m (→Alphabet and Pronunciation: creating language page) |
m (Text replacement - "__TOC__\n(={2,6}.*?={2,6})" to "$1") Tag: Manual revert |
||
| (13 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Estonia | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Estonia | |||
|Name=Estonia | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]] | | link1=[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| Line 15: | Line 22: | ||
* Russian is by far the most spoken minority language in the country. Russian is spoken as a secondary language by forty- to seventy-year-old ethnic Estonians. Russian was the unofficial language of the Estonian SSR from 1944 to 1991 and taught as a compulsory second language during the Soviet era. | * Russian is by far the most spoken minority language in the country. Russian is spoken as a secondary language by forty- to seventy-year-old ethnic Estonians. Russian was the unofficial language of the Estonian SSR from 1944 to 1991 and taught as a compulsory second language during the Soviet era. | ||
* From the 13th to the 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia, particularly in the coastal areas and on the islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref> | * From the 13th to the 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia, particularly in the coastal areas and on the islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref> | ||
The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German and French. Other popular languages include Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref> | The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German and French. Other popular languages include Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref> | ||
Historical records are written mostly in German but also in Russian, Swedish, Estonian, and Latin. | Historical records are written mostly in German but also in Russian, Swedish, Estonian, and Latin. | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia#Minority_languages More details on the Minority languages in Estonia] | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
| Line 45: | Line 52: | ||
'''Language Aids''' | '''Language Aids''' | ||
* [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/estonian/ MustGo Travel - Estonian (Dialects, Vowels, Consonants, Grammar, Vocabulary, Writing)] | * [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/estonian/ MustGo Travel - Estonian (Dialects, Vowels, Consonants, Grammar, Vocabulary, Writing)] | ||
* Harms, Robert T. ''Estonian grammar.'' London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/998785429 WorldCat]. | |||
* Kurman, George. ''The development of written Estonian.'' London: RoutledgeCurzon, 1997. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/494507625 WorldCat]. | |||
* Laas, Andres. ''Estonian Language : 101 Estonian verbs.'' United States: Preceptor Language Guides, 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1004770507 WorldCat]. | |||
'''Dictionaries''' | '''Dictionaries''' | ||
* Word order is considerably more flexible than English, but the basic order is subject–verb–object. | * Word order is considerably more flexible than English, but the basic order is subject–verb–object. | ||
* | * ''Estonian - English : Estonian dictionary.'' n.p.: n.p., 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1012534639 WorldCat]. | ||
* Paul | * Saagpakk, Paul F, and Johannes Aavik. ''Estonian-English dictionary.'' Tallinn: Koolibri, 2000. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/64663464 WorldCat]. | ||
* | * Benyukh, Ksenia. ''Estonian-English/English-Estonian dictionary and phrasebook.'' Gazelle, New York, Lancaster: Hippocrene, 2002. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/50432821 WorldCat]. | ||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
| Line 58: | Line 68: | ||
*[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/estonian_dictionary.htm Estonian language resources] | *[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/estonian_dictionary.htm Estonian language resources] | ||
*[http://learn101.org/estonian_grammar.php Estonian grammar and basics] | *[http://learn101.org/estonian_grammar.php Estonian grammar and basics] | ||
* Erelt, Mati. ''Estonian language.'' Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/321053986 WorldCat]. | |||
* Sutrop, Urmas, and Jaagup Roomet. ''Estonian language.'' Tallinn: Eesti Instituut, 2000. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/247963372 WorldCat]. | |||
* Kitsnik, Mare, and Leelo Kingisepp. ''Complete Estonian.'' London: John Murray Learning, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1136488985 WorldCat]. | |||
* Moseley, Christopher. ''Colloquial Estonian : the complete course for beginners.'' London: Routledge, 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/935666300 WorldCat]. | |||
* Klaas, Birute, Sirje Rammo, and Maarika Teral. ''Teach yourself Estonian.'' London: Teach Yourself, 2006. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/71347330 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
edits