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[[Image:{{GARoadMap}}]]The '''Georgia Road''', also called the Federal Road, was a toll road opened in 1805 from Savannah, Georgia across [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee Indian]] lands to Knoxville, Tennessee. Branches also extended to Nashville, Tennessee and Huntsville, Alabama. After improvements in 1819 it was renamed the Federal Road.<ref name="GAFedRoad">Wikipedia contributors, "Federal Road (Cherokee lands)," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Road_(Cherokee_lands) (accessed 31 July 2010).</ref> | [[Image:{{GARoadMap}}]]The '''Georgia Road''', also called the Federal Road, was a toll road opened in 1805 from Savannah, Georgia across [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee Indian]] lands to Knoxville, Tennessee. Branches also extended to Nashville, Tennessee and Huntsville, Alabama. After improvements in 1819 it was renamed the Federal Road.<ref name="GAFedRoad">Wikipedia contributors, "Federal Road (Cherokee lands)," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Road_(Cherokee_lands) (accessed 31 July 2010).</ref> | ||
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Indians, postal workers, settlers, slaves, miners, ministers, soldiers of the [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812 ]](1812-1815) and the Seminole War, and stagecoaches used the Georgia Road. Pioneers frequently squatted on Indian land next to road, and the Indians were soon forced to withdraw, or forcibly removed.<ref>"Federal Road" in ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' at http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-801 (accessed 31 July 2010).</ref> The road was improved in 1819, and was then called the "Old Federal Road." | Indians, postal workers, settlers, slaves, miners, ministers, soldiers of the [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812 ]](1812-1815) and the Seminole War, and stagecoaches used the Georgia Road. Pioneers frequently squatted on Indian land next to road, and the Indians were soon forced to withdraw, or forcibly removed.<ref>"Federal Road" in ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' at http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-801 (accessed 31 July 2010).</ref> The road was improved in 1819, and was then called the "Old Federal Road." | ||
In 1828 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush gold was discovered in Georgia]. The Georgia Road became the main route to the gold fields, many of them on Cherokee land. The miners demanded protection from Cherokee Indians. Soldiers were called in and by 1835 | In 1828 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush gold was discovered in Georgia]. The Georgia Road became the main route to the gold fields, many of them on Cherokee land. The miners demanded protection from Cherokee Indians. Soldiers were called in and by 1835 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears removed the Indians] and their land was given away to whites in [[Georgia Land and Property#Land_Lottery_Records|land lotteries]].<ref name="OFRANG" /><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Georgia Gold Rush" in ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush (accessed 5 August 2010).</ref> | ||
The development of steamboats and railroads in the 1830s resulted in declining use of the Georgia Road. By 1845 many parts of the road had been abandoned.<ref name="OFRANG" /> | The development of steamboats and railroads in the 1830s resulted in declining use of the Georgia Road. By 1845 many parts of the road had been abandoned.<ref name="OFRANG" /> | ||
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For early '''''Tennessee''''' settlers see: | For early '''''Tennessee''''' settlers see: | ||
*East Tennessee Historical Society, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44435788 First families of Tennessee: a register of early settlers and their present-day descendants]'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, c2000) [{{ | *East Tennessee Historical Society, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44435788 First families of Tennessee: a register of early settlers and their present-day descendants]'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, c2000) [{{FSC|976.8 H2ff}}]. | ||
For early '''''Alabama''''' settlers see: | For early '''''Alabama''''' settlers see: | ||
*''Census, 1809, Madison County and Huntsville prior to 1819'' (Microfilm made in 1978 of a photocopy in the Madison County Public Library, Huntsville, Alabama) [{{ | *''Census, 1809, Madison County and Huntsville prior to 1819'' (Microfilm made in 1978 of a photocopy in the Madison County Public Library, Huntsville, Alabama) [{{FSC|1034495|item 2}}]. | ||
*MariLee Beatty Hageness, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46982459 Residents, 1808-1812, Madison county, Alabama, Mississippi Territory]'' (Anniston, AL | *MariLee Beatty Hageness, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46982459 Residents, 1808-1812, Madison county, Alabama, Mississippi Territory]'' (Anniston, AL : MLH Research, ©1998). | ||
*Edward Chambers Betts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1298992 Early history of Huntsville, Alabama: 1804 to 1870]'' (Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Print., c1916). | *Edward Chambers Betts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1298992 Early history of Huntsville, Alabama: 1804 to 1870]'' (Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Print., c1916). [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/550977-early-history-of-huntsville-alabama-1804-to-1870?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]. | ||
{{Wikipedia|Federal Road (Cherokee lands)}} | {{Wikipedia|Federal Road (Cherokee lands)}} | ||
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*[http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-801 Federal Road] in ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' describes both the Georgia Road and Federal Horse Path. | *[http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-801 Federal Road] in ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' describes both the Georgia Road and Federal Horse Path. | ||
*[http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Old_Federal_Road Old Federal Road] in ''About North Georgia'' details about the time before the road, its origins, details about the route, | *[http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Old_Federal_Road Old Federal Road] in ''About North Georgia'' details about the time before the road, its origins, details about the route, and history, the Georgia gold rush, Trail of Tears, and the road's declining use. | ||
*Allen Parke Swayne, and James Parke Swayne, [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tnmcmin2/OldFederalRoad.htm Old Federal Road] in ''Rootsweb'' details about road locations in Georgia. | *Allen Parke Swayne, and James Parke Swayne, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160430081511/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tnmcmin2/OldFederalRoad.htm Old Federal Road] in ''Rootsweb'' details about road locations in Georgia. | ||
=== Sources === | === Sources === | ||
{{reflist | {{reflist}} {{Georgia|Georgia}} {{Tennessee|Tennessee}} | ||
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:Tennessee]] [[Category:Georgia]] [[Category:Alabama]] | [[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:Tennessee Migration Routes]] [[Category:Georgia (state) Migration Routes]] [[Category:Alabama Migration Routes]] | ||
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