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{{Bulgaria | {{CountrySidebar | ||
{{breadcrumb | |Country=Bulgaria | ||
|Name=Bulgaria | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=History | |||
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| link5=[[Bulgaria History|History ]] | | link5=[[Bulgaria History|History ]] | ||
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==Political History== | ==Political History== | ||
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[[Image:Bulgariahis.jpg|thumb|left]] Eastern Rumelia, the southeastern portion of Bulgaria, was added to the country in 1885. Taking advantage of the Young Turk revolution in the Ottoman Empire, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria proclaimed the full independence of Bulgaria in 1908 and assumed the title of czar. | [[Image:Bulgariahis.jpg|thumb|left]] Eastern Rumelia, the southeastern portion of Bulgaria, was added to the country in 1885. Taking advantage of the Young Turk revolution in the Ottoman Empire, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria proclaimed the full independence of Bulgaria in 1908 and assumed the title of czar. | ||
Bulgaria participated in the victorious coalition against | Bulgaria participated in the victorious coalition against Türkiye in the First Balkan War (1912). The coalition dissolved over territorial disputes, however, and in the Second Balkan War (1913) Bulgaria was quickly defeated by Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, and Türkiye. More territory was added to the southern end of the country at this time. Bulgaria allied itself with Germany in World Wars I and II and twice more suffered defeats. Bulgaria’s involvement in these wars was partly due to its ambitions to regain territory lost in the Second Balkan War. Boris III ruled Bulgaria between the world wars. In 1944 the Red Army entered Bulgaria and installed a communist satellite regime. Under the presidency of Georgi Dimitrov, farms were collectivized and industry nationalized. The communist regime lasted until 1990 when Bulgaria re-emerged as an independent nation. | ||
The ethnic minority of Turks was subjected to forced cultural assimilation beginning in 1984. In May 1989 | The ethnic minority of Turks was subjected to forced cultural assimilation beginning in 1984. In May 1989 Türkiye announced its willingness to accept ethnic Turks from Bulgaria. Before August 1989 when Türkiye closed the border, 310,000 Bulgarian Turks had fled to Türkiye. More than 50,000 returned following the adoption of democratic reforms by a new leadership in late 1989. | ||
===Republic of Bulgaria (1990 to present)=== | ===Republic of Bulgaria (1990 to present)=== | ||
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1944 - A left-wing uprising led to the abolition of monarchic rule and the executions of some 1,000—3,000 dissidents, war criminals, and members of the former royal elite<br> | 1944 - A left-wing uprising led to the abolition of monarchic rule and the executions of some 1,000—3,000 dissidents, war criminals, and members of the former royal elite<br> | ||
1946 - 1949 Bulgaria fell into the Soviet sphere of influence under the leadership of Georgi Dimitrov, who established a repressive, rapidly industrializing Stalinist state<br> | 1946 - 1949 Bulgaria fell into the Soviet sphere of influence under the leadership of Georgi Dimitrov, who established a repressive, rapidly industrializing Stalinist state<br> | ||
1984 - 1984 The government forced the minority ethnic Turks to adopt Slavic names in an attempt to erase their identity and assimilate them. These policies resulted in the emigration of some 300,000 ethnic Turks to | 1984 - 1984 The government forced the minority ethnic Turks to adopt Slavic names in an attempt to erase their identity and assimilate them. These policies resulted in the emigration of some 300,000 ethnic Turks to Türkiye.<br> | ||
==Religious History== | |||
Bulgaria was converted to Christianity in the 9th century. Bulgarian culture was preserved in the monasteries of the Orthodox Church during Ottoman rule. Antagonism towards Greek influence over the Orthodox Church lead to a struggle for autonomy that was declared in 1860 and finally recognized by the Turkish sultan in 1870. A majority of the Christian population remains Orthodox. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is divided into 11 dioceses. Groups of Muslims, Roman Catholics, Protestants, and Jews also exist in the country.<ref>Genealogical Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Outline for Genealogical Research in Bulgaria,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1982.</ref> | |||
==Online Sources== | |||
*[http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Bulgaria.html Culture of Bulgaria] | |||
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria Bulgaria History and Culture by Britannica.com] | |||
*[https://www.slavorum.org/bulgarian-history-until-the-liberation-from-ottoman-rule-in-1878/ Bulgarian History - Ottoman rule to 1878] | |||
*[http://www.applet-magic.com/bulgaria.htm The Economy and Economic History of Bulgaria] | |||
*[http://vlib.iue.it/history/europe/bulgaria.html Collection of Histories] | |||
==References== | |||
[[Category:Bulgaria]] | [[Category:Bulgaria]][[Category:Histories]] | ||
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