FamilySearch Wiki

Czechia Land and Property: Difference between revisions

Page Talk

Czechia Land and Property (view source)

Revision as of 12:12, 20 March 2024

3,624 bytes added ,  20 March 2024
m
Text replacement - "__TOC__\n(={2,6}.*?={2,6})" to "$1"
VisualWikitext
m (Text replacement - "__TOC__\n(={2,6}.*?={2,6})" to "$1")
Tag: Manual revert
(19 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Czech Republic-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
{{CountrySidebar
|Country=Czechia
|Name=Czechia
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Records
|Records=Land and Property
|Rating=Acceptable
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechia]]
| link1=[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechia]]
| link2=
| link2=
Line 6: Line 13:
| link5=[[Czechia Land and Property|Land and Property]]
| link5=[[Czechia Land and Property|Land and Property]]
}}  
}}  
==Online Resources==
*'''1450-1889''' {{RecordSearch|1918632|Czech Republic Land Records, 1450-1889}} at FamilySearch —  images
*[https://www.myczechroots.com/search-tools/territorial-administrative-units-of-czech-lands Territorial Administrative Units of Czech Lands]
*[http://actapublica.eu/hledej/ Czech Republic: Land Records(Moravians)]


== Land Books (Pozemkové knihy)  ==
== Land Books (Pozemkové knihy)  ==
Line 33: Line 45:
'''Research use: '''With the exception of church registers and civil registration, land records are the single most important source for genealogical research. In most instances the land records provide exact family relationships. Land books identify individuals in connection with their residence. They enhance the use of church registers and can be used to bridge gaps and are often essential for linking generations. When persons with the same name need to be sorted out, this can be done by house numbers and house ownership. A study of the records of a specific piece of property can give the sequence of generations of the family surname, as ownership was usually passed from father to son. Where names change from generation to generation, land books are helpful in making proper family connections.  
'''Research use: '''With the exception of church registers and civil registration, land records are the single most important source for genealogical research. In most instances the land records provide exact family relationships. Land books identify individuals in connection with their residence. They enhance the use of church registers and can be used to bridge gaps and are often essential for linking generations. When persons with the same name need to be sorted out, this can be done by house numbers and house ownership. A study of the records of a specific piece of property can give the sequence of generations of the family surname, as ownership was usually passed from father to son. Where names change from generation to generation, land books are helpful in making proper family connections.  


'''Accessibility: '''Through correspondence with archives in the Czech Republic, a local agent or by personal search. These books are located in various archives and collections, and sometimes locating a particular one requires thorough research. Some of these books have been destroyed, but many still survive.  
'''Accessibility: '''Through correspondence with archives in Czechia, a local agent or by personal search. These books are located in various archives and collections, and sometimes locating a particular one requires thorough research. Some of these books have been destroyed, but many still survive.  


<br>Source:Czech Land Registers and Auxiliary Books<br>Ročenka<br>Volume 2, Winter 1995-1996<br>FHL book 943.71 D25r<br><br>  
<br>Source:Czech Land Registers and Auxiliary Books<br>Ročenka<br>Volume 2, Winter 1995-1996<br>FS Library book 943.71 D25r<br><br>  


*[[Czech Republic Land Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|Czech Republic Land Records, 1450-1889]] from the FamilySearch Historical Record Collection
*[[Czech Republic Land Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|Czech Republic Land Records, 1450-1889]] from the FamilySearch Historical Record Collection
Line 49: Line 61:
'''Location: '''State regional archives [''státní oblastní archívy''], district archives [''okesní archívy'']. Many are included in distinct family collections of the archives.<br>Research use: These records can enhance the effective use of church records. They establish residence, ages, and relationships which are valuable for pedigree links.  
'''Location: '''State regional archives [''státní oblastní archívy''], district archives [''okesní archívy'']. Many are included in distinct family collections of the archives.<br>Research use: These records can enhance the effective use of church records. They establish residence, ages, and relationships which are valuable for pedigree links.  


'''Accessibility: '''It may be possible to search these records in person at archives in the Czech Republic. They are also being digitized by the various Czech archives and put online. <ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Czech Republic,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1999.</ref>
'''Accessibility: '''It may be possible to search these records in person at archives in Czechia. They are also being digitized by the various Czech archives and put online. <ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Czech Republic,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1999.</ref>


=== Locating an Estate  ===
=== Locating an Estate  ===
Line 67: Line 79:
The basic tax unit was a Lahn. This term had a broader sense than a piece of land. As far as the diversification of rural population is concerned, see below for more information.  
The basic tax unit was a Lahn. This term had a broader sense than a piece of land. As far as the diversification of rural population is concerned, see below for more information.  


