]], [[India_Languages#Kannada|Kannada]] are the first language of over 80% of the population. Many of the people are multilingual, and according to the 2011 census nearly 130 million persons, or 10.67% per cent, speak English as a first, second, or third language.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language/articleshow/5680962.cms "Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language"], ''Times of India'', 14 March 2010. Accessed 1 September 2022.</ref>
=== Scheduled Languages ===
=== Scheduled Languages ===
This table lists the 22 scheduled languages and where they are spoken.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/eighth-schedule-to-the-constitution-of-india-and-list-of-official-languages-1920700-2022-03-04 "Eighth Schedule to the constitution of India and list of official languages"], ''India Today'', 4 March 2022. Accessed 1 September 2022'</ref>
This table lists the 22 scheduled languages and the states, union territories, or regions where they are spoken.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/eighth-schedule-to-the-constitution-of-india-and-list-of-official-languages-1920700-2022-03-04 "Eighth Schedule to the constitution of India and list of official languages"], ''India Today'', 4 March 2022. Accessed 1 September 2022.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Language !! Where Spoken
! Language !! Where Spoken
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| Dogri || Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
| Dogri || Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
|}
|}
=== Classical Languages ===
=== Classical Languages ===
Classical languages are determined by age (1500-2000 years), an existing body of texts considered to be a "valuable heritage', an original literary tradition, and distinct from the modern version.<ref>Wikipedia, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India#Classical_languages_of_India Languages of India-Classical languages of India]. Accessed 1 September 2022.</ref>  
Classical languages are determined by age (1500-2000 years), an existing body of texts considered to be a "valuable heritage', an original literary tradition, and distinct from the modern version.<ref>Wikipedia, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India#Classical_languages_of_India Languages of India-Classical languages of India]. Accessed 1 September 2022.</ref>  
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}}
}}
=== Languages by State and Union Territory ===
=== Languages by State and Union Territory ===
This table list each State or Union Territory and the official language.
This table lists each State or Union Territory and its official language.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Locality !! Type !! Official Language
! Locality !! Type !! Official Language
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| West Bengal || State || Bengali, Nepali, Urdu, Hindi, Odia, Santali, Punjabi, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh, Telugu
| West Bengal || State || Bengali, Nepali, Urdu, Hindi, Odia, Santali, Punjabi, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh, Telugu
|}
|}
== Resources ==
== Resources ==
=== Hindi ===
=== Hindi ===
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}}
}}
=== Marathi ===
=== Marathi ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos: [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/marathi_dictionary.htm Marathi dictionary]
*Lexilogos: [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/marathi_dictionary.htm Marathi dictionary]
*Omniglot: [https://omniglot.com/writing/marathi.htm Marathi]
*Omniglot: [https://omniglot.com/writing/marathi.htm Marathi]
*University of Chicago, Digital Dictionaries of South Asia: [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/molesworth/ Marathi and English]
*University of Chicago, Digital Dictionaries of South Asia: [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/molesworth/ Marathi and English]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/learn_marathi.php Learn Marathi]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/learn_marathi.php Learn Marathi]
}}
=== Telugu ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos.com: [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/telugu_dictionary.htm Telugu Dictionary]
*Omniglot: [https://omniglot.com/writing/telugu.htm Telugu alphabet, pronunciation and language]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/learn_telugu.php Learn Telugu]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/telugu_alphabet.php Telugu Alphabet]
}}
=== Tamil ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos.com: [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/tamil_dictionary.htm Tamil Dictionary]
*[http://www.tamildict.com/english.php Tamildict.com]
*[http://www.tamiltyping.in/ Tamil Typing]
*Shabdkosh: [https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-tamil/ English Tamil Dictionary and Translation]
*University of Chicago, Digital Dictionaries of South Asia: [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/tamil-lex/ Tamil Lexicon]
*ilanguages.org: [http://ilanguages.org/tamil.php Learn Tamil]
*[http://learn101.org/tamil.php Learn 101- Tamil]
*University of Pennsylvania, Web Assisted Learning and Teaching of Tamil (WALTT): [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/ Learning and Teaching Tamil]
}}
=== Gujarati ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos: [http://www.lexilogos.com/english/gujarati_dictionary.htm Gujarati dictionary
*Omniglot: [https://omniglot.com/writing/gujarati.htm Gujarati alphabet, pronunciation and language]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/learn_gujarati.php Learn Gujarati]
*MyLanguages.org: [https://mylanguages.org/gujarati_romanization.php Gujarati to Latin (phonetics) Converter]
}}
=== Urdu ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos: [http://www.lexilogos.com/english/urdu_dictionary.htm Urdu dictionary]
*Omniglot: [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm  Urdu alphabet, pronunciation and language]
*MyLanguages.com: [http://mylanguages.org/urdu_romanization.php Urdu to Latin (phonetics) Converter]
*MyLanguages.com: [http://mylanguages.org/learn_urdu.php Learn Urdu]
*[http://aboutworldlanguages.com/urdu Urdu language overview]
*UrduWord.com: [http://www.urduword.com/ Urdu online dictionary]
}}
=== Kannada ===
{{columns-list|2|
*Lexilogos: [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/kannada_dictionary.htm Kannada dictionary]
*Omniglot: [https://omniglot.com/writing/kannada.htm Kannada alphabet, pronunciation and language]
*MyLanguages.com: [https://mylanguages.org/kannada_alphabet.php Kannada Alphabet]
*MyLanguages.com: [https://mylanguages.org/learn_kannada.php Learn Kannada]
*All Language Resources: [https://www.alllanguageresources.com/kannada/ How to Learn Kannada]
}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:India]]
[[Category:India]][[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
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