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{{Chad | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Chad | |||
|Name=Chad | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] | | link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
Chad has two official languages, '''French''' and '''Modern Standard Arabic''', and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, '''Chadian Arabic''', is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40-60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers. | |||
French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Chad, accessed 6 April 2021.</ref> Education in Chad is challenging due to the nation's dispersed population and a certain degree of reluctance on the part of parents to send their children to school. Although attendance is compulsory, only 68% of boys continue their education past primary school, and over half of the population is illiterate. Higher education is provided at the University of N'Djamena. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Education in Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Chad, accessed 7 April 2021.</ref> | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
'''French''' | |||
*[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases at Omniglot] | |||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | |||
*[[Arabic Genealogical Word List|Arabic Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[http://www.modernstandardarabic.com/arabic-vocabulary/ Arabic Vocabulary at ModernStandardArabic] | |||
'''Chadian Arabic''' | |||
*[https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic_phrasebook Chadian Arabic phrasebook at WikiVoyage] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
'''French''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia] | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | |||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic Phonology at Wikipedia] | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | |||
*[https://thearabiclearner.com/the-arabic-alphabet/ Arabic Alphabet at TheArabicLearner] | |||
*[https://www.optilingo.com/blog/arabic/the-arabic-alphabet/ The Arabic Alphabet at Optilingo] | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
'''French''' | |||
*[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]] | |||
*[[French Letter Writing Guide|French Letter Writing Guide]] | |||
*[[France Languages|French Languages]] | |||
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary at Cambridge] | |||
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary at Lexilogos] | |||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | |||
*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/arabic-modern-standard/ Arabic Modern Standard at MustGo] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar Dictionary English - Arabic at Glosbe] | |||
'''Chadian Arabic''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at Wikipedia] | |||
*[https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at WikiVisually] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/shu Dictionary English - Chadian Arabic at Glosbe] | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* Simon & Schuster Audio (Firm), and Pimsleur (Firm). ''Conversational modern standard Arabic.'' New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1105225619 WorldCat]. | |||
* Abboud, Peter F, and Ernest N McCarus. ''Elementary modern standard Arabic.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1114760079 WorldCat]. | |||
* Absi, Samir Abu, and Andre Sinaud. ''Basic Chad Arabic.'' Bloomington: Intensive Language Training Center, Indiana University, 1968. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4710235 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Chad]] | [[Category:Chad]] | ||
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