During the reign of Maria Theresia a new Cadastral Survey was made, because the older one had not corresponded with the social and economical development of the country from 1679. Between 1749 - 1753 so called '''Theresian Cadastre''' was adopted.  
The first complete Cadastral Survey in Moravia was made between 1655 - 1657. It was called the Lansky rejstrik - Lahnregister, later known as the First Lahn visitatio. In Bohemia the same tax survey was called Berni rolle - the Tax Roll. A revision was completed during the years 1669–1679 to correct inaccuracies and omissions, called the Second Lahn visitatio.
 
The basic tax and land unit was called a Lahn (German) or lán (Czech) and is usually translated as hide in English. A hide in England was considered the basic amount of land necessary to support a peasant family and the exact acreage varied depending on the century. This term also had a broader sense in the Czech lands, as farmers were referred to by how much of a lán they were farming, especially in Moravia. This also reflected their social status in the community. A peasant farmer who had a full lán to farm was referred to as a lánik, A half-hide farmer would be a půláník, and a quarter-hide farmer was a cvrtlánik.
During the reign of Maria Theresia a new Cadastral Survey was made, to account for social and economical development since 1679. The Theresian Cadastre was created 1749–1753. A third Cadastral survey was completed during the reign of her son, Emperor Joseph II, and called the Josephine Cadastre from 1787–1789. The taxable land in this cadastre was broadened to landlords´ possessions, rather than individual peasant farmers. After Joseph II’s death, the Empire reverted back to using the Theresian Cadastre.
 
The last Cadastral survey was the Stable Cadastre, (1817–1851). An evaluation was done of each village for land taxation and a series of cadastral maps was created (Bohemia was mapped 1826-1843, Moravia was mapped 1824-1836). The final Imperial maps (Originální mapy stabilního katastru) were sent to Vienna when they were completed, but the indicative sketches or working copies (Indikační Skici) were kept and updated for a number of years. The official maps are helpful for plot numbers, but do not contain much detail. The indicative sketches are more valuable for genealogy, since they often list the names of the tenant farmers on the plots of land they were farming, along with house numbers and other details.
 
===Cadastral Maps===
[https://cgsi.org/system/files/finding_castral_maps_slavnosti_38-39.pdf About Cadastral Maps]<br>
*[https://ags.cuzk.cz/archiv/ Cadastral Maps] Historical maps of each village, including house numbers. Search for your village and click on it on the map to see your map options. For the draft sketches that include house numbers, farmer's names and plots of land, select ''Indikační Skici'' on the dropdown. For the official cadastral maps that were sent to Vienna, click on ''Originální mapy stabilního katastru'' and select the option below.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Map Key
|'''Color'''
|Meaning
|'''Color'''
|Meaning
|-
|[[File:Sample of a house on a Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Pink'''  
 
           
|Stone
|[[File:Image of yellow house from Czech cadastral maps.png|thumb]]'''Yellow'''


The third Cadastral survey was done during the reign of her son, the emperor Joseph II, called '''Josephine Cadastre''' 1787 - 1789 and the taxable land was broaden to landlords´ possession. After his death the Teresian Cadastre came again into being.  
     
|Wood
|-
|[[File:Image of a road from a Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Brown/Tan'''  
|Road
|[[File:Image of field from Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Dark Green'''


The last Cadastral survey was so called '''Stable Cadastre''', accepted between 1817 - 1851. The information on each landholder is completed by the evaluation of the whole village and by a series of cadastral maps in the measure 1:2880.
   
|Garden
|-
|[[File:Image of grassy field from Czech cadastral maps.png|thumb]]'''Light Green'''  


