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'''1804-1810''' German colonies are founded in the Black Sea region. Colonies are established in the Odessa and Beresan districts of Kherson province, in the Molotschna district in Tavrida, and in the Crimea. | '''1804-1810''' German colonies are founded in the Black Sea region. Colonies are established in the Odessa and Beresan districts of Kherson province, in the Molotschna district in Tavrida, and in the Crimea. | ||
'''1813''' Alexander I invites colonists to settle in Bessarabia province. (This was territory acquired from | '''1813''' Alexander I invites colonists to settle in Bessarabia province. (This was territory acquired from Türkiye in 1812.) | ||
'''1814-1834''' German colonies are founded in Bessarabia. | '''1814-1834''' German colonies are founded in Bessarabia. | ||
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In addition, local histories should be studied and enjoyed for the background information they can provide about your family's life-style and the community and environment in which your family lived. Examples of this kind of history are: | In addition, local histories should be studied and enjoyed for the background information they can provide about your family's life-style and the community and environment in which your family lived. Examples of this kind of history are: | ||
*Scheuerman, Richard Dean, and Richard D. Scheuerman. ''The Volga Germans: Pioneers of the Northwest''. Moscow, Idaho: University Press, 1980. ( | *Scheuerman, Richard Dean, and Richard D. Scheuerman. ''The Volga Germans: Pioneers of the Northwest''. Moscow, Idaho: University Press, 1980. (FS Library book 979.5 F2v; computer number 58887). History including German origins, Russian colonies, settlement in Kansas and Nebraska, and move to Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alberta. | ||
*Sallet, Richard. ''Russian-German Settlements in the United States''. Lavern J. Ripplley and Armand Bauer. Fargo, N. Dak.: North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, 1974. ( | *Sallet, Richard. ''Russian-German Settlements in the United States''. Lavern J. Ripplley and Armand Bauer. Fargo, N. Dak.: North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, 1974. (FS Library book 973 F2rs; fiche 6089058; computer number 104509). History of Lutherans and Catholics in the Black Sea and Volga regions, and their settlement in America. | ||
For some localities, especially in the United States, there may be more than one history. Thousands of histories have been written about local towns and communities in the United States and Canada, dozens about communities in Russia. Although fewer local histories have been published for towns, counties, provinces, or regions in Russia, a careful search for available histories for your ancestor's locality is well worthwhile. | For some localities, especially in the United States, there may be more than one history. Thousands of histories have been written about local towns and communities in the United States and Canada, dozens about communities in Russia. Although fewer local histories have been published for towns, counties, provinces, or regions in Russia, a careful search for available histories for your ancestor's locality is well worthwhile. | ||
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For further information about finding local histories which may include Germans from Russia in the United States or Canada see the “History” pages of the [[United States History|United States]] Wiki article, and the [[Canada History|Canada]] Wiki article. | For further information about finding local histories which may include Germans from Russia in the United States or Canada see the “History” pages of the [[United States History|United States]] Wiki article, and the [[Canada History|Canada]] Wiki article. | ||
The | The FamilySearch Library has some local histories for German villages in Russia. Similar histories are often available at major public and university libraries and archives, as well. | ||
Some examples of material containing collections of local histories with a significant population of Germans from Russia include: | Some examples of material containing collections of local histories with a significant population of Germans from Russia include: | ||
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=== Russia === | === Russia === | ||
*Arends, Shirley Fischer. ''The Central Dakota Germans: Their History, Language, and Culture''. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1989. ( | *Arends, Shirley Fischer. ''The Central Dakota Germans: Their History, Language, and Culture''. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1989. (FS Library book 978 H2as; computer number 536438). Includes a brief history of Black Sea and Bessarabian places of origin. | ||
*Auerbach, Hans. ''Die Besiedelung der Südukraine in den Jahren 1774-1787 (History of the colonization and development of the souther Ukraine from 1774-1787)''. Veröffentlichungen des Osteuropa-Institutes Müchen; Bd. 25. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1965. ( | *Auerbach, Hans. ''Die Besiedelung der Südukraine in den Jahren 1774-1787 (History of the colonization and development of the souther Ukraine from 1774-1787)''. Veröffentlichungen des Osteuropa-Institutes Müchen; Bd. 25. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1965. (FS Library book 947.71 H2a.) Indexed. | ||
*Wagner, Immanuel. ''Geschichte der Gründung derKolonie Sarata 1822-1832 (History of the founding of the Colony of Sarata 1822-1832)''. Stuttgart/Mühlacker: Heimatmuseum der Deutschen aus Bessarabien, 1967. ( | *Wagner, Immanuel. ''Geschichte der Gründung derKolonie Sarata 1822-1832 (History of the founding of the Colony of Sarata 1822-1832)''. Stuttgart/Mühlacker: Heimatmuseum der Deutschen aus Bessarabien, 1967. (FS Library book 947.71/S1 H2w). | ||
=== United States === | === United States === | ||
