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==Background==
==Background==
The most-used calendar in the modern world today is the Gregorian Calendar, named after Pope Gregory. It is based on a standard year of 365 days with modifications to keep it consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun. Though not perfect, the Gregorian Calendar will take 3300 years before being one day off.
The most-used calendar in the modern world today is the Gregorian Calendar, named after Pope Gregory. It is based on a standard year of 365 days with modifications to keep it consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun. Though not perfect, the Gregorian Calendar will take 3300 years before being one day off.
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This list has been compiled from various sources (see the list of works consulted at the bottom of the page).  The reader will notice that there are sometimes more than one date for conversion for one particular jurisdiction. This is due to several factors. First, sometimes the sources do not agree and most do not give sources. In such cases, it might be impossible to determine the correct date of conversion.  Second, a jurisdiction may have made a conversion when the Julian date ended at the end of a year and the Gregorian date took effect in the new year. Some sources list the previous year as the year of conversion, whereas others list the new year as the year of conversion.  Third, parts of some jurisdictions may have converted, whereas other parts may have converted later. This is particularly true in Switzerland. Finally, a jurisdiction may have converted to the Gregorian, then back the Julian, then back to the Gregorian (e.g. Groningen).  In such cases, the researcher is advised to consult all the sources listed below.
This list has been compiled from various sources (see the list of works consulted at the bottom of the page).  The reader will notice that there are sometimes more than one date for conversion for one particular jurisdiction. This is due to several factors. First, sometimes the sources do not agree and most do not give sources. In such cases, it might be impossible to determine the correct date of conversion.  Second, a jurisdiction may have made a conversion when the Julian date ended at the end of a year and the Gregorian date took effect in the new year. Some sources list the previous year as the year of conversion, whereas others list the new year as the year of conversion.  Third, parts of some jurisdictions may have converted, whereas other parts may have converted later. This is particularly true in Switzerland. Finally, a jurisdiction may have converted to the Gregorian, then back the Julian, then back to the Gregorian (e.g. Groningen).  In such cases, the researcher is advised to consult all the sources listed below.


Year of adoption of the Gregorian Calendar. This means that the year given is the beginning year that the country/province/canton began using the Gregorian calendar and when you should start using the Gregorian feast day converter. Before that year, use the Julian converter.  For example, Albania used the Julian calendar until 1912, when it switched to the Gregorian. It should be noted that this chart lists only the year, not the date, of conversion.  For the exact date (which will be important!), the researcher is again advised to consult the sources listed below.
Year of adoption of the Gregorian Calendar. This means that the year given is the beginning year that the country/province/canton began using the Gregorian calendar and when you should start using the Gregorian feast day converter. Before that year, use the Julian converter.  For example, Albania used the Julian calendar until 1912, when it switched to the Gregorian. It should be noted that this chart lists only the year, not the date, of conversion.  For the exact date (which will be important!), the researcher is again advised to consult the sources listed below.<ref>Parise, Frank. The Book of Calendars. New York, New York: Facts on File, 1982. http://dpgi.unina.it/giudice/calendar/Adoption.html.</ref><ref>GenWiki contributors, "Gregorianischer Kalender," in ''GenWiki'', http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Gregorianischer_Kalender, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gregorian calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Adoption, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Adoption of the Gregorian calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"The Gregorian calendar," in ''The Calendar FAQ'', https://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/gregorian.php, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"The Change from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar," in ''Ancesteor Search'', http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>"Countries' Calendar Reform," in ''Calendars through the Ages'', http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-countries.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref><ref>Professor Robert A. Hatch, "The Gregorian Conversion," in ''The Scientific Revolution'', http://users.clas.ufl.edu/ufhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/Historical-Research/Calendars/gregorian_calendar_history.html, accessed 26 June 2018.</ref>




{| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
! Country  
!Country
! Start numbered year<br>on 1 January  
!Start numbered year<br>on 1 January
! Adoption of<br>Gregorian Calendar
!Adoption of<br>Gregorian Calendar
|-
|-
|[[Albania Genealogy|Albania]]
|[[Albania Genealogy|Albania]]
Line 31: Line 38:
|1912
|1912
|-
|-
|[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Alsace (Elsaß)]]  
|[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Alsace (Elsaß)]]
|
|
|1648, 1682
|1648, 1682
|-
|-
| [[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Lorraine]]  
|[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Lorraine]]
| 1579  
|1579
| 1682
|1682
|-
|-
|[[Austria Genealogy|Austria (Österreich)]]  
|[[Austria Genealogy|Austria (Österreich)]]
|
|
|1583
|1583
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|1584
|1584
|-
|-
|[[Great Britain Genealogy|Great Britian, British Empire]]
|[[Great Britain Genealogy|Great Britain, British Empire]]
|
|
|1752
|1752
Line 67: Line 74:
|1912
|1912
|-
|-
|[[Czech Republic Genealogy|Czechoslovakia]]
|[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechoslovakia]]
|
|
|1584
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Denmark Genealogy|Denmark]] and [[Norway Genealogy|Norway]]  
|[[Denmark Genealogy|Denmark]] and [[Norway Genealogy|Norway]]
| Gradual change from<br>13th to 16th centuries<ref>Herluf Nielsen: ''Kronologi'' (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp.48-50.</ref>  
|Gradual change from<br>13th to 16th centuries<ref>Herluf Nielsen: ''Kronologi'' (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp.48-50.</ref>
| 1700
|1700
|-
|-
| [[Dutch Republic]]  
|[[The Netherlands Genealogy|Dutch Republic]]
| 1583  
|1583
| from 1582
|from 1582
|-
|-
|[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]]
|[[Estonia Genealogy|Estonia]]
Line 91: Line 98:
|1753
|1753
|-
|-
| [[France Genealogy|France]]  
|[[France Genealogy|France]]
| 1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref>  
|1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref>
| 1582
|1582
|-
|-
|[[Alsace|France, Alsace]]
|[[Alsace|France, Alsace]]
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|1583
|1583
|-
|-
|Germany, Cologne (Köln)  
|Germany, Cologne (Köln)
|
|
|1583
|1583
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|
|
|1583
|1583
|-
|Germany, Hannover (kingdom)
|Germany, Hannover (kingdom)
|
|
|1700
|1700
|
|-
|-
|Germany, Hennegau
|Germany, Hennegau
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|1583
|1583
|-
|-
|[[Greece, Genealogy|Greece]]
|[[Greece Genealogy|Greece]]
|
|
|1923
|1923
|-
|-
| [[Great Britain|Britain]] and<br>[[British Empire]]<br>except Scotland  
|[[Great Britain|Britain]] and [[British Empire]]<br>except Scotland
| 1752<ref name="Blackburn" />  
|1752<ref name="Blackburn" />
| 1752
|1752
|-
|-
| [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|Holy Roman Empire
| 1544  
|1544
| from 1583
|from 1583
|-
|-
|[[Hungary, Genealogy|Hungary]]
|[[Hungary Genealogy|Hungary]]
|
|
|1582, 1587
|1582, 1587
|-
|-
|[[Ireland, Genealogy|Ireland]]
|[[Ireland Genealogy|Ireland]]
|
|
|1752
|1752
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|1582
|1582
|-
|-
| [[Spain Genealogy|Spain]]  
|[[Japan Genealogy|Japan]]
| 1556  
|
| 1582
|1873
|-
|Korea
|
|1896
|-
|[[Latvia Genealogy|Latvia]]
|
|1915
|-
|[[Lithuania Genealogy|Lithuania]]
|
|1915
|-
|[[Alsace-Lorraine, France or Germany Genealogy|Lorraine]]
|
|1682, 1760
|-
|[[Luxembourg Genealogy|Luxembourg]]
|
|1582
|-
|[[Czechia Genealogy|Moravia]]
|
|1584
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Brabant
|
|1582
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Drenthe
|
|1701
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Flanders
|
|1583
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Friesland
|
|1701
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Gelderland
|
|1700
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Groningen
|
|1583, 1701
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Holland
|
|1583
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Limburg
|
|1582
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Overijssel
|
|1700
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Southern Provinces
|
|1583
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Utrecht
|
|1700
|-
|[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]], Zeeland
|
|1582
|-
|[[Norway Genealogy|Norway]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[Poland Genealogy|Poland]]
|
|1582
|-
|[[Poland Genealogy|Poland]], Silesia
|
|1584
|-
|[[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]]
|1556
|1582
|-
|[[Prussia (Preußen), German Empire Genealogy|Prussia]]
|1559
|1610, 1700
|-
|[[Romania Genealogy|Romania]]
|
|1919
|-
|[[Transylvania, Austro-Hungarian Empire Genealogy|Transylvania]]
|
|1590
|-
|[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]]
|
|1918
|-
|[[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]]
|1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn  Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Handy_book_of_Rules_and_Tables_for_Verif.html?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref>
|1752
|-
|[[The Netherlands Genealogy|Southern Netherlands]]
