Estonia Languages: Difference between revisions

Estonia Languages (view source)

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-{{Estonia-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
+{{CountrySidebar
+|Country=Estonia
+|Name=Estonia
+|Type=Topic
+|Topic Type=Background
+|Background=Languages
+|Rating=Standardized
+}}{{breadcrumb
 | link1=[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]]
 | link2=
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 * Russian is by far the most spoken minority language in the country. Russian is spoken as a secondary language by forty- to seventy-year-old ethnic Estonians. Russian was the unofficial language of the Estonian SSR from 1944 to 1991 and taught as a compulsory second language during the Soviet era.
 * From the 13th to the 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia, particularly in the coastal areas and on the islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref>
 The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German and French. Other popular languages include Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Languages, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref>
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 Historical records are written mostly in German but also in Russian, Swedish, Estonian, and Latin.
-[http://www.postalhistory.com/results.asp?group=20&sort=3&cs=es Estonia Postal History] can be used to study writing.
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia#Minority_languages More details on the Minority languages in Estonia]
 ==Word List(s)==
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 * [[Russian Genealogical Word List]]
 * [[German Genealogical Word List]]
-* [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
 * [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
 * [[Swedish Genealogical Word List]]
 ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
-Word order is considerably more flexible than English, but the basic order is subject–verb–object.
+Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet,
+:and adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž.
+:The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin
+:f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Estonian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language#Alphabet, accessed 15 March 2021.</ref>
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_orthography#Alphabet Estonian Alphabet - Wikipedia]
+* [https://omniglot.com/writing/estonian.htm Estonian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 ==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
 '''Language Aids'''
 * [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/estonian/ MustGo Travel - Estonian (Dialects, Vowels, Consonants, Grammar, Vocabulary, Writing)]
+* Harms, Robert T. ''Estonian grammar.'' London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/998785429 WorldCat].
+* Kurman, George. ''The development of written Estonian.'' London: RoutledgeCurzon, 1997. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/494507625 WorldCat].
+* Laas, Andres. ''Estonian Language : 101 Estonian verbs.'' United States: Preceptor Language Guides, 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1004770507 WorldCat].
+'''Dictionaries'''
+* Word order is considerably more flexible than English, but the basic order is subject–verb–object.
+* ''Estonian - English : Estonian dictionary.'' n.p.: n.p., 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1012534639 WorldCat].
+* Saagpakk, Paul F, and Johannes Aavik. ''Estonian-English dictionary.'' Tallinn: Koolibri, 2000. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/64663464 WorldCat].
+* Benyukh, Ksenia. ''Estonian-English/English-Estonian dictionary and phrasebook.'' Gazelle, New York, Lancaster: Hippocrene, 2002. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/50432821 WorldCat].
 ==Additional Resources==
@@ Line 57: / Line 68: @@
 *[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/estonian_dictionary.htm Estonian language resources]
 *[http://learn101.org/estonian_grammar.php Estonian grammar and basics]
+* Erelt, Mati. ''Estonian language.'' Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/321053986 WorldCat].
+* Sutrop, Urmas, and Jaagup Roomet. ''Estonian language.'' Tallinn: Eesti Instituut, 2000. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/247963372 WorldCat].
+* Kitsnik, Mare, and Leelo Kingisepp. ''Complete Estonian.'' London: John Murray Learning, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1136488985 WorldCat].
+* Moseley, Christopher. ''Colloquial Estonian : the complete course for beginners.'' London: Routledge, 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/935666300 WorldCat].
+* Klaas, Birute, Sirje Rammo, and Maarika Teral. ''Teach yourself Estonian.'' London: Teach Yourself, 2006. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/71347330 WorldCat].
 == References  ==