In North America, the Germans from Russia were attracted to the great prairies, which were not unlike the steppes of Russia where they had been farming for generations. Volga Germans settled mostly in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas. The greatest concentration of Black Sea Germans is in the Dakotas. German Mennonites from Russia settled in Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, California, and Manitoba. Most Volhynian Germans settled in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Western Canada.<ref>The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Germans From Russia: Genealogical Research Outline," Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1999.</ref> | In North America, the Germans from Russia were attracted to the great prairies, which were not unlike the steppes of Russia where they had been farming for generations. Volga Germans settled mostly in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas. The greatest concentration of Black Sea Germans is in the Dakotas. German Mennonites from Russia settled in Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, California, and Manitoba. Most Volhynian Germans settled in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Western Canada.<ref>The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Germans From Russia: Genealogical Research Outline," Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1999.</ref> | ||
*Rife, Janet Warkentin. ''Germans and German-Russians in Nebraska: A Research Guide to Nebraska Ethnic Studies''. Lincoln, Nebr.: Center for Great Plains Studies, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln: Nebraska Curriculum Development Center, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1980. ( | *Rife, Janet Warkentin. ''Germans and German-Russians in Nebraska: A Research Guide to Nebraska Ethnic Studies''. Lincoln, Nebr.: Center for Great Plains Studies, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln: Nebraska Curriculum Development Center, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1980. (FS Library book 978.2 F23r; computer number 380921). Sources regarding history, churches, communities, museums, and newspapers. | ||
=== Both Russia and Germany === | === Both Russia and Germany === | ||
*Brendle, Johannes. ''Aus deutschen Kolonien in Kutschurganer Gebiet (German Settlements in the Kutschurgan District)''. Stuttgart: Ausland und Heimat Verlags-A.G., 1930. ( | *Brendle, Johannes. ''Aus deutschen Kolonien in Kutschurganer Gebiet (German Settlements in the Kutschurgan District)''. Stuttgart: Ausland und Heimat Verlags-A.G., 1930. (FS Library book 943 W2sd; computer number ???). Describes Catholic settlements with lists of settlers for each village with ages, relationships and places or origin in Germany. | ||
=== Both Russia and the United States === | === Both Russia and the United States === | ||
*Aberle, George P. ''From the Steppes to the Prairies: the Story of the Germans Settling in Russia on the Volga and Ukraine, also the Germans Settling in the Banat, and the Bohemians in Crimea: Their Resettlement in the Americas, North and South American and in Canada''. Dickinson, N. Dak.: Aberle, 1964. ( | *Aberle, George P. ''From the Steppes to the Prairies: the Story of the Germans Settling in Russia on the Volga and Ukraine, also the Germans Settling in the Banat, and the Bohemians in Crimea: Their Resettlement in the Americas, North and South American and in Canada''. Dickinson, N. Dak.: Aberle, 1964. (FS Library book 947 F2a.) | ||
*Keller, Conrad. ''The German Colonies in South Russia. [Saskatoon: N.p., 1968, 1973]''. ( | *Keller, Conrad. ''The German Colonies in South Russia. [Saskatoon: N.p., 1968, 1973]''. (FS Library book 947.7 F2k; film 873989.) Volume 2 includes details about the Beresan Catholic colonies, including lists of inhabitants in 1839-1840, their ages, relationships, and places of origin in Germany. | ||
*Rath, George. ''The Black Sea Germans in the Dakotas''. Freeman, S.Dak.: Pine Hill Press, 1977. ( | *Rath, George. ''The Black Sea Germans in the Dakotas''. Freeman, S.Dak.: Pine Hill Press, 1977. (FS Library book 978 F2r; film 1036735 item 2; computer number 5099). Includes origins in dozens of Russian communities, immigration, settelement in the Dakotas, church history, and brief Dakota community histories. | ||
A helpful bibliography of local histories in the Dakotas is: | A helpful bibliography of local histories in the Dakotas is: | ||
*Miller, Michael M. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18561523&referer=brief_results ''Researching Germans from Russia''] Fargo, N.Dak.: Institute, 1987, pages 68-75. ( | *Miller, Michael M. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18561523&referer=brief_results ''Researching Germans from Russia''] Fargo, N.Dak.: Institute, 1987, pages 68-75. (FS Library book 978.4 F23n) Local histories in Dakotas. | ||
== Calendar Changes == | == Calendar Changes == | ||
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since | The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since 46 B.C. Leap years had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar. By 1582, the calendar was ten days behind the solar year. | ||
In Germany the switch to the Gregorian from the Julian calendar was determined by local politics. Therefore, some parts of Germany switched as early as 1582, other parts of the country waited until 1700, and many places switched somewhere in between. For further details about calendar changes in Germany and how it affects genealogists, see the [[Germany History#Calendar_Changes|Germany History]] Wiki page. The British Empire, including Canada and the United States, switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1752. Russia did not switch to the Gregorian calendar until the Russian Revolution of 1917. In 1929 the Soviets instituted yet another calendar designed to remove religion from it. Click here to read about the [[Soviet Calendar]]. The Russian Orthodox Church still uses the old calendar to calculate holidays. | In Germany the switch to the Gregorian from the Julian calendar was determined by local politics. Therefore, some parts of Germany switched as early as 1582, other parts of the country waited until 1700, and many places switched somewhere in between. For further details about calendar changes in Germany and how it affects genealogists, see the [[Germany History#Calendar_Changes|Germany History]] Wiki page. The British Empire, including Canada and the United States, switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1752. Russia did not switch to the Gregorian calendar until the Russian Revolution of 1917. In 1929 the Soviets instituted yet another calendar designed to remove religion from it. Click here to read about the [[Soviet Calendar]]. The Russian Orthodox Church still uses the old calendar to calculate holidays. | ||
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{{GFR|Germans from Russia}} | {{GFR|Germans from Russia}} | ||
[[Category:Germans_from_Russia | [[Category:Germans_from_Russia]] [[Category:Timeline]][[Category:Histories]] | ||
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