== Division into Classes ==
               
|Grassy field
|[[File:Image of river from Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Light Blue'''      
 
 
|Pond or River
|-
|[[File:Crop field on Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Beige'''
 
             
|Fields of crops
|[[File:Forest symbol on Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Grey with trees'''  
 
 
|Forest
|-
|[[File:Sample of a house on a Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Black # on house''' 
 
           
|Plot #
|[[File:Sample of a house on a Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Red # on house''' 
 
           
|House #
|-
|[[File:Crop field on Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Black # on field'''
 
             
|House #
|[[File:Crop field on Czech cadastral map.png|thumb]]'''Red # on field'''
 
             
|Plot #
|}
 
==Division into Classes==


During the serfdom and even to the end of the 19th century the rural population in middle Europe was divided in several categories. In fact one can talk of historical - economical and sociological categories.  
During the serfdom and even to the end of the 19th century the rural population in middle Europe was divided in several categories. In fact one can talk of historical - economical and sociological categories.  
Line 109: Line 186:
It is said that the differences between various strata were at least the same as the gap between the classes of nobility, town-dwellers and subject people in common. And hardly a member of farmer's family was allowed to marry a daughter of a CHALUPNER or even PODRUH.  
It is said that the differences between various strata were at least the same as the gap between the classes of nobility, town-dwellers and subject people in common. And hardly a member of farmer's family was allowed to marry a daughter of a CHALUPNER or even PODRUH.  


== First Bohemian Cadaster (Berní rula) ==
==First Bohemian Cadaster (Berní rula)==
{| style="float:right; margin-right:50px"
{| style="float:right; margin-right:50px"
|-
|-
| style="padding-right:0px"|
| style="padding-right:0px" |
|[[Image:Bernirulamap.jpg|thumb|right|350px|<center>Berni rula Map<center>]]
|[[Image:Bernirulamap.jpg|thumb|right|350px|<center>Berni rula Map<center>]]
|}
|}
=== Introduction ===
===Introduction===


The ''berní rula'' was formulated during the reign of Ferdinand III of Habsburg (ruled 1637-57), that is, not long after the end of the Thirty Years' War. The ''berní ruly'' are lists of tax payers based on the records of the estate owners or nobility. First completed in 1653-1654, these tax lists were prepared to study inequities in the tax structure. Properties were surveyed to determine dwellings, fields, and animals of the taxpayers. Other surveys were made in 1683-84, 1746, 1757, and 1792. These lists can be of help in genealogical research by locating the domicile of one's ancestor, and are of value for demographic studies, but they cannot be considered as a complete survey of the population. These lists do not include the poor who were without property or trade. Also, only heads of households are listed without indication of dependents. The ''berní ruly'' are available only for the the "Czech lands" of the Czech Republic (or the province of Bohemia), and not for the province of Moravia and Austrian Silesia. All text is in the Czech language. Tax lists have been deposited in various archives but are not readily accessible to researchers. Some tax lists have been published:  
The ''berní rula'' was formulated during the reign of Ferdinand III of Habsburg (ruled 1637-57), that is, not long after the end of the Thirty Years' War. The ''berní ruly'' are lists of tax payers based on the records of the estate owners or nobility. First completed in 1653-1654, these tax lists were prepared to study inequities in the tax structure. Properties were surveyed to determine dwellings, fields, and animals of the taxpayers. Other surveys were made in 1683-84, 1746, 1757, and 1792. These lists can be of help in genealogical research by locating the domicile of one's ancestor, and are of value for demographic studies, but they cannot be considered as a complete survey of the population. These lists do not include the poor who were without property or trade. Also, only heads of households are listed without indication of dependents. The ''berní ruly'' are available only for the the "Czech lands" of Czechia (or the province of Bohemia), and not for the province of Moravia and Austrian Silesia. All text is in the Czech language. Tax lists have been deposited in various archives but are not readily accessible to researchers. Some tax lists have been published:  


• '''general index to all 1654 tax lists''' - Berní rula : generalní rejstřík ke všem svazkům- General Index to all 1654 tax lists (published and unpublished), supplemented with the 1651 census if tax lists missing. FHL INTL Book 943.71 X2cc vol. 1-2<br>  
• '''general index to all 1654 tax lists''' - Berní rula : generalní rejstřík ke všem svazkům- General Index to all 1654 tax lists (published and unpublished), supplemented with the 1651 census if tax lists missing. FS Library INTL Book 943.71 X2cc vol. 1-2<br>  


• '''some 1427-1435 tax lists for Prague''' - Berní knihy starého města Pražského, 1427-1434 - Tax books for the Prague subdivision Old Town. FHL INTL Book 943.71/P3 R4p<br>  
• '''some 1427-1435 tax lists for Prague''' - Berní knihy starého města Pražského, 1427-1434 - Tax books for the Prague subdivision Old Town. FS Library INTL Book 943.71/P3 R4p<br>  


=== Publication ===
===Publication===
The following volumes were published:  
The following volumes were published:  


