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This list contains Finnish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Finnish-English dictionary (see the "Additional Resources" section below).  
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Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the [[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]. Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]].  


Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the Swedish Genealogical Word List(31028). Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).  
This list contains Finnish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Finnish-English dictionary (see the "Additional Resources" section at the bottom of this page).  


=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS  ===
If you would like to learn more about the language characteristics see the article [[Finnish Language Characteristics|Finnish Language Characteristics]].


<br>Variant Forms of Words
== Alphabetical Order ==


In Finnish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms.  
Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog. Look this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:


As you read Finnish records, be aware that the endings of most words vary with usage. One word in Finnish often translates into English as two or more words. For example, talo (house) changes to talossa (in the house).
a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  å  ä  ö


Plurals. Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways:
The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.
 
*The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses).
 
*The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses).
 
Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house):
 
*his house hänen talonsa
 
*in his house hänen talossansa
 
See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives.
 
Prepositions and postpositions. In English, words like in, on, with, before, and after are prepositions. They come before a noun. For example, in the house.
 
Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways:
 
*They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war).
 
*They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war).
 
*They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples.
 
Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples.
 
Table 1. Possessive Endings
 
Possessive and Ending Meaning Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house) Translation minun, -ni my talo&nbsp;» minun talonitalo&nbsp;» minun talossani house&nbsp;» my househouse&nbsp;» in my house sinun-, si your (singular) talo&nbsp;» sinun talositalo&nbsp;» sinun talossasi house&nbsp;» your househouse&nbsp;» in your house hänen, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n his, her talo&nbsp;» hänen talonsatalo&nbsp;» hänen talossansatalo&nbsp;» hänen talossaan house&nbsp;» his (her) househouse&nbsp;» in his (her) househouse&nbsp;» in his (her) house meidän -mme our talo&nbsp;» meidän talommetalo&nbsp;» meidän talossamme house&nbsp;» our househouse&nbsp;» in our house teidän, -nne your (plural) talo&nbsp;» teidän talonnetalo&nbsp;» teidän talossanne house&nbsp;» your househouse&nbsp;» in your house heidän, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n their talo&nbsp;» heidän talonsa talo&nbsp;» heidän talossansatalo&nbsp;» heidän talossaan house&nbsp;» their househouse&nbsp;» in their househouse&nbsp;» in their house
 
Table 2. Prepositional Endings on Nouns
 
Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -a, -ä, -ta, -t of, some suku&nbsp;» sukua family&nbsp;» of a family -in by means of, with oma käsi&nbsp;» omin ksin one’s own hands&nbsp;» with one’s own hands -ine + a possessive ending (see Table 1) together with lapsi&nbsp;» lapsinensa or lapsineen child&nbsp;» together with his (her or their) children -ksi changed into, become vaimo&nbsp;» otti vaimoksi wife&nbsp;» took for a wife or became a wife -lla, -llä at, by, in Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereella Tampere&nbsp;» in (at) Tampere -lle to Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereelle Tampere&nbsp;» to Tampere -lta, -ltä from Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereelta Tampere&nbsp;» from Tampere -n of talo&nbsp;» talon väki house&nbsp;» people of the house -na, -nä as lapsi&nbsp;» lapsena child&nbsp;» as a child -ssa, -ssä in Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsingissä Helsinki&nbsp;» in Helsinki double vowel + n into Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsinkiin Helsinki&nbsp;» into Helsinki -sta, -stä from Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsingistä Helsinki&nbsp;» from Helsinki
 
Table 3. Other Word Endings
 
Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -t forms a plural talo&nbsp;» talot house&nbsp;» houses -ko, -k indicates a question Helsingissä&nbsp;» Helsingissäkö in Helsinki&nbsp;» in Helsinki? -ton without, -less, un- lapsi&nbsp;» lapseton child&nbsp;» childless -tta, -ttä (on verbs) without nähdä&nbsp;» näkemätt to see&nbsp;» without seeing -n, -t shows a direct object talo&nbsp;» näen talon talo&nbsp;» näen talot house&nbsp;» I see the house house&nbsp;» I see the houses
 
Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have)
 
<br>
 
Example Translation
 
Anna&nbsp;» Annalla on Anna&nbsp;» Anna has Anna Toivonen&nbsp;» Anna Toivosella oli Anna Toivonen&nbsp;» Anna Toivonen had minä&nbsp;» minulla on ollut I&nbsp;» I have had sinä&nbsp;» sinulla oli you (singular)&nbsp;» you had hän&nbsp;» hänellä oli he/she&nbsp;» he/she had me&nbsp;» meillä ei ole ollut we&nbsp;» we have not had te&nbsp;» teillä on you (plural)&nbsp;» you have he&nbsp;» heillä ei ole they&nbsp;» they do not have
 
<br>Spelling Changes
 
When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples:
 
Letters that Change Examples
ht to hd lahti to lahden
k to (nothing) Ilmajoki to Ilmajoen
kk to k kirkko to kirkon
lt to ll ilta to illan
mp to mm lampi to lammen
n to s Heinonen to Heinosen
nk to ng Helsinki to Helsingin
nt to nn isäntä to isännn
p to v orpo to orvon
pp to p pappi to papin
rk to r Turku to Turun
rt to rr virta to virran
s to d or t uusi to uuden, uuteen
tt to t tyttö to tytön
uku to uvu suku to suvun
vowel+t to vowel+d iti to idin
 
<br>Alphabetical Order
 
Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the Family History Library CatalogLook this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:
 
    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ä ö
 
The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.  
 
Finnish Genealogical Word List
 
<br>Table of Contents Language Characteristics Additional Resources Key Words General Word List
 
Ä Numbers Dates
 
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
 
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the Family History LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary.:
 
Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja [Great Finnish-English Dictionary]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film 1224706 item 3.)
 
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.<br>
 
<br>KEY WORDS


== Key Words ==
To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  


For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriages. In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word "marriages". In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  
 
    English Finnish
banns kuulutetut
baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä-
births syntyneet, synty-
burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda-
child lapsi
christenings (See baptism.)
confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet
deaths kuolleet, kuoli-
father isä
husband mies, aviomies
marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio-
month kuukausi, kuu
mother äiti
name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi
name (surname) (suku)nimi
parents vanhemmat
parishs seurakunta, kunta
wife vaimo, aviovaimo
year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna
 
<br>Finnish Genealogical Word List
 
<br>Table of Contents Language Characteristics Additional Resources Key Words General Word List
 
Ä Numbers Dates
 
GENERAL WORD LIST
 
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list.
 
In this list, optional versions of Finnish words or variable endings are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the meaning.<br>


{|
{|
|-
|-
| '''A'''  
| '''English'''  
|  
| '''Finnish'''
|-
|-
| aamu
| Banns
| morning
| kuulutetut
|-
|-
| aamulla
| baptism
| in the morning
| kastetut, kaste-, ristimä-
|-
|-
| aamupäivä
| births
| forenoon
| syntyneet, synty-
|-
|-
| aateli(nen)
| burials
| noble
| haudatut, hauta-, hauda-
|-
|-
| aatelisto
| child
| nobility
| lapsi
|-
|-
| aatto
| christenings
| eve
| see baptism
|-
|-
| aika
| confirmations
| time, date
| rippilapset, ripille päässeet
|-
|-
| aikainen
| deaths
| early, (a.m.)
| kuolleet, kuoli-
|-
|-
| aikaisempi
| father
| earlier
| isä
|-
|-
| aikakauskirja
| husband
| periodical
| mies, aviomies
|-
|-
| aikanaan
| marriages
| in due time
| vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio-
|-
|-
| aina
| month
| always
| kuukausi, kuu
|-
|-
| ainoa
| mother
| only
| äiti
|-
|-
| aivokuume
| name (given name)
| encephalitis, inflammation of the brain
| nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi
|-
|-
| aivotärähdys
| name (surname)
| concussion
| (suku)nimi
|-
|-
| ajaja
| parents
| coachman
| vanhemmat
|-
|-
| ajomies
|parish
| coachman
|seurakunta, kunta
|-
|-
| ala, ali
| wife
| low(er), under
| vaimo, aviovaimo, vo
|-
|-
| alaikäinen
|year
| minor, underaged
|vuosi, vuoden, vuonna
|-
|-
| alla
|  
| under
|}
 
== General Word List  ==
 
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list.
 
In this list, optional versions of Finnish words or variable endings are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the meaning.<br>
 
