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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The most-used calendar in the modern world today is the Gregorian Calendar, named after Pope Gregory. It is based on a standard year of 365 days with modifications to keep it consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun. Though not perfect, the Gregorian Calendar will take 3300 years before being one day off. | The most-used calendar in the modern world today is the Gregorian Calendar, named after Pope Gregory. It is based on a standard year of 365 days with modifications to keep it consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun. Though not perfect, the Gregorian Calendar will take 3300 years before being one day off. | ||
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This list has been compiled from various sources (see the list of works consulted at the bottom of the page). The reader will notice that there are sometimes more than one date for conversion for one particular jurisdiction. This is due to several factors. First, sometimes the sources do not agree and most do not give sources. In such cases, it might be impossible to determine the correct date of conversion. Second, a jurisdiction may have made a conversion when the Julian date ended at the end of a year and the Gregorian date took effect in the new year. Some sources list the previous year as the year of conversion, whereas others list the new year as the year of conversion. Third, parts of some jurisdictions may have converted, whereas other parts may have converted later. This is particularly true in Switzerland. Finally, a jurisdiction may have converted to the Gregorian, then back the Julian, then back to the Gregorian (e.g. Groningen). In such cases, the researcher is advised to consult all the sources listed below. | This list has been compiled from various sources (see the list of works consulted at the bottom of the page). The reader will notice that there are sometimes more than one date for conversion for one particular jurisdiction. This is due to several factors. First, sometimes the sources do not agree and most do not give sources. In such cases, it might be impossible to determine the correct date of conversion. Second, a jurisdiction may have made a conversion when the Julian date ended at the end of a year and the Gregorian date took effect in the new year. Some sources list the previous year as the year of conversion, whereas others list the new year as the year of conversion. Third, parts of some jurisdictions may have converted, whereas other parts may have converted later. This is particularly true in Switzerland. Finally, a jurisdiction may have converted to the Gregorian, then back the Julian, then back to the Gregorian (e.g. Groningen). In such cases, the researcher is advised to consult all the sources listed below. | ||
Year of adoption of the Gregorian Calendar. This means that the year given is the beginning year that the country/province/canton began using the Gregorian calendar and when you should start using the Gregorian feast day converter. Before that year, use the Julian converter. For example, Albania used the Julian calendar until 1912, when it switched to the Gregorian. It should be noted that this chart lists only the year, not the date, of conversion. For the exact date (which will be important!), the researcher is again advised to consult the sources listed below. | Year of adoption of the Gregorian Calendar. This means that the year given is the beginning year that the country/province/canton began using the Gregorian calendar and when you should start using the Gregorian feast day converter. Before that year, use the Julian converter. For example, Albania used the Julian calendar until 1912, when it switched to the Gregorian. It should be noted that this chart lists only the year, not the date, of conversion. For the exact date (which will be important!), the researcher is again advised to consult the sources listed below.<ref>Parise, Frank. The Book of Calendars. New York, New York: Facts on File, 1982. http://dpgi.unina.it/giudice/calendar/Adoption.html.</ref><ref>GenWiki contributors, "Gregorianischer Kalender," in ''GenWiki'', http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Gregorianischer_Kalender, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gregorian calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Adoption, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Adoption of the Gregorian calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"The Gregorian calendar," in ''The Calendar FAQ'', https://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/gregorian.php, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"The Change from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar," in ''Ancesteor Search'', http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"Countries' Calendar Reform," in ''Calendars through the Ages'', http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-countries.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Professor Robert A. Hatch, "The Gregorian Conversion," in ''The Scientific Revolution'', http://users.clas.ufl.edu/ufhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/Historical-Research/Calendars/gregorian_calendar_history.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Country | !Country | ||
! Start numbered year<br>on 1 January | !Start numbered year<br>on 1 January | ||
! Adoption of<br>Gregorian Calendar | !Adoption of<br>Gregorian Calendar | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Albania Genealogy|Albania]] | |[[Albania Genealogy|Albania]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 38: | ||
|1912 | |1912 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Alsace (Elsaß)]] | |[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Alsace (Elsaß)]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1648, 1682 | |1648, 1682 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Lorraine]] | |[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Lorraine]] | ||
| 1579 | |1579 | ||
| 1682 | |1682 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Austria Genealogy|Austria (Österreich)]] | |[[Austria Genealogy|Austria (Österreich)]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
| Line 55: | Line 62: | ||
|1584 | |1584 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Great Britain Genealogy|Great | |[[Great Britain Genealogy|Great Britain, British Empire]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1752 | |1752 | ||
| Line 67: | Line 74: | ||
|1912 | |1912 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechoslovakia]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1584 | |1584 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Denmark Genealogy|Denmark]] and [[Norway Genealogy|Norway]] | |[[Denmark Genealogy|Denmark]] and [[Norway Genealogy|Norway]] | ||
| Gradual change from<br>13th to 16th centuries<ref>Herluf Nielsen: ''Kronologi'' (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp.48-50.</ref> | |Gradual change from<br>13th to 16th centuries<ref>Herluf Nielsen: ''Kronologi'' (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp.48-50.</ref> | ||