|1576<ref>Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang Osteranfang]" (Easter beginning), ''[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit]'' (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891-1898)</ref>
|1582
|-
|[[Spain Genealogy|Spain]]
|1556
|1582
|-
|[[Alsace|Strasbourg]]
|
|1682
|-
|[[Sweden Genealogy|Sweden]]
|1559
|1753 (used modified calendar from 1700-1712)
|-
|[[Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland]], Appenzell
|
|1724
|-
|[[Basel (Land) Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Basel Land]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[Basel (Stadt) Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Basel Stadt]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[Bern Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Bern]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[Fribourg Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Fribourg (Freiburg)]]
|
|1584
|-
|[[Genève Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Geneva (Genf)]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[Glarus Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Glarus]]
|
|1724
|-
|[[Graubünden Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Grisons (Graubünden)]]
|
|1812
|-
|[[Lucerne Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Lucerne (Luzern)]]
|
|1584
|-
|[[Neuchâtel Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Neuchâtel]]
|
|1700
|-
|[[St. Gallen Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, St. Gallen (Sankt Gallen)]]
|
|1724
|-
|-
| [[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]]  
|[[Schaffhausen Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Schaffhausen]]
| 1556
|
| 1582
|1700
|-
|-
| [[Prussia]]  
|[[Schwyz Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Schwyz]]
| 1559
|
| 1700
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Sweden Genealogy|Sweden]]  
|[[Solothurn Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Solothurn]]
| 1559
|
| 1753
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Southern Netherlands]]  
|[[Thurgau Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Thurgau]]
| 1576<ref>Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang Osteranfang]" (Easter beginning), ''[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit]'' (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891-1898)</ref>
|
| 1582
|1700
|-
|-
| [[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]]  
|Switzerland, Unterwalden (see [[Nidwalden Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Nidwalden]] and [[Obwalden Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Obwalden]])
| 1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn  Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJprintsec=frontcover#PPR17,M1 Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref>
|
| 1752
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Russia Genealogy|Russia]]  
|[[Uri Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Uri]]
| 1700<ref>Roscoe Lamont, [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L The reform of the Julian calendar], ''Popular Astronomy'' '''28''' (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp.23–24.</ref>
|
| 1918
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Tuscany]]  
|[[Valais Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Valais (Wallis)]]
| 1721
|
| 1750
|1622, 1655, 1656
|-
|[[Zug Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Zug]]
|
|1584
|-
|-
| [[Venice, Venezia, Italy Genealogy|Venice]]  
|[[Zürich Canton, Switzerland Genealogy|Switzerland, Zürich]]
| 1522  
|
| 1582
|1700
|-
|[[Türkiye Genealogy|Türkiye]]
|
|1927
|-
|[[Tuscany, Italy Genealogy|Tuscany]]
|
|1927
|-
|USSR
|
|1918
|-
|[[Wales Genealogy|Wales]]
|
|1752
|-
 
|[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]]
|1700<ref>Roscoe Lamont, [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L The reform of the Julian calendar], ''Popular Astronomy'' '''28''' (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp.23–24.</ref>
|1918
|-
|[[Tuscany]]
|1721
|1750
|-
|[[Venice, Venezia, Italy Genealogy|Venice]]
|1522
|1582
|-
|-
|}
|}




Ancestor Search has published a helpful&nbsp;[http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] showing when countries and regions changed from Julian to Gregorian.  
Ancestor Search has published a helpful [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] showing when countries and regions changed from Julian to Gregorian.  


Fourmilab.ch has created a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that converts dates from a variety of calendars, including Julian and Gregorian.  
Fourmilab.ch has created a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that converts dates from a variety of calendars, including Julian and Gregorian.  
Line 340: Line 548:
Another tool that can help with Julian and Gregorian dates, especially for Germany, is GenTools6, available as a free download from [http://www.gentools6.de www.gentools6.de].
Another tool that can help with Julian and Gregorian dates, especially for Germany, is GenTools6, available as a free download from [http://www.gentools6.de www.gentools6.de].


== References ==
==References==


<references />  
<references />  


[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Calendars]]
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