===A===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| allekirjoittanut
| aamu || morning
| undersigned
|-
|-
| alue
| aamulla || in the morning
| region, district
|-
|-
| alus
| aamupäivä || forenoon
| ship
|-
|-
| ammatti
| aateli(nen) || noble
| profession, occupation
|-
|-
| annettu
| aatelisto || nobility
| given
|-
|-
| anoppi
| aatto || eve
| mother-in-law
|-
|-
| appi
| aika || time, date
| father-in-law
|-
|-
| appivanhemmat
| aikainen || early, (a.m.)
| parents-in-law
|-
|-
| apteekkari
| aikaisempi || earlier
| pharmacist, druggist
|-
|-
| arkisto
| aikakauskirja || periodical
| archive
|-
|-
| arkistoluettelo
| aikanaan || in due time
| archive list
|-
|-
| arvo
| aina || always
| title, rank, status
|-
|-
| asema
| ainoa || only
| station, class, standing
|-
|-
| asevelvollinen
| aivokuume || encephalitis, inflammation of the brain
| conscript soldier
|-
|-
| asiakirja
| aivotärähdys || concussion
| document, record
|-
|-
| asua
| ajaja || coachman
| live, reside
|-
|-
| asuinpaikka
| ajomies || coachman
| place of residence
|-
|-
| asukas
| ala, ali || low(er), under
| inhabitant, resident, lodger
|-
|-
| asunto
| alaikäinen || minor, underaged
| residence
|-
|-
| asutuksen yleisluettelo
| alla || under
| general register of inhabitants
|-
|-
| a.u.
| allekirjoittanut || undersigned
| illegitimate
|-
|-
| aukko
| alue || region, district
| gap (missing records)
|-
|-
| autio
| alus || ship
| uninhabited
|-
|-
| avioero
| ammatti || profession, occupation
| divorce
|-
|-
| avioliiton ulkopuolella
| annettu || given
| illegitimate, out of wedlock
|-
|-
| avioliitto
| anoppi || mother-in-law
| marriage
|-
|-
| avioliittoasiakirjat
| appi || father-in-law
| marriage documents
|-
|-
| aviomies
| appivanhemmat || parents-in-law
| husband
|-
|-
| avionrikkoja
| apteekkari || pharmacist, druggist
| adulterer
|-
|-
| aviopari
| arkisto || archive
| married couple
|-
|-
| aviopuoliso
| arkistoluettelo || archive list
| spouse
|-
|-
| avioton
| arvo || title, rank, status
| unmarried, illegitimate
|-
|-
| aviovaimo
| asema || station, class, standing
| wife
|-
|-
| <br>
| asevelvollinen || conscript soldier
|  
|-
|-
| '''D'''
| asiakirja || document, record
|  
|-
|-
| deltiseppä
| asua || live, reside
| tinner, tinsmith
|-
|-
| <br>
| asuinpaikka || place of residence
|  
|-
|-
| '''E'''
| asukas || inhabitant, resident, lodger
|  
|-
|-
| edellinen
| asunto || residence
| former, preceding, previous
|-
|-
| edellämainittu
| asutuksen yleisluettelo || general register of inhabitants
| above mentioned
|-
|-
| edesmennyt
| a.u. || illegitimate
| deceased (adjective)
|-
|-
| edessä
| aukko || gap (missing records)
| in front of
|-
|-
| Eesti
| autio || uninhabited
| Estonia
|-
|-
| eestilänen
| avioero || divorce
| Estonian
|-
|-
| ehkä
| avioliiton ulkopuolella || illegitimate, out of wedlock
| perhaps
|-
|-
| ehtoo
| avioliitto || marriage
| evening, eve
|-
|-
| ei
| avioliittoasiakirjat || marriage documents
| no, not
|-
|-
| ei koskaan
| aviomies || husband
| never
|-
|-
| eilen
| avionrikkoja || adulterer
| yesterday
|-
|-
| eimitään
| aviopari || married couple
| nothing
|-
|-
| ei vielä
| aviopuoliso || spouse
| not yet
|-
|-
| ekäkkeellä oleva
| avioton || unmarried, illegitimate
| pensioned, retired
|-
|-
| eli
| aviovaimo || wife
| lived, or
|}
 
===D===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| elokuu
| peltiseppä || tinner, tinsmith
| August
|}
 
===E===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| eloonjäänyt
| edellinen || former, preceding, previous
| surviving, survivor
|-
|-
| elossa
| edellä mainittu || above mentioned
| alive
|-
|-
| eläke
| edesmennyt || deceased (adjective)
| pension
|-
|-
| eläkeläinen
| edessä || in front of
| pensioned person
|-
|-
| elämäkerta
| Eesti, Viro || Estonia
| biography
|-
|-
| elää
| eestilänen || Estonian
| to live, living, alive
|-
|-
| ennen
| ehkä || perhaps
| before
|-
|-
| eno
| ehtoo || evening, eve
| uncle (maternal)
|-
|-
| ensimmäinen
| ei || no, not
| first
|-
|-
| ent. (entinen)
| ei koskaan || never
| former, previous
|-
|-
| erikoistuomioistuimia
| eilen || yesterday
| special court records
|-
|-
| erilainen
| ei mitään || nothing
| various
|-
|-
| ero(nnut)
| ei vielä || not yet
| divorce(d)
|-
|-
| erotettu (kirkosta)
| eläkkeellä oleva || pensioned, retired
| excommunicated (from the church)
|-
|-
| esi-isä
| eli || lived, or
| ancestor
|-
|-
| esikoinen
| elokuu || August
| firstborn
|-
|-
| esivanhemmat
| eloonjäänyt || surviving, survivor
| ancestors
|-
|-
| esteettömyystodistukset
| elossa || alive
| certificates attesting freedom from liability
|-
|-
| esteetön
| eläke || pension
| free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.)
|-
|-
| etelä
| eläkeläinen || pensioned person
| south
|-
|-
| että
| elämäkerta || biography
| that
|-
|-
| etunimi
| elää || to live, living, alive
| given name
|-
|-
| <br>
| ennen || before
|  
|-
|-
| '''F'''
| eno || uncle (maternal)
|  
|-
|-
| folio
| ensimmäinen || first
| page
|-
|-
| <br>
| ent. (entinen) || former, previous
|  
|-
|-
| '''H'''
| erikoistuomioistuimia || special courts
|  
|-
|-
| hakemisto
| erilainen || various
| register, index
|-
|-
| hallitus
| ero(nnut) || divorce(d)
| government, administration
|-
|-
| halvaus
| erotettu (kirkosta) || excommunicated (from the church)
| stroke, paralysis
|-
|-
| hampaiden puhkeaminen
| esi-isä || ancestor
| teething
|-
|-
| harjoittelija
| esikoinen || firstborn
| apprentice
|-
|-
| hattumaakari
| esivanhemmat || ancestors
| hatmaker
|-
|-
| hatuntekijä
| esteettömyystodistukset || certificates attesting freedom from liability
| hatmaker
|-
|-
| hauda(ta) (-ttu)
| esteetön || free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.)
| bury, buried
|-
|-
| hauraus
| etelä || south
| weakness of old age
|-
|-
| hauta
| että || that
| grave
|-
|-
| hautajaiset
| etunimi || given name
| funeral
|}
 
===F===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| hautaus(toimitus)
| folio || page
| funeral
|}
 
===H===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| hautausmaa
| hakemisto || register, index
| cemetery
|-
|-
| he
| hallitus || government, administration
| they
|-
|-
| heidän
| halvaus || stroke, paralysis
| their, theirs
|-
|-
| heikkous
| hampaiden puhkeaminen || teething
| weakness (of old age)
|-
|-
| heimo
| harjoittelija || apprentice
| tribe, clan, family
|-
|-
| heinäkuu
| hattumaakari || hatmaker
| July
|-
|-
| helmikuu
| hatuntekijä || hatmaker
| February
|-
|-
| hengenahdistus
| hauda(ta) (-ttu) || bury, buried
| shortness of breath
|-
|-
| henkikirja
| hauraus || weakness of old age
| tax list, census
|-
|-
| henkikirjoitus
| hauta || grave
| census
|-
|-
| henkilö
| hautajaiset || funeral
| person
|-
|-
| henkilöhakemisto
| hautaus(toimitus) || funeral
| name index
|-
|-
| henkilötiedot
| hautausmaa || cemetery
| personal data
|-
|-
| herra
| he || they
| Mr., sir
|-
|-
| Herran ehtoollinen
| heidän || their, theirs
| communion
|-
|-
| herrasväki
| heikkous || weakness (of old age)
| gentry, Mr. and Mrs.
|-
|-
| herttua
| heimo || tribe, clan, family
| duke
|-
|-
| herttuakunta
| heinäkuu || July
| duchy
|-
|-
| herttuatar
| helmikuu || February
| duchess
|-
|-
| heti
| hengenahdistus || shortness of breath
| right away, immediately
|-
|-
| hiippakunta
| henkikirja || tax list, census
| diocese
|-
|-
| hinkuyskä
| henkikirjoitus || census
| whooping cough
|-
|-
| historia
| henkilö || person
| history
|-
|-
| historiakirjat
| henkilöhakemisto || name index
| births, marriages, and deaths
|-
|-
| holhokki
| henkilötiedot || personal data
| minor person under legal guardianship
|-
|-
| holhooja
| herra || Mr., sir
| guardian
|-
|-
| holhous
| Herran ehtoollinen || communion
| guardianship
|-
|-
| hopeaseppä
| herrasväki || gentry, Mr. and Mrs.
| silversmith
|-
|-
| hovioikeus
| herttua || duke
| court of appeals
|-
|-
| huatajaiset
| herttuakunta || duchy
| burial
|-
|-
| huhtikuu
| herttuatar || duchess
| April
|-
|-
| hukkunut
| heti || right away, immediately
| drowned, lost
|-
|-
| huomautuksia
| hiippakunta || diocese
| remarks
|-
|-
| huomautus
| hinkuyskä || whooping cough
| remark
|-
|-
| huomenna
| historia || history
| tomorrow
|-
|-
| huonekalupuuseppä
| historiakirjat || births, marriages, deaths and moving in /out
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
| huora
| holhokki || minor person under legal guardianship
| whore
|-
|-
| husaari
| holhooja || guardian
| light cavalryman
|-
|-
| huutolainen
| holhous || guardianship
| pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
|-
| huutolaislapsi
| hopeaseppä || silversmith
| pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
|-
| hyvä
| hovioikeus || court of appeals
| good
|-
|-
| hän
| hautajaiset || burial
| he, she
|-
|-
| hänen
| huhtikuu || April
| his, her, hers
|-
|-
| hätäkaste
| hukkunut || drowned, lost
| emergency baptism
|-
|-
| hääpäivä
| huomautuksia || remarks
| wedding day, date
|-
|-
| häät
| huomautus || remark
|  
|-
|-
| <br>
| huomenna || tomorrow
|  
|-
|-
| '''I'''
| huonekalupuuseppä || cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|  
|-
|-
| ikä
| huora || whore
| age
|-
|-
| ikäkirjat
| husaari || light cavalryman
| church census
|-
|-
| illalla
| huutolainen || pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish
| in the evening
|-
|-
| ilman
| huutolaislapsi || pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish
| without
|-
|-
| ilmoittaa
| hyvä || good
| to declare
|-
|-
| ilta
| hän || he, she
| evening
|-
|-
| iltapäivä
| hänen || his, her, hers
| afternoon
|-
|-
| iltapäivällä
| hätäkaste || emergency baptism
| in the afternoon
|-
|-
| inventaario
| hääpäivä || wedding day, date
| inventory
|-
|-
| irtolainen
| häät || wedding
| vagabond
|}
 