| 1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Dutch Republic]] | |[[The Netherlands Genealogy|Dutch Republic]] | ||
| 1583 | |1583 | ||
| from 1582 | |from 1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]] | |[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]] | ||
| Line 91: | Line 98: | ||
|1753 | |1753 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[France Genealogy|France]] | |[[France Genealogy|France]] | ||
| 1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref> | |1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref> | ||
| 1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Alsace|France, Alsace]] | |[[Alsace|France, Alsace]] | ||
| Line 143: | Line 150: | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Germany, Cologne (Köln) | |Germany, Cologne (Köln) | ||
| | | | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
| Line 162: | Line 169: | ||
| | | | ||
|1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Germany, Hennegau | |Germany, Hennegau | ||
| Line 268: | Line 274: | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Greece | |[[Greece Genealogy|Greece]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1923 | |1923 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Great Britain|Britain]] and | |[[Great Britain|Britain]] and [[British Empire]]<br>except Scotland | ||
| 1752<ref name="Blackburn" /> | |1752<ref name="Blackburn" /> | ||
| 1752 | |1752 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Holy Roman Empire | ||
| 1544 | |1544 | ||
| from 1583 | |from 1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Hungary | |[[Hungary Genealogy|Hungary]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1582, 1587 | |1582, 1587 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Ireland | |[[Ireland Genealogy|Ireland]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1752 | |1752 | ||
| Line 320: | Line 326: | ||
|1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Czechia Genealogy|Moravia]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1584 | |1584 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Brabant | ||
| | | | ||
|1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Drenthe | ||
| | | | ||
|1701 | |1701 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Flanders | ||
| | | | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Friesland | ||
| | | | ||
|1701 | |1701 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Gelderland | ||
| | | | ||
|1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Groningen | ||
| | | | ||
|1583, 1701 | |1583, 1701 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Holland | ||
| | | | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Limburg | ||
| | | | ||
|1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Overijssel | ||
| | | | ||
|1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Southern Provinces | ||
| | | | ||
|1583 | |1583 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Utrecht | ||
| | | | ||
|1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Zeeland | ||
| | | | ||
|1582 | |1582 | ||
| Line 384: | Line 390: | ||
|1584 | |1584 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]] | |[[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]] | ||
| 1556 | |1556 | ||
| 1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Prussia]] | |[[Prussia (Preußen), German Empire Genealogy|Prussia]] | ||
| 1559 | |1559 | ||
| 1610, 1700 | |1610, 1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Romania Genealogy|Romania]] | |[[Romania Genealogy|Romania]] | ||
| Line 404: | Line 410: | ||
|1918 | |1918 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]] | |[[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]] | ||
| 1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[ | |1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Handy_book_of_Rules_and_Tables_for_Verif.html?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref> | ||
| 1752 | |1752 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Southern Netherlands]] | |[[The Netherlands Genealogy|Southern Netherlands]] | ||
| 1576<ref>Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang Osteranfang]" (Easter beginning), ''[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit]'' (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891-1898)</ref> | |1576<ref>Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang Osteranfang]" (Easter beginning), ''[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit]'' (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891-1898)</ref> | ||
| 1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Spain Genealogy|Spain]] | |[[Spain Genealogy|Spain]] | ||
| 1556 | |1556 | ||
| 1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Alsace|Strasbourg]] | |[[Alsace|Strasbourg]] | ||
| Line 504: | Line 510: | ||
|1700 | |1700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Türkiye Genealogy|Türkiye]] | ||
| | | | ||
|1927 | |1927 | ||
| Line 521: | Line 527: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] | |[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] | ||
| 1700<ref>Roscoe Lamont, [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L The reform of the Julian calendar], ''Popular Astronomy'' '''28''' (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp.23–24.</ref> | |1700<ref>Roscoe Lamont, [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L The reform of the Julian calendar], ''Popular Astronomy'' '''28''' (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp.23–24.</ref> | ||
| 1918 | |1918 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Tuscany]] | |[[Tuscany]] | ||
| 1721 | |1721 | ||
| 1750 | |1750 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Venice, Venezia, Italy Genealogy|Venice]] | |[[Venice, Venezia, Italy Genealogy|Venice]] | ||
| 1522 | |1522 | ||
| 1582 | |1582 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Ancestor Search has published a helpful | Ancestor Search has published a helpful [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] showing when countries and regions changed from Julian to Gregorian. | ||
Fourmilab.ch has created a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that converts dates from a variety of calendars, including Julian and Gregorian. | Fourmilab.ch has created a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that converts dates from a variety of calendars, including Julian and Gregorian. | ||
| Line 542: | Line 548: | ||
Another tool that can help with Julian and Gregorian dates, especially for Germany, is GenTools6, available as a free download from [http://www.gentools6.de www.gentools6.de]. | Another tool that can help with Julian and Gregorian dates, especially for Germany, is GenTools6, available as a free download from [http://www.gentools6.de www.gentools6.de]. | ||
== References | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Calendars]] | [[Category:Calendars]] | ||
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