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{{Finland-sidebar}}
{{CountrySidebar
{{breadcrumb
|Country=Finland
|Name=Finland
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Finland Genealogy|Finland]]
| link1=[[Finland Genealogy|Finland]]
| link2=
| link2=
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==Description==
==Description==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language '''Finnish'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language '''Swedish'''] are the two main official languages of Finland.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language '''Finnish'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language '''Swedish'''] are the two main official languages of Finland. There are also several official minority languages: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref><br>
There are also several official minority languages: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref><br>
* Three variants of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages '''Sami'''] <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland#Sami_languages, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref>
* Three variants of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages '''Sami'''] <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland#Sami_languages, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref>
** '''Northern Sami'''
** '''Northern Sami'''
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Since Finnish was not an official language in Finland until 1863, most records were written in Swedish. To do research in these records, you will need to know some Swedish and Finnish key words and phrases. Also, be aware that Orthodox church records were written in Russian until after Finnish independence. The Finnish language is spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns elsewhere.<br>
Since Finnish was not an official language in Finland until 1863, most records were written in Swedish. To do research in these records, you will need to know some Swedish and Finnish key words and phrases. Also, be aware that Orthodox church records were written in Russian until after Finnish independence. The Finnish language is spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns elsewhere.<br>


'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Finland_Languages#:~:text=Grammar%20Help%20for%20Finnish Help with finnish GrammarFinnish]'''
== Word Lists ==
 
==Word List(s)==
*[[Finnish Genealogical Word List|Finnish Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Finnish Genealogical Word List|Finnish Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]
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*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/romani.htm Useful phrases in Romani (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/romani.htm Useful phrases in Romani (Omniglot)]


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
== Alphabet and Pronunciation ==
When you are looking up names or words in Finnish dictionaries or indexes, it is important to know that the Finnish alphabet consists of 29 letters which follow the letter z: ''å'', ''ä'', and ''ö''. The letter å does not occur in native Finnish words, but many personal and geographical names of Swedish origin use this letter. <br>
'''Finnish'''
'''Finnish'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_phonology Finnish phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_phonology Finnish phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_grammar Finnish grammar (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_grammar Finnish grammar (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_orthography Finnish orthography (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm Finnish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm Finnish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://mylanguages.org/learn_finnish.php Finnish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)]
*[https://mylanguages.org/learn_finnish.php Finnish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)]
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*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnishkalo.htm Finnish Kalo Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnishkalo.htm Finnish Kalo Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/romani.htm Romani Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/romani.htm Romani Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
=== Sounds ===
'''Vowels'''<br>
There are eight vowels in Finnish, a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö, and å which is found in Swedish words. Finnish has 16 diphthongs of two types. In the first type there is more stress on the first vowel, and in the second, slightly more stress on the second vowel.
*First group: au, ou, iu, eu, äy, öy. äi, öi, yi, ui, ei, ai, oi
*Second group: uo, yö, ie
A double vowel is twice as long as a single vowel. Double vowel combinations are: aa, ää, ee, ii, oo, öö, uu, and yy.<br>
'''Consonants'''<br>
Double consonants are pronounced separately. The first is the final letter of one syllable and the second is the initial letter of the next syllable.<br>


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''Accent'''<br>
The stress always falls on the first syllable, even with words of foreign origin.
*Helsinki (HEL-sin-ki)
*Sibelius (SI-be-lius)
*Räikkönen (RÄIK-könen)
=== Grammar ===
'''Parts of Speech'''<br>
Unlike English, Finnish does not have indefinite or definite articles (a/an/the). Finnish uses the following parts of speech:
{{columns-list|4|
#Nouns
#Pronouns
#Adjectives
#Verbs
#Adverbs
#Preposiitons
#Conjunctions
#Interjections
}}
== Language Aids and Dictionaries ==
'''Finnish'''
'''Finnish'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/fi English to Finnish Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/fi English to Finnish Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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*[https://kaino.kotus.fi/vks/ Dictionary of Old Finnish (Kaino.Kotus)]
*[https://kaino.kotus.fi/vks/ Dictionary of Old Finnish (Kaino.Kotus)]
*[http://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-finnish/ English-Finnish dictionary (Bab.la)]
*[http://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-finnish/ English-Finnish dictionary (Bab.la)]
*[[Finland Letter Writing Guide]]


'''Swedish'''
'''Swedish'''
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==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
 
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Finland Finland (Britannica)]
 
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Finland Finland (Wikitravel)]<br>
 
'''Grammar Help for Finnish''':<br>
 
When you are looking up names or words in Finnish dictionaries or indexes, it is important to know that the Finnish alphabet has three letters that follow the letter z: å, ä, and ö. The letter å does not occur in native Finnish words, but many personal and geographical names of Swedish origin use this letter. <br>
 
'''Vowels'''
There are eight vowel in Finnish, a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö, and å which is found in Swedish words. Finnish has 16 diphthongs of two types. In the first type there is more stress on the first vowel, and in the second, slightly more stress on the second vowel.
*First group: au, ou, iu, eu, äy, öy. äi, öi, yi, ui, ei, ai, oi
*Second group: uo, yö, ie
A double vowel is twice as long as a single vowel. Double vowel combinations are: aa, ää, ee, ii, oo, öö, uu, and yy.
'''Consonants'''
Double consonants are pronounced separately. The first is the final letter of one syllable and the second is the initial letter of the next syllable.
'''Accent'''
The stress always falls on the first syllable, even with words of foreign origin.
*Helsinki (HEL-sin-ki)
*Sibelius (SI-be-lius)
*Räikkönen (RÄIK-könen)
'''Parts of Speech'''
Unlike English, Finnish does not have indefinite or definite articles (a/an/the). Finnish uses the following parts of speech:
{{columns-list|3|
#Nouns
#Pronouns
#Adjectives
#Verbs
#Adverbs
#Preposiitons
#Conjunctions
#Interjections
}}
 
 
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
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