===I===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| iso
| ikä || age
| large, big, great
|-
|-
| iso-iso-isä
| ikäkirjat || church census
| great-grandfather
|-
|-
| iso-iso-äiti
| illalla || in the evening
| great-grandmother
|-
|-
| isoisä
| ilman || without
| grandfather
|-
|-
| isorokko
| ilmoittaa || to declare
| smallpox
|-
|-
| isovanhemmat
| ilta || evening
| grandparents
|-
|-
| isoäiti
| iltapäivä || afternoon
| grandmother
|-
|-
| isä
| iltapäivällä || in the afternoon
| father
|-
|-
| isänisä
| inventaario || inventory
| grandfather (paternal)
|-
|-
| isäntä
| irtolainen || vagabond
| proprietor, host, landlord, farmer
|-
|-
| isänäiti
| iso || large, big, great
| grandmother (paternal)
|-
|-
| isäpuoli
| iso-iso-isä || great-grandfather
| stepfather
|-
|-
| isätön
| iso-iso-äiti || great-grandmother
| fatherless
|-
|-
| itse
| isoisä || grandfather
| self
|-
|-
| itsellinen
| isorokko || smallpox
| tenant farmer
|-
|-
| itä
| isovanhemmat || grandparents
| east
|-
|-
| iäkäs
| isoäiti || grandmother
| aged
|-
|-
| <br>
| isä || father
|  
|-
|-
| '''J'''
| isänisä || grandfather (paternal)
|  
|-
|-
| ja
| isäntä || proprietor, host, landlord, farmer
| and
|-
|-
| jalkavaimo
| isänäiti || grandmother (paternal)
| concubine
|-
|-
| jalkaväki
| isäpuoli || stepfather
| infantry
|-
|-
| johto
| isätön || fatherless
| administration, leadership
|-
|-
| joka
| itse || self
| which, who, every
|-
|-
| jokainen
| itsellinen || tenant farmer
| each, every
|-
|-
| jokavuotuinen
| itä || east
| annual
|-
|-
| joki
| iäkäs || aged
| river
|}
 
===J===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| joskus [1890] luvulla
| ja || and
| sometime in the [1890s]
|-
|-
| josta
| jalkavaimo || concubine
| from which
|-
|-
| joten
| jalkaväki || infantry
| thus
|-
|-
| joulu
| johto || administration, leadership
| Christmas
|-
|-
| joulukuu
| joka || which, who, every
| December
|-
|-
| julistettu (kuolleeksi)
| jokainen || each, every
| declared (dead)
|-
|-
| juomanpanija
| jokavuotuinen || annual
| brewer
|-
|-
| juoppous
| joki || river
| intoxication
|-
|-
| jälkeen
| joskus [1890] luvulla || sometime in the [1890s]
| after
|-
|-
| jälkeenjäänyt
| josta || from which
| surviving, survivor, retarded
|-
|-
| jälkeläinen
| joten || thus
| descendant
|-
|-
| jälkimmäinen
| joulu || Christmas
| latter, last
|-
|-
| jalkinekorjaaja
| joulukuu || December
| shoemaker
|-
|-
| järvi
| julistettu (kuolleeksi) || declared (dead)
| lake
|-
|-
| jäsen(enä)
| juomanpanija || brewer
| (as a) member
|-
|-
| jäänyt
| juoppous || intoxication
| left, remaining
|-
|-
| <br>
| jälkeen || after
|  
|-
|-
| '''K'''
| jälkeenjäänyt || surviving, survivor, retarded
|  
|-
|-
| k. (kuollut)
| jälkeläinen || descendant
| dead
|-
|-
| kaatumatauti
| jälkimmäinen || latter, last
| epilepsy
|-
|-
| kado(ta) (-nnut)
| jalkinekorjaaja || shoemaker
| lose, lost
|-
|-
| kahdeksan
| järvi || lake
| eight
|-
|-
| kahdeksantoista
| jäsen(enä) || (as a) member
| eighteen
|-
|-
| kahdeksas
| jäänyt || left, remaining
| eighth
|}
 
