Afghanistan Languages: Difference between revisions

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==Online Resources==
*[http://thepashto.com/ Pashto online dictionary]
*[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm Pashto Language resources]
*[http://www.afghan-web.com/language/ Afghanistan Languages (afghan-web)]
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan Afghanistan (Britannica)]


For word lists and help researching in Afghanistan records, see:
 
==Description==
With upwards of 40 distinct languages, Afghanistan is a linguistically diverse nation.<br>
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari '''Dari or Dari Persian '''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto '''Pashto'''] have official status in Afghanistan and are two of the leading languages in the country. <br>
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari '''Dari or Dari Persian ''']<br>
** is spoken by 78% as a native language or 2nd language
** is the most widely understood language as a shared language between multiple ethnic groups in the country<br>
** has served as a historical Lingua Franca between different linguistic groups in the region<br>
** is an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages Irainian Language] <br>
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto '''Pashto''']<br>
** is spoken by 35%
** is not multi-ethnic and is not as commonly spoken by non-Pashtuns
** is an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages Iranian language] <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
 
Other regional languages are spoken by minority groups across the country. They are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them. These include: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language '''Uzbek'''] is spoken by 10% 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_language '''Turkmen'''] is spoken by 2%
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language '''Balochi'''] is spoken by 1%
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashayi_languages '''Pashayi'''] is spoken by 1%
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristani_languages '''Nuristani'''] is spoken by 1%
 
English is most spoken as a foreign language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
 
==Word List(s)==
'''Dari or Dari Persian '''
*[[Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List|Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List|Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List]]
<br>
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/dari.htm Useful phrases in Dari (Omniglot)]
*[http://http://www.afghan-web.com/language/ Languages]  
 
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Afghanistan Languages/Ethnologue]
'''Pashto'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto#Vocabulary Pashto Vocabulary (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/pashto.php Useful phrases in Pashto (Omniglot)]
 
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''Dari or Dari Persian '''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari#Phonology Dari Phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dari.htm Dari Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://forvo.com/languages/prs/ Dari pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
 
'''Pashto'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_phonology Pashto phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm Pashto Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://forvo.com/languages/ps/ Pashto pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
 
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''Dari or Dari Persian '''
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/prs English to Dari Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/dari_dictionary.htm Dari dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[http://ilanguages.org/dari.php Learn Dari (ilanguages)]
* Bulkin, Carleton. ''Dari practical dictionary : Dari-English English-Dari.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/858731557 WorldCat].
 
'''Pashto'''
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ps English to Pashto Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm Pashto dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[http://ilanguages.org/pashto.php Learn Pashto (ilanguages)]
* Khattak, Niazi. ''The Pashto dictionary : a concise English-Pashto dictionary.'' n.p.: n.p., 2021. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1268548840 WorldCat].
* Pimsleur (Firm). ''Conversational Pashto.'' New York: Pimsleur, 2010. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/667693217 WorldCat].
 
==Additional Resources==
* Yarzi, Shawali. ''English, Pashto & Dari dictionary.'' London: Sabawoon Language Services, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/698134929 WorldCat].
 
==References==
 


[[Category:Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]

Revision as of 11:49, 20 March 2024

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Online Resources[edit | edit source]


Description[edit | edit source]

With upwards of 40 distinct languages, Afghanistan is a linguistically diverse nation.
The Dari or Dari Persian and Pashto have official status in Afghanistan and are two of the leading languages in the country.

  • Dari or Dari Persian
    • is spoken by 78% as a native language or 2nd language
    • is the most widely understood language as a shared language between multiple ethnic groups in the country
    • has served as a historical Lingua Franca between different linguistic groups in the region
    • is an Irainian Language
  • Pashto
    • is spoken by 35%
    • is not multi-ethnic and is not as commonly spoken by non-Pashtuns
    • is an Iranian language [1]

Other regional languages are spoken by minority groups across the country. They are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them. These include: [2]

English is most spoken as a foreign language. [3]

Word List(s)[edit | edit source]

Dari or Dari Persian

Pashto

Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]

Dari or Dari Persian

Pashto

Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]

Dari or Dari Persian

Pashto

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

  • Yarzi, Shawali. English, Pashto & Dari dictionary. London: Sabawoon Language Services, 2009. Available at: WorldCat.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.
  2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.
  3. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.
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