{| style="float:right; margin-right:50px"
{| style="float:right; margin-right:50px"
|-
|-
| style="padding-right:0px"|
| style="padding-right:0px" |
|[[Image:Berni rula headings.jpg|thumb|right|600px|<center>Berni rula Headings<center>]]  
|[[Image:Berni rula headings.jpg|thumb|right|600px|<center>Berni rula Headings<center>]]
|}
|}


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|  
|
''Volume''<br>1.<br>2.<br>3.<br>8.-9.<br>10.-11.<br>12.-15.<br>18.-19.<br>23.-25.<br>26.<br>27.-28.<br>31.<br>32.-33.<br>34.  
''Volume''<br>1.<br>2.<br>3.<br>8.-9.<br>10.-11.<br>12.-15.<br>18.-19.<br>23.-25.<br>26.<br>27.-28.<br>31.<br>32.-33.<br>34.  
|  
|
''Region''<br>Introduction to the series<br>General list of places<br>City of Prague<br>Boleslavsko region<br>Čáslavsko region<br>Hradecko region<br>Kouřimsko region<br>Plzeňsko region<br>Podbrdsko region<br>Prácheňsko region<br>Vltavsko region<br>Žatecko region<br>Kladsko region<br>  
''Region''<br>Introduction to the series<br>General list of places<br>City of Prague<br>Boleslavsko region<br>Čáslavsko region<br>Hradecko region<br>Kouřimsko region<br>Plzeňsko region<br>Podbrdsko region<br>Prácheňsko region<br>Vltavsko region<br>Žatecko region<br>Kladsko region<br>
|}
|}


Line 144: Line 221:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|  
|
''Volume''<br>4.-7.<br>16.-17.<br>20.-21.<br>22.<br>29.<br>30.<br>35.<br><br><br>  
''Volume''<br>4.-7.<br>16.-17.<br>20.-21.<br>22.<br>29.<br>30.<br>35.<br><br><br>


|  
|
''Region''<br>Bechyňsko region<br>Chrudimsko region<br>Litoměřicko region<br>Loketsko region<br>Prácheňsko region<br>Rakovnicko region<br>Slánsko region (original lost)<br>Chebsko region (not taken)<br>Ašsko region (unknown)<br>  
''Region''<br>Bechyňsko region<br>Chrudimsko region<br>Litoměřicko region<br>Loketsko region<br>Prácheňsko region<br>Rakovnicko region<br>Slánsko region (original lost)<br>Chebsko region (not taken)<br>Ašsko region (unknown)<br>


|}
|}


The Family History Library has above listed published copies of the 1654 tax lists (FHL INTL Book 943.7 B4b).  
The FamilySearch Library has above listed published copies of the 1654 tax lists (FS Library INTL Book 943.7 B4b).  


=== General Index to All 1654 Tax Lists ===
===General Index to All 1654 Tax Lists===


Berní rula : generalní rejstřík ke všem svazkům- General Index to all 1654 tax lists (published and unpublished), supplemented with the 1651 census if tax lists missing. The Family History Library has a copy of the general index (FHL INTL Book 943.71 X2cc vol. 1-2).  
Berní rula : generalní rejstřík ke všem svazkům- General Index to all 1654 tax lists (published and unpublished), supplemented with the 1651 census if tax lists missing. The FamilySearch Library has a copy of the general index (FS Library INTL Book 943.71 X2cc vol. 1-2).  


Berní knihy starého města Pražského, 1427-1434 - Tax books for the Prague subdivision Old Town. The Family History Library has a copy of the publication (FHL INTL Book 943.71/P3 R4p).  
Berní knihy starého města Pražského, 1427-1434 - Tax books for the Prague subdivision Old Town. The FamilySearch Library has a copy of the publication (FS Library INTL Book 943.71/P3 R4p).  


== Websites  ==
*'''1450-1889''' {{RecordSearch|1918632|Czech Republic Land Records, 1450-1889}} at FamilySearch —  images
*[http://actapublica.eu/hledej/ Czech Republic: Land Records(Moravians)]


== References ==
==References==


{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Czech_Republic|Land]]
[[Category:Czechia|Land]]
<references />  
<references />  


[[Category:Land_and_Property Records]] [[Category:Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Land and Property]]  
[[Category:Czechia]]
Tegnosis
Approver, Batcheditor, Moderator, Patroller, Protector, Reviewer, Bots, Bureaucrats, editor, Interface administrators, pagecreator, pagedeleter, Page Ownership admin, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators, Upload Wizard campaign editors, Widget editors
321,763

edits

Retrieved from "https://integration-ru.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4980277...5671342"