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{{Australia | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Australia | |||
|Name=Australia | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Naturalization and Citizenship | |||
|Rating=Acceptable | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Australia Genealogy|Australia]] | |||
| link2= | |||
| link3= | |||
| link4= | |||
| link5=[[Australia Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]] | |||
}} | |||
===National Archives of Australia<ref>"National Archives of Australia", https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/immigration-and-citizenship/citizenship-records, accessed 6 March 2022.</ref>=== | |||
To search indexed Australia citizenship records, see: | |||
*[https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/immigration-and-citizenship/citizenship-records '''Citizenship Records'''] National Archives of Australia | |||
**Scroll down and click on "Finding citizenship records" | |||
**Click on "[https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/scripts/AutoSearch.asp?O=NS '''NameSearch''']" | |||
**Fill in family name and/or given names | |||
**Select a category of records (such as "All records") | |||
**Click "search" | |||
What's included in citizenship records? Citizenship records include information such as: | |||
*date of arrival in Australia | |||
*ship or flight travelled on | |||
*town and country of birth | |||
*names of other family members | |||
*education | |||
*profession | |||
*address in Australia at the time of naturalisation<br> | |||
"The National Archives holds Commonwealth naturalisation and citizenship records from 1904 onwards. We also have naturalisation records for the Colony of Victoria from 1848 to 1903 and the Province of South Australia before 1904. We hold two main types of citizenship records: | |||
*naturalisation certificates (up to 1962) | |||
*naturalisation case files<br> | |||
Case files give more detail than certificates. They include: | |||
*the citizenship application | |||
*the oath of allegiance | |||
*other documents<br> | |||
To find citizenship records: | |||
*use the [https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/SearchScreens/NameSearch.aspx '''NameSearch''''] tab in RecordSearch | |||
*type in the surname | |||
*type in the given name | |||
*in ‘Category of records’, select ‘Immigration and naturalisation records’ | |||
== History == | |||
"Citizenship" is a relatively recent category in Australian law and record-keeping. Australians only became citizens on the 26th January 1949 after the commencement of the first ''Nationality and Citizenship Act'' 1948 (Cth). A proposal to have the term included in the ''Australian Constitution'' (1901) was rejected by a drafting convention and reference is made only to "subjects of the Queen" colloquially known as "British subjects" and the disqualification of any "citizen of a foreign power" from eligibility for Parliament. From 1949 until 1984, Australians were simultaneously citizens and British subjects: citizen status became exclusive after 22 November 1984 and British nationals who had not become Australian citizens lost a number of their rights. Formal restrictions on Australians enjoying dual citizenship were removed in 2002 although there were some circumstances before then under which Australian citizens might have acquired or retained another citizenship. | "Citizenship" is a relatively recent category in Australian law and record-keeping. Australians only became citizens on the 26th January 1949 after the commencement of the first ''Nationality and Citizenship Act'' 1948 (Cth). A proposal to have the term included in the ''Australian Constitution'' (1901) was rejected by a drafting convention and reference is made only to "subjects of the Queen" colloquially known as "British subjects" and the disqualification of any "citizen of a foreign power" from eligibility for Parliament. From 1949 until 1984, Australians were simultaneously citizens and British subjects: citizen status became exclusive after 22 November 1984 and British nationals who had not become Australian citizens lost a number of their rights. Formal restrictions on Australians enjoying dual citizenship were removed in 2002 although there were some circumstances before then under which Australian citizens might have acquired or retained another citizenship. | ||
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On early shipping lists passengers are usually listed as either "British subjects" (BS) or "foreigners". Documents listing a person as being "British" does not necessarily mean that they were born in Britain, merely that they were British subjects. To distinguish as between British subjects, the concepts of "native" and "resident" were used: a British subject native of Australia was a person born in one of the Australian colonies or, after 1901, in the Commonwealth of Australia; an Australian resident was a person whose usual place of domicile was Australia. | On early shipping lists passengers are usually listed as either "British subjects" (BS) or "foreigners". Documents listing a person as being "British" does not necessarily mean that they were born in Britain, merely that they were British subjects. To distinguish as between British subjects, the concepts of "native" and "resident" were used: a British subject native of Australia was a person born in one of the Australian colonies or, after 1901, in the Commonwealth of Australia; an Australian resident was a person whose usual place of domicile was Australia. | ||
Foreigners did not enjoy the same rights as British subjects: for example, they could not vote (so their names will not appear on voter rolls), they could not own land, they could not be employed as public servants including as teachers and police. | Foreigners did not enjoy the same rights as British subjects: for example, they could not vote (so their names will not appear on voter rolls), they could not own land, they could not be employed as public servants including as teachers and police. | ||
== Denization and naturalization == | == Denization and naturalization == | ||
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From 1 January 1904, the Commonwealth assumed jurisdiction exclusive of the States to issue certificates of naturalization. | From 1 January 1904, the Commonwealth assumed jurisdiction exclusive of the States to issue certificates of naturalization. | ||
== Finding the Records == | |||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190316095900/http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/on-migration-citizenship/ Fact Sheets on Migration and Citizenship] at the National Archives of Australia | |||
=== Commonwealth of Australia === | === Commonwealth of Australia === | ||