===K===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| kahdeksastoista
| k. (kuollut) || dead
| eighteenth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes
| kaatumatauti || epilepsy
| twentieth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-ensimmäinen
| kado(ta) (-nnut) || lose, lost
| twenty-first
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kahdeksas
| kahdeksan || eight
| twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kolmas
| kahdeksantoista || eighteen
| twenty-third
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kuudes
| kahdeksas || eighth
| twenty-sixth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-neljäs
| kahdeksastoista || eighteenth
| twenty-fourth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-seitemäs
| kahdeskymmenes || twentieth
| twenty-seventh
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-toinen
| kahdeskymmenesensimmäinen || twenty-first
| twenty-second
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-viides
| kahdeskymmeneskahdeksas || twenty-eighth
| twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-yhdeksäs
| kahdeskymmeneskolmas || twenty-third
| twenty-ninth
|-
|-
| kahdestoista
| kahdeskymmeneskuudes || twenty-sixth
| twelfth
|-
|-
| kaikki
| kahdeskymmenesneljäs || twenty-fourth
| all
|-
|-
| kaima
| kahdeskymmenesseitemäs || twenty-seventh
| namesake
|-
|-
| kaivos
| kahdeskymmenestoinen || twenty-second
| mine
|-
|-
| kaivostyöläinen
| kahdeskymmenesviides || twenty-fifth
| miner
|-
|-
| kaksi
| kahdeskymmenesyhdeksäs || twenty-ninth
| two
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä
| kahdestoista || twelfth
| twenty
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kahdeksan
| kaikki || all
| twenty-eight
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kaksi
| kaima || namesake
| twenty-two
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kolme
| kaivos || mine
| twenty-three
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kuusi
| kaivostyöläinen || miner
| twenty-six
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-neljä
| kaksi || two
| twenty-four
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-seitsemän
| kaksikymmentä || twenty
| twenty-seven
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-viisi
| kaksikymmentäkahdeksan || twenty-eight
| twenty-five
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yhdeksän
| kaksikymmentäkaksi || twenty-two
| twenty-nine
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yksi
| kaksikymmentäkolme || twenty-three
| twenty-one
|-
|-
| kaksitoista
| kaksikymmentäkuusi || twenty-six
| twelve
|-
|-
| kakso(nen) (-set)
| kaksikymmentäneljä || twenty-four
| twin(s)
|-
|-
| kaksoiskappale
| kaksikymmentäseitsemän || twenty-seven
| duplicate record
|-
|-
| kalastaja
| kaksikymmentäviisi || twenty-five
| fisherman
|-
|-
| kallio
| kaksikymmentäyhdeksän || twenty-nine
| hill
|-
|-
| kalustoluettelo
| kaksikymmentäyksi || twenty-one
| inventory
|-
|-
| kankuri
| kaksitoista || twelve
| weaver
|-
|-
| kansa
| kakso(nen) (-set) || twin(s)
| people
|-
|-
| kansalainen
| kaksoiskappale || duplicate record
| citizen
|-
|-
| Kansallisarkisto
| kalastaja || fisherman
| state archives
|-
|-
| kansallisuus
| kallio || hill
| nationality
|-
|-
| kanssa
| kalustoluettelo || inventory
| with
|-
|-
| kantaisä
| kankuri || weaver
| male progenitor
|-
|-
| kantaäiti
| kansa || people
| female progenitor
|-
|-
| kantoluettelot
| kansalainen || citizen
| tax assessment rolls
|-
|-
| kappalainen
| Kansallisarkisto || state archives
| assistant minister
|-
|-
| kappeli
| kansallisuus || nationality
| chapel
|-
|-
| kara(ta) (-nnut)
| kanssa || with
| to run away
|-
|-
| karjakko
| kantaisä || male progenitor
| milkmaid
|-
|-
| karjapaimen
| kantaäiti || female progenitor
| herdsman
|-
|-
| karkuri
| kantoluettelot || tax assessment rolls
| runaway, fugitive, deserter
|-
|-
| kartano
| kappalainen || assistant minister
| manorial estate
|-
|-
| kartta
| kappeli || chapel
| map
|-
|-
| kastamaton
| kara(ta) (-nnut) || to run away
| unbaptized
|-
|-
| kaste
| karjakko || milkmaid
| christening, baptism
|-
|-
| kastekirja
| karjapaimen || herdsman
| record of baptisms
|-
|-
| kastenimi
| karkuri || runaway, fugitive, deserter
| given name
|-
|-
| kastettu(t)
| kartano || manorial estate
| baptized, (births)
|-
|-
| kasvain
| kartta || map
| tumor
|-
|-
| kasvatti(lapsi)
| kastamaton || unbaptized
| foster child
|-
|-
| kasvattivanhemmat
| kaste || christening, baptism
| foster parents
|-
|-
| katselmuspöytäkirjat
| kastekirja || record of baptisms
| visitations
|-
|-
| katu
| kastenimi || given name
| street
|-
|-
| kauppala
| kastettu(t) || baptized, (births)
| country town
|-
|-
| kauppias
| kasvain || tumor
| shopkeeper, merchant
|-
|-
| kaupunki
| kasvatti(lapsi) || foster child
| city, town
|-
|-
| kautta
| kasvattivanhemmat || foster parents
| via
|-
|-
| keisari
| katselmuspöytäkirjat || visitations
| emperor, czar
|-
|-
| keisarillinen
| katu || street
| imperial
|-
|-
| kelloseppä
| kauppala || country town
| watchmaker
|-
|-
| keltatauti
| kauppias || shopkeeper, merchant
| jaundice
|-
|-
| kerjäläinen
| kaupunki || city, town
| beggar
|-
|-
| kerta
| kautta || via
| times
|-
|-
| keskellä
| keisari || emperor, czar
| in the middle
|-
|-
| keskenmeno
| keisarillinen || imperial
| miscarriage
|-
|-
| keskipäivä
| kelloseppä || watchmaker
| noon, midday
|-
|-
| keskiviikko
| keltatauti || jaundice
| Wednesday
|-
|-
| keskiyö
| kerjäläinen || beggar
| midnight
|-
|-
| keskonen
| kerta || times
| prematurely born child
|-
|-
| kesä
| keskellä || in the middle
| summer
|-
|-
| kesäkuu
| keskenmeno || miscarriage
| June
|-
|-
| keuhkotauti
| keskipäivä || noon, midday
| consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
| kevät
| keskiviikko || Wednesday
| spring
|-
|-
| kieli
| keskiyö || midnight
| language, tongue
|-
|-
| kihlakunnanoikeus
| keskonen || prematurely born child
| rural district court
|-
|-
| kihlakunta
| kesä || summer
| rural civil district
|-
|-
| kihlattu
| kesäkuu || June
| engaged, betrothed
|-
|-
| kihlaus
| keuhkotauti || consumption, tuberculosis
| engagement
|-
|-
| kihlkeuhkotulehdus
| kevät || spring
| pneumonia
|-
|-
| kihti
| kieli || language, tongue
| gout
|-
|-
| kilometri
| kihlakunnanoikeus || rural district court
| kilometer
|-
|-
| kinkeriasiakirjat
| kihlakunta || rural civil district
| catechetical meeting records
|-
|-
| kinkerit
| kihlattu || engaged, betrothed
| catechetical meeting, household examination
|-
|-
| kirja
| kihlaus || engagement
| book, register
|-
|-
| kirjaaja
| keuhkotulehdus || pneumonia
| register
|-
|-
| kirjannitoja
| kihti || gout
| bookbinder
|-
|-
| kirjanpitäjä
| kilometri || kilometer
| bookkeeper
|-
|-
| kirjasto
| kinkeriasiakirjat || catechetical meeting records
| library
|-
|-
| kirje(et)
| kinkerit || catechetical meeting, household examination
| letter(s)
|-
|-
| kirjeenkantaja
| kirja || book, register
| mailman
|-
|-
| kirjekirjat
| kirjaaja || register
| correspondence, letters
|-
|-
| kirjuri
| kirjansitoja || bookbinder
| clerk, scribe
|-
|-
| kirkko
| kirjanpitäjä || bookkeeper
| church
|-
|-
| kirkkoherra
| kirjasto || library
| minister, priest
|-
|-
| kirkkoherranvirasto
| kirje(et) || letter(s)
| office of the parish minister
|-
|-
| kirkon asiakirjat
| postinkantaja || mailman
| records regarding the church building
|-
|-
| kirkonkirja
| kirjeenvaihto || correspondence, letters
| parish register
|-
|-
| kirvesmies
| kirjuri || clerk, scribe
| carpenter
|-
|-
| kisälli
| kirkko || church
| journeyman
|-
|-
| kohtaus
| kirkkoherra || minister, priest
| seizures, illness
|-
|-
| kolera
| kirkkoherranvirasto || office of the parish minister
| cholera
|-
|-
| kolmas
| kirkon asiakirjat || church records
| third
|-
|-
| kolmaskymmenes
| kirkonkirja || parish register
| thirtieth
|-
|-
| kolmaskymmenes-ensimmäinen
| kirvesmies || carpenter
| thirty-first
|-
|-
| kolmastoista
| kisälli || journeyman
| thirteenth
|-
|-
| kolme
| kohtaus || seizures, illness
| three
|-
|-
| kolmekymmentä
| kolera || cholera
| thirty
|-
|-
| kolmekymmentä-yksi
| kolmas || third
| thirty-one
|-
|-
| kolmetoista
| kolmaskymmenes || thirtieth
| thirteen
|-
|-
| kolmoset
| kolmaskymmenesensimmäinen || thirty-first
| triplets
|-
|-
| koneenkäyttäjä
| kolmastoista || thirteenth
| machinist
|-
|-
| korkea
| kolme || three
| high
|-
|-
| korkea ikä
| kolmekymmentä || thirty
| old (high) age
|-
|-
| korkein oikeus
| kolmekymmentäyksi || thirty-one
| supreme court
|-
|-
| kortisto
| kolmetoista || thirteen
| card index
|-
|-
| kortteli
| kolmoset || triplets
| block
|-
|-
| koska
| koneenkäyttäjä || machinist
| when, because of
|-
|-
| kot(i) (-ona)
| korkea || high
| (at) home
|-
|-
| kotimaa
| korkea ikä || old (high) age
| homeland, native land
|-
|-
| kotipaikka
| korkeinoikeus || supreme court
| residence
|-
|-
| kotirouva
| kortisto || card index
| housewife
|-
|-
| koulu
| kortteli || block
| school
|-
|-
| kouluasiakirjat
| koska || when, because of
| school documents
|-
|-
| kouristus
| kot(i) (-ona) || (at) home
| convulsions, cramps
|-
|-
| kramppi
| kotimaa || homeland, native land
| cramps, convulsions
|-
|-
| kreikkalaiskatolinen
| asuinpaikka || residence
| (Eastern) Orthodox
|-
|-
| kreivi
| kotirouva || housewife
| count (earl)
|-
|-
| krenatööri
| koulu || school
| infantryman, grenadier
|-
|-
| kristinoppi
| kouluasiakirjat || school documents
| (knowledge of) Christian doctrine
|-
|-
| kruunu
| kouristus || convulsions, cramps
| crown, state, government
|-
|-
| kuin
| kramppi || cramps, convulsions
| as
|-
|-
| kuinka
| kreikkalaiskatolinen, ortodoksi || (Eastern) Orthodox
| how
|-
|-
| kuka
| kreivi || count (earl)
| who
|-
|-
| kulkuri
| krenatööri, jalkaväkimies || infantryman, grenadier
| vagabond
|-
|-
| kulkutauti
| kristinoppi || (knowledge of) Christian doctrine
| epidemic
|-
|-
| kultaseppä
| kruunu || crown, state, government
| goldsmith
|-
|-
| kuluva
| kuin || as
| current
|-
|-
| kummi(t)
| kuinka || how
| sponsor(s), godmother, godfather
|-
|-
| kun(ta) (-nat)
| kuka || who
| parish(es), commune(s)
|-
|-
| kuningas
| kulkuri || vagabond
| king
|-
|-
| kuningaskunta
| kulkutauti || epidemic
| kingdom
|-
|-
| kuningatar
| kultaseppä || goldsmith
| queen
|-
|-
| kuninkaallinen
| kuluva || current
| royal
|-
|-
| kunniallinen
| kummi(t) || sponsor(s), godmother, godfather
| honest
|-
|-
| kunta
| kun(ta) (-nat) || parish(es), commune(s)
| municipality
|-
|-
| kuolema
| kuningas || king
| death
|-
|-
| kuoli
| kuningaskunta || kingdom
| died
|-
|-
| kuoli ilman perillisiä
| kuningatar || queen
| died without issue
|-
|-
| kuolinilmoitus
| kuninkaallinen || royal
| obituary
|-
|-
| kuolinpesä
| kunniallinen || honest
| death estate
|-
|-
| kuolinsyy
| kunta || municipality
| cause of death
|-
|-
| kuolintoclistus
| kuolema || death
| death certificate
|-
|-
| kuolleena syntynyt
| kuoli || died
| stillborn
|-
|-
| kuolleet
| kuoli ilman perillisiä || died without issue (any heir)
| deaths, death records
|-
|-
| kuollut
| kuolinilmoitus || obituary
| dead, died
|-
|-
| kuppa
| kuolinpesä || death estate
| syphilis
|-
|-
| kurkkumätä
| kuolinsyy || cause of death
| diphtheria
|-
|-
| kuski
| kuolintodistus || death certificate
| coachman
|-
|-
| kuten
| kuolleena syntynyt || stillborn
| as
|-
|-
| kutsu(a) (-ttu)
| kuolleet || deaths, death records
| call(ed)
|-
|-
| kuudes
| kuollut || dead, died
| sixth
|-
|-
| kuudestoista
| kuppa || syphilis
| sixteenth
|-
|-
| kuukausi
| kurkkumätä || diphtheria
| month
|-
|-
| kuulustelu
| kuski || coachman
| examination
|-
|-
| kuulutetut
| kuten || as
| banns, marriage intentions
|-
|-
| kuume
| kutsu(a) (-ttu) || call(ed)
| fever
|-
|-
| kuuro(mykkä)
| kuudes || sixth
| deaf (and dumb)
|-
|-
| kuusi
| kuudestoista || sixteenth
| six
|-
|-
| kuusitoista
| kuukausi || month
| sixteen
|-
|-
| kylä
| kuulustelu || examination
| village
|-
|-
| kymmenen
| kuulutetut || banns, marriage intentions
| ten
|-
|-
| kymmenes
| kuume || fever
| tenth
|-
|-
| käly
| kuuro(mykkä) || deaf (and dumb)
| sister-in-law
|-
|-
| käräjäkunta
| kuusi || six
| primary rural judicial district, assize division
|-
|-
| käräjät
| kuusitoista || sixteen
| local court, assizes
|-
|-
| käsikirja
| kylä || village
| manual
|-
|-
| käsityöläinen
| kymmenen || ten
| artisan
|-
|-
| kätilö
| kymmenes || tenth
| midwife
|-
|-
| käytös
| käly || sister-in-law
| conduct
|-
|-
| kääntymys
| käräjäkunta || primary rural judicial district, assize division
| conversion
|-
|-
| köyhä
| käräjät || local court, assizes
| poor
|-
|-
| köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat
| käsikirja || manual
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| köyhäintalo
| käsityöläinen || artisan
| poorhouse
|-
|-
| köyhien luettelot
| kätilö || midwife
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| <br>
| käytös || conduct
|  
|-
|-
| '''L'''
| kääntymys || conversion
|  
|-
|-
| laakso
| köyhä || poor
| valley
|-
|-
| laamanni(n)oikeus
| köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat || poor relief records
| lower court of appeal
|-
|-
| lahja
| köyhäintalo || poorhouse
| gift, donation
|-
|-
| lahjoitus
| köyhien luettelot || poor relief records
| donations
|}
 