Records are held in the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia]. Naturalisation records held in Canberra are described in [http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs68.aspx Fact sheet 68] and citizenship records in [http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs187.aspx Fact sheet 187]. Access is open after twenty (20) years. | Records are held in the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia]. Naturalisation records held in Canberra are described in [http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs68.aspx Fact sheet 68], [http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/explore/migration/naturalisation.aspx naturalisation] and citizenship records in [http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs187.aspx Fact sheet 187]. Access is open after twenty (20) years. | ||
=== New South Wales === | === New South Wales === | ||
*'''1834-1903''': [https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/node/1481/browse Naturalization Index 1834-1903] at NSW Archives, index. Name search for non-British subjects wishing to own land or vote in NSW. This index contains over 5500 entries and was compiled from one record series. | |||
All surviving records are held by State Records, New South Wales. See their [ | *'''1849-1903''': [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1549 New South Wales, Australia, Certificates of Naturalization] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
All surviving records are held by State Records, New South Wales. See their [https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/naturalization-citizenship-guide guides and indexes] - Naturalization and denization records, 1834-1903. | |||
In New South Wales (which, at that time, included what is now Victoria and Queensland), an alien could apply to the Governor for denization and, if granted, swore certain oaths before a Judge of the Supreme Court and these records were kept in the Supreme Court. | In New South Wales (which, at that time, included what is now Victoria and Queensland), an alien could apply to the Governor for denization and, if granted, swore certain oaths before a Judge of the Supreme Court and these records were kept in the Supreme Court. | ||
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Although the denization procedure was not formally abolished until 1898, there is no record of the issue of letters of denization after 1848. | Although the denization procedure was not formally abolished until 1898, there is no record of the issue of letters of denization after 1848. | ||
From 1849 a person born outside the British Empire and who had lived in New South Wales for at least five years could apply for naturalization. Records were kept in the Supreme Court and, until 1859, a register of certificates issued was kept by the Colonial Secretary. From 1876 until 1903, naturalization records were kept by the Colonial Secretary. | From 1849 a person born outside the British Empire and who had lived in New South Wales for at least five years could apply for naturalization. Records were kept in the Supreme Court and, until 1859, a register of certificates issued was kept by the Colonial Secretary. From 1876 until 1903, naturalization records were kept by the Colonial Secretary. | ||
=== Tasmania === | === Tasmania === | ||
In 1834 a trial in Van Dieman's Land (Now Tasmania) was aborted when it was discovered that one of the jurors was an alien: an act enabling the Lieutenant Governor to grant letters of denization was passed in 1835; it remained in force until 1861. Records are held by the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office (TAHO): see [http://www.linc.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/guides-records/Pages/Naturalisations.aspx Naturalisations]: records relating to naturalisations; and [http://search.archives.tas.gov.au/default.aspx?detail=1&type=S&id=SC415 Series: SC415] | In 1834 a trial in Van Dieman's Land (Now Tasmania) was aborted when it was discovered that one of the jurors was an alien: an act enabling the Lieutenant Governor to grant letters of denization was passed in 1835; it remained in force until 1861. Records are held by the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office (TAHO): see [http://www.linc.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/guides-records/Pages/Naturalisations.aspx Naturalisations]: records relating to naturalisations; and [http://search.archives.tas.gov.au/default.aspx?detail=1&type=S&id=SC415 Series: SC415] : Copies of Certificates of Denization and Naturalisation Enrolled in the Supreme Court, 14 May 1835 to 27 Oct 1905. | ||
=== South Australia === | === South Australia === | ||
*'''1849-1903''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/south-australia-naturalisations-1849-1903 South Australia Naturalisations] at Findmypast - index ($) | |||
All surviving records from 1848 - 1903 were transferred to the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia] and are kept in their Adelaide office. The registers were microfilmed in 1963 and copies held in the | <br> | ||
All surviving records from 1848 - 1903 were transferred to the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia] and are kept in their Adelaide office. The registers were microfilmed in 1963 and copies held in the FamilySearch Library: {{FSC|255499|item|disp=Registers of certificates of naturalization for South Australia, 1849- 1903}}. | |||
=== Victoria === | === Victoria === | ||
All surviving records (1852 - 1903) were transferred to the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia]. The registers were microfilmed in 1963 and copies held in the | All surviving records (1852 - 1903) were transferred to the [http://www.naa.gov.au/ National Archives of Australia]. The registers were microfilmed in 1963 and copies held in the FamilySearch Library: {{FSC|255508|item|disp=Registers of certificates of naturalization for Victoria, 1858-1903}}. | ||
=== Queensland === | === Queensland === | ||
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=== Western Australia === | === Western Australia === | ||
Naturalisation records were held by the Colonial Secretary and have been transferred to the [ | Naturalisation records were held by the Colonial Secretary and have been transferred to the [https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/state-records-office-of-western-australia State Records Office of Western Australia]: [https://archive.sro.wa.gov.au/index.php/registers-naturalization-s1547 Registers - Naturalisation, 1871-1903, Series 1547, Consignment 1157]. | ||
Copies held in the Battye Library, Perth were filmed in 1975 and are held in the | Copies held in the Battye Library, Perth were filmed in 1975 and are held in the FamilySearch Library: {{FSC|208900|item|disp=Naturalization register, 1841-1903}} and {{FSC|208896|item|disp=Naturalization certificates issued, 1871-1903}}. | ||
== Finding guides by nationality == | == Finding guides by nationality == | ||
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[[Category:Australia]] | [[Category:Australia]] | ||
[[Category:Naturalization_and_Citizenship | [[Category:Naturalization_and_Citizenship]] | ||
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