===L===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| laillinen
| laakso || valley
| legal, legitimate
|-
|-
| laiskanlukijat
| laamanni(n)oikeus || lower court of appeal
| list of slow readers
|-
|-
| laiva
| lahja || gift, donation
| boat
|-
|-
| laki
| lahjoitus || donations
| law
|-
|-
| lamp. (lampuoti)
| laillinen || legal, legitimate
| tenant farmer
|-
|-
| lanko
| laiskanlukijat || lazy readers
| brother-in-law
|-
|-
| lap(si) (-set)
| laiva || boat
| child(ren)
|-
|-
| lapsenlapsi
| laki || law
| grandchild
|-
|-
| lapseton
| lamp. (lampuoti) || tenant farmer
| childless
|-
|-
| lapsihalvaus
| lanko || brother-in-law
| polio
|-
|-
| lasinleikkaaja
| lap(si) (-set) || child(ren)
| glass cutter, glazier
|-
|-
| lastenkirjat
| lapsenlapsi || grandchild
| preconfirmation roll
|-
|-
| lastenkoti
| lapseton || childless
| orphanage
|-
|-
| Latvia
| lapsihalvaus || polio
| Latvia
|-
|-
| Latvialainen
| lasinleikkaaja || glass cutter, glazier
| Latvian
|-
|-
| lauantai
| lastenkirjat || preconfirmation roll
| Saturday
|-
|-
| lautamies
| lastenkoti || orphanage
| juror
|-
|-
| lavantauti
| Latvia || Latvia
| typhoid fever
|-
|-
| leipuri
| Latvialainen || Latvian
| baker
|-
|-
| leski
| lauantai || Saturday
| widow, widower
|-
|-
| levyseppä
| lautamies || juror
| sheet metal worker
|-
|-
| Liettua
| lavantauti || typhoid fever
| Lithuania
|-
|-
| liettualainen
| leipuri || baker
| Lithuanian
|-
|-
| linna
| leski || widow, widower
| castle, jail
|-
|-
| lki. (leski)
| levyseppä || sheet metal worker
| widow, widower
|-
|-
| loinen
| Liettua || Lithuania
| dependent lodger
|-
|-
| lois.
| liettualainen || Lithuanian
| dependent lodger
|-
|-
| lokakuu
| linna || castle, jail
| October
|-
|-
| luettelo
| lki. (leski) || widow, widower
| list, index, directory
|-
|-
| lukkari
| loinen || dependent lodger
| cantor, parish clerk
|-
|-
| luku
| lois. || dependent lodger
| number
|-
|-
| lukutaito
| lokakuu || October
| ability to read, literacy
|-
|-
| lunastus
| luettelo || list, index, directory
| fee
|-
|-
| luona
| lukkari || cantor, parish clerk
| at
|-
|-
| luonnollinen kuolema
| luku || number
| natural death
|-
|-
| luostari
| lukutaito || ability to read, literacy
| monastery
|-
|-
| lupa
| lunastus || fee
| permission
|-
|-
| luterilainen
| luona || at
| Lutheran
|-
|-
| luumätä
| luonnollinen kuolema || natural death
| caries
|-
|-
| lähellä
| luostari || monastery
| near
|-
|-
| lähtenyt
| lupa || permission
| departed
|-
|-
| länsi
| luterilainen || Lutheran
| west
|-
|-
| läpi
| luumätä || caries, bone rot
| through
|-
|-
| läsnä
| lähellä || near
| present
|-
|-
| läsnäolo
| lähtenyt || departed
| presence
|-
|-
| lääkäri
| länsi || west
| physician
|-
|-
| lääni
| läpi || through
| county
|-
|-
| lääninhallitus
| läsnä || present
| county government
|-
|-
| löytölapsi
| läsnäolo || presence
| foundling
|-
|-
| <br>
| lääkäri || physician
|  
|-
|-
| '''M'''
| lääni || county
|  
|-
|-
| maa
| lääninhallitus || county government
| land, country, earth
|-
|-
| maakirja
| löytölapsi || foundling
| land record
|}
 
===M===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| maakunta
| maa || land, country, earth
| province
|-
|-
| maakunta-arkisto
| maakirja || land record
| provincial archives
|-
|-
| maalaiskunta
| maakunta || province
| rural parish near a city
|-
|-
| maalari
| maakunta-arkisto || provincial archives
| painter
|-
|-
| maaliskuu
| maalaiskunta (mlk.)|| rural municipality near a city (civil administration unit) [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalaiskunta]
| March
|-
|-
| maanantai
| maalari || painter
| Monday
|-
|-
| maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat
| maaliskuu || March
| documents of parcelling of land
|-
|-
| maanmittari
| maanantai || Monday
| surveyor
|-
|-
| maanviljelijä
| maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat || documents of parcelling of land
| farmer
|-
|-
| maasta muuttanut
| maanmittari || surveyor
| emigrated
|-
|-
| maattu nainen
| maanviljelijä || farmer
| woman who has had illicit relations
|-
|-
| maine(todistus)  
| maaseurakunta (msk., msrk.) || rural parish (church administration) equivalent to Swedish: ''landsförsamling'' [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaseurakunta]
| (certificate of) character
|-
|-
| mainittu
| maasta muuttanut || emigrated
| said, stated
|-
|-
| maistraatti
| maattu nainen || woman who has had illicit relations
| city administration, magistrate
|-
|-
| majatalo
| maine(todistus) || (certificate of) character
| inn
|-
|-
| makkarantekijä
| mainittu || said, stated
| sausage maker
|-
|-
| maksatauti
| maistraatti || city administration, magistrate
| liver disease
|-
|-
| manttaali
| majatalo || inn
| assessment unit of land
|-
|-
| manttaaliluettelo
| makkarantekijä || sausage maker
| tax list, census
|-
|-
| marraskuu
| maksatauti || liver disease
| November
|-
|-
| matruusi
| manttaali || assessment unit of land
| sailor
|-
|-
| me
| manttaaliluettelo || tax list, census
| we
|-
|-
| meidan
| marraskuu || November
| our, ours
|-
|-
| mekaanikko
| matruusi || sailor
| machinist
|-
|-
| mennyt(aika)
| me || we
| the past
|-
|-
| meri
| meidän || our, ours
| sea
|-
|-
| merimies
| mekaanikko || machinist
| sailor
|-
|-
| merkintä
| mennyt(aika) || the past
| entry, remark
|-
|-
| merkitty
| meri || sea
| entered, noted
|-
|-
| mestari
| merimies || sailor
| master, expert
|-
|-
| metsä
| merkintä || entry, remark
| forest
|-
|-
| metsänhoitaja
| merkitty || entered, noted
| forester
|-
|-
| metsästäjä
| mestari || master, expert
| hunter
|-
|-
| miehistö
| metsä || forest
| crew
|-
|-
| mies
| metsänhoitaja || forester
| man, husband
|-
|-
| miespuolinen
| metsästäjä || hunter
| male
|-
|-
| miilunpolttaja
| miehistö || crew
| charcoal burner
|-
|-
| miksi
| mies || man, husband
| why
|-
|-
| mikä
| miespuolinen || male
| what, which
|-
|-
| miniä
| miilunpolttaja || charcoal burner
| daughter-in-law
|-
|-
| minun
| miksi || why
| my, mine
|-
|-
| minuutti
| mikä || what, which
| minute
|-
|-
| minä
| miniä || daughter-in-law
| I
|-
|-
| missä
| minun || my, mine
| where
|-
|-
| mitätön
| minuutti || minute
| minor, insignificant
|-
|-
| m.n. (maattu nainen)
| minä || I
| woman who has had illicit relations
|-
|-
| molemmat
| missä || where
| both
|-
|-
| molempien
| mitätön || minor, insignificant
| belonging to both
|-
|-
| monenlainen
| m.n. (maattu nainen) || woman who has had illicit relations
| various
|-
|-
| morsiain
| molemmat || both
| bride, fiancée
|-
|-
| morsiuspari
| molempien || belonging to both
| bridal couple
|-
|-
| muistiinpano
| monenlainen || various
| record, note, entry
|-
|-
| mummo
| morsian || bride, fiancée
| grandmother
|-
|-
| muonamies
| morsiuspari || bridal couple
| farmworker receiving wages in commodities
|-
|-
| murha(ttu)
| muistiinpano || record, note, entry
| murder(ed)
|-
|-
| mutta
| mummo || grandmother
| but
|-
|-
| muurari
| muonamies || farmworker receiving wages in commodities
| mason, bricklayer
|-
|-
| muut asiakirjat
| murha(ttu) || murder(ed)
| miscellaneous documents
|-
|-
| muutt(i) (-anut)
| mutta || but
| moved
|-
|-
| muuttaneet
| muurari || mason, bricklayer
| moving record
|-
|-
| muuttokirja
| muut asiakirjat || miscellaneous documents
| certificate of moving
|-
|-
| mylly
| muutt(i) (-anut) || moved
| mill
|-
|-
| mylläri
| muuttaneet || moving record
| miller
|-
|-
| myrkytys
| muuttokirja || certificate of moving
| poisoning
|-
|-
| myöhäinen
| mylly || mill
| late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| myös(kin)
| mylläri || miller
| also
|-
|-
| mäkitupalainen
| myrkytys || poisoning
| cottager
|-
|-
| mökki
| myöhäinen || late (p.m.)
| cottage
|-
|-
| <br>
| myös(kin) || also
|  
|-
|-
| '''N'''
| mäkitupalainen || cottager
|  
|-
|-
| naapuri
| mökki || cottage
| neighbor
|}
 
===N===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| nahkuri
| naapuri || neighbor
| tanner
|-
|-
| naida
| nahkuri || tanner
| to marry
|-
|-
| naimaton
| naida || to marry
| single, unmarried
|-
|-
| naimattomana
| naimaton || single, unmarried
| unmarried (at the given time)
|-
|-
| naimisissa
| naimattomana || unmarried (at the given time)
| married
|-
|-
| nainen
| naimisissa || married
| woman
|-
|-
| naispuolinen
| nainen || woman
| female
|-
|-
| neiti
| naispuolinen || female
| Miss
|-
|-
| neitsyt
| neiti || Miss
| virgin
|-
|-
| neljä
| neitsyt || virgin
| four
|-
|-
| neljäs
| neljä || four
| fourth
|-
|-
| neljästoista
| neljäs || fourth
| fourteenth
|-
|-
| neljätoista
| neljästoista || fourteenth
| fourteen
|-
|-
| nikkari
| neljätoista || fourteen
| carpenter
|-
|-
| nimi
| nikkari || carpenter
| name
|-
|-
| nimismies
| nimetön || anonymous, unknown, unnamed
| rural police chief
|-
|-
| noin
| nimi || name
| approximately
|-
|-
| Norja
| nimismies || rural police chief
| Norway
|-
|-
| norjalainen
| noin || approximately
| Norwegian
|-
|-
| notariaatti
| Norja || Norway
| notary
|-
|-
| numero
| norjalainen || Norwegian
| number
|-
|-
| nuo
| notariaatti || notary
| those
|-
|-
| nuohooja
| numero || number
| chimney sweeper
|-
|-
| nuorempi
| nuo || those
| (the) younger
|-
|-
| nuori(n)
| nuohooja || chimney sweeper
| young(est)
|-
|-
| nuorimies
| nuorempi || (the) younger
| youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
|-
| nuoripiika
| nuori(n) || young(est)
| maid, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| nuoripoika
| nuorimies || youth, unmarried man, bachelor
| youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
|-
| nuorukainen
| nuori piika || maid, unmarried woman
| young man
|-
|-
| nykyinen
| nuori poika || youth, unmarried man, bachelor
| present, current
|-
|-
| nälkä
| nuorukainen || young man
| hunger
|-
|-
| <br>
| nykyinen || present, current
|  
|-
|-
| '''O'''
| nälkä || hunger
|  
|}
 
===O===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| oikea  
| oikea || right (direction)
| right (direction)
|-
|-
| oikeus  
| oikeus || right, court
| right, court
|-
|-
| oli  
| oli || was
| was
|-
|-
| olivat  
| olivat || were
| were
|-
|-
| olla  
| olla || to be
| to be
|-
|-
| olosuhteet  
| olosuhteet || circumstances
| circumstances
|-
|-
| oluenpanija  
| oluenpanija || brewer
| brewer
|-
|-
| oma  
| oma || own (adjective)
| own (adjective)
|-
|-
| omaa sukua  
| omaa sukua || maiden name, née
| maiden name, née
|-
|-
| omainen  
| omainen || relative
| relative
|-
|-
| omaisuus  
| omaisuus || property
| property
|-
|-
| omistaa  
| omistaa || to have, to own
| to have, to own
|-
|-
| omistaja  
| omistaja || owner
| owner
|-
|-
| on  
| on || is
| is
|-
|-
| opettaja  
| opettaja || teacher
| teacher
|-
|-
| opiskelija  
| opiskelija || student (at university)
| student (at university)
|-
|-
| oppilas  
| oppilas || student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice
| student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice
|-
|-
| orpo  
| orpo || orphan
| orphan
|-
|-
| ortodoksi  
| ortodoksi || orthodox
| orthodox
|-
|-
| o.s. (omaa sukua)  
| o.s. (omaa sukua) || maiden name, née
| maiden name, née
|-
|-
| osa  
| osa || volume, part
| volume, part
|-
|-
| osoitehakemisto  
| osoitehakemisto || directory
| directory
|-
|-
| ote  
| ote || extract
| extract
|-
|-
| ottolapsi  
| ottolapsi || adopted child
| adopted child
|-
|-
| ottovanhemmat  
| ottovanhemmat || adoptive parents
| adoptive parents
|-
|-
| ovat  
| ovat || are
| are
|}
 
===P===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| <br>
| paikka(kunta) || place, locality
|  
|-
|-
| '''P'''
| paikkakuntahakemisto || gazetteer
|  
|-
|-
| paikka(kunta)
| paitatehtailija || shirt maker, shirt manufacturer
| place, locality
|-
|-
| paikkakuntahakemisto
| pakolainen || refugee, fugitive
| gazetteer
|-
|-
| paitatehtailija
| palo || fire
| shirt maker, shirt manufacturer
|-
|-
| pakolainen
| palvelija || servant
| refugee, fugitive
|-
|-
| palo
| palvelu(s) || service
| fire
|-
|-
| palvelija
| papintodistus || official certificate of birth, marriage, or death
| servant
|-
|-
| palvelu(s)
| pappi || clergyman, priest
| service
|-
|-
| papintodistus
| pappila || rectory, parsonage
| official certificate of birth, marriage, or death
|-
|-
| pappi
| pappilan asiakirjat || records of the parsonage
| clergyman, priest
|-
|-
| pappila
| pastori || pastor
| rectory, parsonage
|-
|-
| pappilan asiakirjat
| pastorinkanslia || office of the parish minister
| records of the parsonage
|-
|-
| pastori
| peltiseppä || tinner, tinsmith
| pastor
|-
|-
| pastorinkanslia
| penkkijärjestys || pew lists
| office of the parish minister
|-
|-
| peltiseppä
| perhe (suku) || family
| tinner, tinsmith
|-
|-
| penkkijärjestys
| perhehistoria (sukuhistoria) || family history
| pew lists
|-
|-
| perhe
| perheluettelo (sukuluettelo) || family register
| family
|-
|-
| perhehistoria
| perikunta || the heirs
| family history
|-
|-
| perheluettelo
| perillinen || heir
| family register
|-
|-
| perikunta
| perinnönjako || distribution of an inheritance
| the heirs
|-
|-
| perillinen
| perintö || inheritance
| heir
|-
|-
| perinnönjako
| perintötila || family (or inherited) estate
| distribution of an inheritance
|-
|-
| perintö
| perjantai || Friday
| inheritance
|-
|-
| perintötila
| peru(n)kirjat || private inventories of the deceased\'s property
| family (or inherited) estate
|-
|-
| perjantai
| perunjakokirjat || private inventories of the deceased\'s property
| Friday
|-
|-
| peru(n)kirjat
| perunkirjoitus || estate inventory, probate
| private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
|-
| perunjakokirjat
| pieni || little, small
| private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
|-
| perunkirjoitus
| piika || maid, unmarried woman
| estate inventory, probate
|-
|-
| pieni
| pikkulapsi || infant
| little, small
|-
|-
| piika
| pikkuserkku || second cousin
| maid, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| pikkulapsi
| pitäjä(läinen) || parish(ioner)
| infant
|-
|-
| pikkuserkku
| pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat || minutes of parochial meetings
| second cousin
|-
|-
| pitäjä(läinen)  
| pohjoi(s-) (-nen) || north
| parish(ioner)
|-
|-
| pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat
| poika || boy, son
| minutes of parochial meetings
|-
|-
| pohjoi(s-) (-nen)
| poikamies || bachelor
| north
|-
|-
| poika
| pois || away
| boy, son
|-
|-
| poikamies
| poismennyt || deceased (adjective)
| bachelor
|-
|-
| pois
| pojan poika || grandson, son\'s son
| away
|-
|-
| poismennyt
| pojan tytär || granddaughter, son\'s daughter
| deceased (adjective)
|-
|-
| pojan poika
| polveutua || descend from
| grandson, son\'s son
|-
|-
| pojan tytär
| pormestari || mayor
| granddaughter, son\'s daughter
|-
|-
| polveutua
| porvari || burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen
| descend from
|-
|-
| pormestari
| posteljooni || mailman
| mayor
|-
|-
| porvari
| preussilainen || Prussian
| burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen
|-
|-
| posteljooni
| prinsessa || princess
| mailman
|-
|-
| preussilainen
| prinssi || prince
| Prussian
|-
|-
| prinsessa
| protestantti || protestant
| princess
|-
|-
| prinssi
| punainen || red
| prince
|-
|-
| protestantti
| punatauti || dysentery
| protestant
|-
|-
| punainen
| puolalainen || Polish (of Poland)
| red
|-
|-
| punatauti
| puolenpäivän aikaan || at noon
| dysentery
|-
|-
| puolalainen
| -puoli (ending) || step, half
| Polish (of Poland)
|-
|-
| puolenpäivän aikaan
| puoliso || spouse
| at noon
|-
|-
| -puoli (ending)
| pursimies || boatswain
| step, half
|-
|-
| puoliso
| puuseppä || carpenter, joiner
| spouse
|-
|-
| pursimies
| puutarhuri || gardener
| boatswain
|-
|-
| puuseppä
| pyhä || holy, sacred, saint
| carpenter, joiner
|-
|-
| puutarhuri
| pyhäkoululapset || Sunday School children
| gardener
|-
|-
| pyhä
| päin || toward
| holy, sacred, saint
|-
|-
| pyhäkoululapset
| päivä(nä) || day
| list of Sunday School children
|-
|-
| päin
| päivämäärä || date
| toward
|-
|-
| päivä(nä)
| päivätyöläinen || day laborer
| day
|-
|-
| päivämäärä
| pääkirja || communion book
| date
|-
|-
| päivätyöläinen
| pääsiäinen || Easter
| day laborer
|-
|-
| pääkirja
| pöytäkirja || minutes
| communion book
|}
 
===R===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| pääsiäinen
| raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus) || city court
| Easter
|-
|-
| pöytäkirja
| raatihuone || town hall
| minutes
|-
|-
| <br>
| raatimies || council man, municipal judge
|  
|-
|-
| '''R'''
| raha(määrä) || money (sum of)
|  
|-
|-
| raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus)
| rahvas || people, peasantry
| city court
|-
|-
| raatihuone
| raja || border
| town hall
|-
|-
| raatimies
| rakastajatar || concubine
| council man, municipal judge
|-
|-
| raha(määrä)
| rakennusmestari || contractor, builder
| money (sum of)
|-
|-
| rahvas
| rakuuna || light cavalryman
| people, peasantry
|-
|-
| raja
| rampa || crippled
| border
|-
|-
| rakastajatar
| raskaana || pregnant
| concubine
|-
|-
| rakennusmestari
| ratsumestari || cavalry captain
| contractor, builder
|-
|-
| rakuuna
| ratsumies || cavalryman
| light cavalryman
|-
|-
| rampa
| ratsutilallinen || holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
| crippled
|-
|-
| raskaana
| ratsuväki || cavalry (men)
| pregnant
|-
|-
| ratsumestari
| rautaseppä || iron smith
| cavalry captain
|-
|-
| ratsumies
| rautatie || railroad
| cavalryman
|-
|-
| ratsutilallinen
| rehellinen || honest
| holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
|-
| ratsuväki
| rekisteri || register, index
| cavalry(men)
|-
|-
| rautaseppä
| renki || youth, unmarried man, farmhand
| iron smith
|-
|-
| rautatie
| rikollinen || criminal
| railroad
|-
|-
| rehellinen
| rikos(luettelo) || misdemeanor (list)
| honest
|-
|-
| rekisteri
| ripitysluettelo || absolution list
| register, index
|-
|-
| renki
| rippikirja || communion book
| youth, unmarried man, farmhand
|-
|-
| rikollinen
| rippilapset || confirmations
| criminal
|-
|-
| rikos(luettelo)
| ripuli || diarrhea
| misdemeanor (list)
|-
|-
| ripitysluettelo
| risti(ä) (-itty) || baptize(d)
| absolution list
|-
|-
| rippikirja
| ristimäaika || baptism date
| communion book
|-
|-
| rippilapset
| ristimänimi || Christian name, first name
| confirmations
|-
|-
| ripuli
| ritari || knight
| diarrhea
|-
|-
| risti(ä) (-itty)
| rokko || (small) pox
| baptize(d)
|-
|-
| ristimäaika
| rokotetut || vaccinations
| baptism date
|-
|-
| ristimänimi
| rouva || Mrs., wife
| Christian name, first name
|-
|-
| ritari
| rovasti(kunta) || dean(ery)
| knight
|-
|-
| rokko
| ruhtinaskunta || principality
| (small) pox
|-
|-
| rokotetut
| rulla || record, roll
| vaccinations
|-
|-
| rouva
| rumpali || drummer
| Mrs., wife
|-
|-
| rovasti(kunta)
| ruokamyrkytys || food poisoning
| dean(ery)
|-
|-
| ruhtinaskunta
| ruotsalainen || Swede, Swedish
| principality
|-
|-
| rulla
| Ruotsi || Sweden
| record, roll
|-
|-
| rumpali
| ruotu || district maintaining a foot soldier
| drummer
|-
|-
| ruokamyrkytys
| ruotusotilas || foot soldier
| food poisoning
|-
|-
| ruotsalainen
| ruotuvaivainen || pauper, dependent on the \"ruotu\"
| Swede, Swedish
|-
|-
| Ruotsi
| rusthollari || holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
| Sweden
|-
|-
| ruotu
| rutto || plague
| district maintaining a foot soldier
|-
|-
| ruotusotilas
| ruukki || foundry, mill, industry
| foot soldier
|-
|-
| ruotuvaivainen
| ruumis || corpse
| pauper, dependent on the \"ruotu\"
|-
|-
| rusthollari
| rykmentti || regiment
| holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
|-
| rutto
| rälssi || tax exempt, nobility
| plague
|-
|-
| ruukki
| rälssitila || tax exempt farm
| foundry, mill, industry
|-
|-
| ruumis
| räätäli || tailor
| corpse
|}
|-
 
| rykmentti
===S===
| regiment
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| rälssi
| s. (syntynyt) || born
| tax exempt, nobility
|-
|-
| rälssitila
| saapuneet || arrived, moved in
| tax exempt farm
|-
|-
| räätäli
| saapuneet asiakirjat || correspondence, letters
| tailor
|-
|-
| <br>
| saapunut || arrived
|  
|-
|-
| '''S'''
| saha || sawmill
|  
|-
|-
| s. (syntynyt)  
| sairas || sick (person)
| born
|-
|-
| saapuneet
| sairaus || sickness
| arrived, moved in
|-
|-
| saapuneet asiakirjat
| sakkoluettelot || lists of fines
| correspondence, letters
|-
|-
| saapunut
| saksalainen || German
| arrived
|-
|-
| saha
| sama || same
| sawmill
|-
|-
| sairas
| sanakirja || dictionary
| sick (person)
|-
|-
| sairaus
| sanomalehti || newspaper
| sickness
|-
|-
| sakkoluettelot
| sanottu || said, stated
| lists of fines
|-
|-
| saksalainen
| satulantekijä || saddle maker
| German
|-
|-
| sama
| savenvalaja || potter
| same
|-
|-
| sanakirja
| se || it
| dictionary
|-
|-
| sanomalehti
| seitsemän || seven
| newspaper
|-
|-
| sanottu
| seitsemäntoista || seventeen
| said, stated
|-
|-
| satulantekijä
| seitsemäs || seventh
| saddle maker
|-
|-
| savenvalaja
| seitsemästoista || seventeenth
| potter
|-
|-
| se
| sekä || and, also
| it
|-
|-
| seitsemän
| sen || its
| seven
|-
|-
| seitsemäntoista
| seppä || smith
| seventeen
|-
|-
| seitsemäs
| seppä || blacksmith
| seventh
|-
|-
| seitsemästoista
| serkku || cousin
| seventeenth
|-
|-
| sekä
| setä || uncle (paternal)
| and, also
|-
|-
| sen
| seura || society (genealogical)
| its
|-
|-
| seppä
| seuraava || next
| smith
|-
|-
| seppä
| seurakunta || parish (religious)
| blacksmith
|-
|-
| serkku
| seutu || region, vicinity
| cousin
|-
|-
| setä
| siellä || there
| uncle (paternal)
|-
|-
| seura
| siirtolainen || emigrant, immigrant
| society (genealogical)
|-
|-
| seuraava
| siirtolaisrekisteri || emigration records
| next
|-
|-
| seurakunta
| siirtolaisuus || immigration
| parish
|-
|-
| seutu
| siirtolaisuus || emigration
| region, vicinity
|-
|-
| siellä
| sikotauti || mumps
| there
|-
|-
| siirtolainen
| sikäläinen || of that place
| emigrant, immigrant
|-
|-
| siirtolaisrekisteri
| silta || bridge
| emigration records
|-
|-
| siirtolaisuus
| sinun || your, yours (singular)
| immigration
|-
|-
| siirtolaisuus
| sinä || you (singular)
| emigration
|-
|-
| sikotauti
| sisar || sister
| mumps
|-
|-
| sikäläinen
| sisarenpoika || nephew, sister\'s son
| of that place
|-
|-
| silta
| sisarentytär || niece, sister\'s daughter
| bridge
|-
|-
| sinun
| sisarpuoli || half-sister, stepsister
| your, yours (singular)
|-
|-
| sinä
| sisarukset || siblings
| you (singular)
|-
|-
| sisar
| sisko || sister
| sister
|-
|-
| sisarenpoika
| sisäinen || inside
| nephew, sister\'s son
|-
|-
| sisarentytär
| sisällysluettelo || register, index
| niece, sister\'s daughter
|-
|-
| sisarpuoli
| sisältö || contents
| half-sister, stepsister
|-
|-
| sisarukset
| siviilirekisteri || civil registration
| siblings
|-
|-
| sisko
| sivu || page
| sister
|-
|-
| sisäinen
| sokea || blind
| inside
|-
|-
| sisällysluettelo
| sokeritauti || diabetes
| register, index
|-
|-
| sisältö
| sorvari || turner
| contents
|-
|-
| siviilirekisteri
| sota || war
| civil registration
|-
|-
| sivu
| sotamies || soldier
| page
|-
|-
| sokea
| sotaväki || troops, army
| blind
|-
|-
| sokeritauti
| sotilas || soldier, military
| diabetes
|-
|-
| sorvari
| suku || family
| turner
|-
|-
| sota
| sukua(olla) || related
| war
|-
|-
| sotamies
| sukukirjat || lineage books
| soldier
|-
|-
| sotaväki
| sukulainen || relative
| troops, army
|-
|-
| sotilas
| sukulaisuus || relationship
| soldier, military
|-
|-
| suku
| sukunimi || surname
| family
|-
|-
| sukua(olla)
| sukupolvi || generation
| related
|-
|-
| sukukirjat
| sukupuoli || sex
| lineage books
|-
|-
| sukulainen
| sukupuolitauti || venereal disease
| relative
|-
|-
| sukulaisuus
| sukupuu || family tree, pedigree
| relationship
|-
|-
| sukunimi
| sukuselvitys || report of family relationships
| surname
|-
|-
| sukupolvi
| sukutaulu || genealogical table
| generation
|-
|-
| sukupuoli
| sukutiede || genealogy
| sex
|-
|-
| sukupuolitauti
| sukututkimus || genealogical research
| venereal disease
|-
|-
| sukupuu
| sukututkimusseura || genealogical society
| family tree, pedigree
|-
|-
| sukuselvitys
| sulhanen || bridegroom, fiancé
| report of family relationships
|-
|-
| sukutaulu
| sunnuntai || Sunday
| genealogical table
|-
|-
| sukutiede
| suomalainen || Finnish
| genealogy
|-
|-
| sukututkimus
| Suomi || Finland
| genealogical research
|-
|-
| sukututkimusseura
| suorittaa || perform
| genealogical society
|-
|-
| sulhanen
| suostumus || consent
| bridegroom, fiancé
|-
|-
| sunnuntai
| suuri || big, great
| Sunday
|-
|-
| suomalainen
| suutari || shoemaker
| Finnish
|-
|-
| Suomi
| sydänvika || heart trouble
| Finland
|-
|-
| suorittaa
| syksy || autumn
| perform
|-
|-
| suostumus
| sylilapsi || baby, infant
| consent
|-
|-
| suuri
| synnytys || childbirth
| big, great
|-
|-
| suutari
| syntymä || birth
| shoemaker
|-
|-
| sydänvika
| syntymäaika || date of birth
| heart trouble
|-
|-
| syksy
| syntymäpaikka || place of birth
| autumn
|-
|-
| sylilapsi
| syntymätodistus || birth certificate
| baby, infant
|-
|-
| synnytys
| syntyneet || births, birth records
| childbirth
|-
|-
| syntymä
| syntynyt || born, maiden surname
| birth
|-
|-
| syntymäaika
| syyskuu || September
| date of birth
|-
|-
| syntymäpaikka
| syytinki || allowance, person receiving allowance
| place of birth
|-
|-
| syntymätodistus
| syöpä || cancer
| birth certificate
|-
|-
| syntyneet
| säteri || tax exempt estate
| births, birth records
|-
|-
| syntynyt
| sääty (läinen) || station, class, standing (person of)
| born, maiden surname
|}
 
===T===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| syyskuu
| tahtoa || to want
| September
|-
|-
| syytinki
| tai || or
| allowance, person receiving allowance
|-
|-
| syöpä
| taiteilija || artist
| cancer
|-
|-
| säteri
| takana || behind
| tax exempt estate
|-
|-
| sääty(läinen)
| talo || house
| station, class, standing (person of)
|-
|-
| <br>
| talollinen || farmer
|  
|-
|-
| '''T'''
| talonpoika || peasant farmer
|  
|-
|-
| tahtoa
| talous || household
| to want
|-
|-
| tai
| talousapulainen || housemaid
| or
|-
|-
| taiteilija
| talvi || winter
| artist
|-
|-
| takana
| tammikuu || January
| behind
|-
|-
| talo
| tap(paa) (-ettu) || murder(ed)
| house
|-
|-
| talollinen
| tapaturma || accident
| farmer
|-
|-
| talonpoika
| tarkastuspöytäkirjat || visitations
| peasant farmer
|-
|-
| talous
| taulu(kko) || table, chart
| household
|-
|-
| talousapulainen
| tauti || disease
| housemaid
|-
|-
| talvi
| te || you (plural)
| winter
|-
|-
| tammikuu
| tehdas || factory
| January
|-
|-
| tap(po) (-ettu)
| teidän || your, yours (plural)
| murder(ed)
|-
|-
| tapaturma
| testamentti || will, testament
| accident
|-
|-
| tarkastuspöytäkirjat
| teurastaja || butcher
| visitations
|-
|-
| taulu(kko)
| tie || road
| table, chart
|-
|-
| tauti
| tiedottaja || informant
| disease
|-
|-
| te
| tiilentekijä || brickmaker
| you (plural)
|-
|-
| tehdas
| tiistai || Tuesday
| factory
|-
|-
| teidan
| tila || house, farm
| your, yours (plural)
|-
|-
| testamentti
| tilallinen || farm owner
| will, testament
|-
|-
| teurastaja
| tilikirjat || record of accounts
| butcher
|-
|-
| tie
| tilattomat || landless population
| road
|-
|-
| tiedottaja
| todistaja || witness
| informant
|-
|-
| tiilentekijä
| todistus || certificate, evidence
| brickmaker
|-
|-
| tiistai
| toimeentulo || livelihood
| Tuesday
|-
|-
| tila
| toimi || occupation
| house, farm
|-
|-
| tilallinen
| toimittaa || perform
| farm owner
|-
|-
| tilikirjat
| toinen || other, second
| record of accounts
|-
|-
| titattomat
| toisella nimellä || alias, a.k.a.
| landless population
|-
|-
| todistaja
| -ton (ending) || without, not
| witness
|-
|-
| todistus
| tontti || parcel
| certificate, evidence
|-
|-
| toimeentulo
| tori || market
| livelihood
|-
|-
| toimi
| torppari || crofter, tenant farmer
| occupation
|-
|-
| toimittaa
| torstai || Thursday
| perform
|-
|-
| toinen
| toukokuu || May
| other, second
|-
|-
| toisella nimellä
| tsaari || czar
| alias, a.k.a.
|-
|-
| -ton (ending)
| tuhkarokko || measles
| without, not
|-
|-
| tontti
| tulehdus || inflammation
| parcel
|-
|-
| tori
| tulipalo || fire
| market
|-
|-
| torppari
| tulirokko || scarlet fever
| crofter, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| torstai
| tulli || customs
| Thursday
|-
|-
| toukokuu
| tullut (+ -sta or -lta) || came (from)
| May
|-
|-
| tsaari
| tuntematon || unknown
| czar
|-
|-
| tuhkarokko
| tunti || hour
| measles
|-
|-
| tulehdus
| tuomari || judge
| inflammation
|-
|-
| tulipalo
| tuomio || judgment
| fire
|-
|-
| tulirokko
| tuomioistuin || court
| scarlet fever
|-
|-
| tulli
| tuomiokirkko || cathedral
| customs
|-
|-
| tullut (+ -sta or -lta)
| tuomiokunta || judicial district
| came (from)
|-
|-
| tuntematon
| tupa || cottage, house
| unknown
|-
|-
| tunti
| turvotus || swelling, edema
| hour
|-
|-
| tuomari
| tynnyrintekijä || cooper, barrel maker
| judge
|-
|-
| tuomio
| tyttären poika || grandson, daughter\'s son
| judgment
|-
|-
| tuomioistuin
| tyttären tytär || granddaughter, daughter\'s daughter
| court
|-
|-
| tuomiokirkko
| tyttö || girl, daughter
| cathedral
|-
|-
| tuomiokunta
| tytär || daughter
| judicial district
|-
|-
| tupa
| työläinen || laborer
| cottage, house
|-
|-
| turvotus
| työmies || laborer
| swelling, edema
|-
|-
| tynnyrintekijä
| työntekijä || laborer
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| tyttären poika
| täkäläinen || of this place
| grandson, daughter\'s son
|-
|-
| tyttären tytär
| tällä paikkakunnalla || in this place
| granddaughter, daughter\'s daughter
|-
|-
| tyttö
| tämä || this
| girl, daughter
|-
|-
| tytär
| tämä paikka || this place
| daughter
|-
|-
| työläinen
| tänään || today
| laborer
|-
|-
| työmies
| täti || aunt
| laborer
|-
|-
| työntekijä
| täysi-ikäinen || of legal age
| laborer
|-
|-
| täkäläinen
| täällä || here
| of this place
|}
 
===U===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| tällä paikkakunnalla
| ukko || old man
| in this place
|-
|-
| tämä
| ulko || outer
| this
|-
|-
| tämä paikka
| ulkoluku || reciting from memory
| this place
|-
|-
| tänään
| ulkomaalainen || foreign, strange
| today
|-
|-
| täti
| ummetus || constipation
| aunt
|-
|-
| täysi-ikäinen
| usein || often
| of legal age
|-
|-
| täällä
| uskonto || religious affiliation
| here
|-
|-
| <br>
| uudisasukas || settler
|  
|-
|-
| '''U'''
| uusi || new
|  
|}
 
===V===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| ukko
| v. (vihitty) || married
| old man
|-
|-
| ulko
| vaakuna || coat of arms
| outer
|-
|-
| ulkoluku
| vaakunaoppi || heraldry
| reciting from memory
|-
|-
| ulkomaalainen
| vaari || grandfather
| foreign, strange
|-
|-
| ummetus
| vahtimestari || caretaker
| constipation
|-
|-
| usein
| vaimo || wife, married women
| often
|-
|-
| uskonto
| vainaja || deceased, (the) late
| religious affiliation
|-
|-
| uudisasukas
| vaivainen || poor, sickly
| settler
|-
|-
| uusi
| vaivaisrahat || poor relief accounts
| new
|-
|-
| <br>
| vaivaisruodut || poor relief records
|  
|-
|-
| '''V'''
| vaivaistalo || poorhouse
|  
|-
|-
| v. (vihitty)
| vajaamielinen || mentally defective
| married
|-
|-
| vaakuna
| vakituinen || permanent, regular
| coat of arms
|-
|-
| vaakunaoppi
| valokuvaaja || photographer
| heraldry
|-
|-
| vaari
| valtakunta || state, empire
| grandfather
|-
|-
| vahtimestari
| valtio || state
| caretaker
|-
|-
| vaimo
| Valtionarkisto || state archives
| wife, married women
|-
|-
| vainaja
| valuri, valimon työntekijä || foundry worker
| deceased, (the) late
|-
|-
| vaivainen
| vanha || old
| poor, sickly
|-
|-
| vaivaisrahat
| vanhapoika || bachelor
| poor relief accounts
|-
|-
| vaivaisruodut
| vanhemmat || parents
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| vaivaistalo
| vanhempi || (the) older
| poorhouse
|-
|-
| vajaamielinen
| vanhin || oldest, elder
| mentally defective
|-
|-
| vakituinen
| vanhus || old person
| permanent, regular
|-
|-
| valokuvaaja
| vanhuus || old age
| photographer
|-
|-
| valtakunta
| vanki || prisoner
| state, empire
|-
|-
| valtio
| vankila || prison
| state
|-
|-
| Valtionarkisto
| vapaa || free
| state archives
|-
|-
| valuri
| vapaaherra(tar) || baron(ess)
| foundry worker
|-
|-
| vanha
| vapaasääty || nobility
| old
|-
|-
| vanhapoika
| varas || thief
| bachelor
|-
|-
| vanhemmat
| varkaus || theft
| parents
|-
|-
| vanhempi
| varrella || by, at side
| (the) older
|-
|-
| vanhin
| varten || for the purpose of
| oldest, elder
|-
|-
| vanhus
| vartija || warden
| old person
|-
|-
| vanhuus
| vasen || left (direction)
| old age
|-
|-
| vanki
| vaskiseppä || coppersmith
| prisoner
|-
|-
| vankila
| vastaanotettu || received
| prison
|-
|-
| vapaa
| vastanainut || newlywed
| free
|-
|-
| vapaaherra(tar)
| vastasyntynyt || newborn
| baron(ess)
|-
|-
| vapaasääty
| vasten || against
| nobility
|-
|-
| varas
| vatsatauti || stomach disease
| thief
|-
|-
| varkaus
| vauva || baby
| theft
|-
|-
| varrella
| vauva(na) || (as an) infant
| by, at side
|-
|-
| varten
| veli || brother
| for the purpose of
|-
|-
| vartia
| velipuoli || half-brother
| warden
|-
|-
| vasen
| veljenpoika || nephew, brother\'s son
| left (direction)
|-
|-
| vaskiseppä
| veljentytär || niece, brother\'s daughter
| coppersmith
|-
|-
| vastaanotettu
| velka || debt
| received
|-
|-
| vastanainut
| Venäjä || Russia
| newlywed
|-
|-
| vastasyntynyt
| venäläinen || Russian
| newborn
|-
|-
| vasten
| verensyöksy || hemorrhage
| against
|-
|-
| vatsatauti
| verenvuoto || hemorrhage
| stomach disease
|-
|-
| vauva
| veritulppa || blood clot
| baby
|-
|-
| vauva(na)
| vero || tax
| (as an) infant
|-
|-
| veli
| verotus || taxation
| brother
|-
|-
| velipuoli
| vesipöhö || dropsy, edema
| half-brother
|-
|-
| veljenpoika
| vesirokko || chicken pox
| nephew, brother\'s son
|-
|-
| veljentytär
| vielä || still
| niece, brother\'s daughter
|-
|-
| velka
| vieras(seurakuntalainen) || guest, person not of a given parish
| debt
|-
|-
| Venäjä
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat || registers of members of other parishes
| Russia
|-
|-
| venäläinen
| vihityt || marriages, marriage records
| Russian
|-
|-
| verensyöksy
| vihkiminen || marriage (ceremony)
| hemorrhage
|-
|-
| verenvuoto
| vihkimäsopimus || marriage contract
| hemorrhage
|-
|-
| veritulppa
| vihkimätodistus || marriage certificate
| blood clot
|-
|-
| vero
| vihreä || green
| tax
|-
|-
| verotus
| viides || fifth
| taxation
|-
|-
| vesipöhö
| viidestoista || fifteenth
| dropsy, edema
|-
|-
| vesirokko
| viikko || week
| chicken pox
|-
|-
| vielä
| viime || last, past
| still
|-
|-
| vieras(seurakuntalainen)
| viisi || five
| guest, person not of a given parish
|-
|-
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat
| viisitoista || fifteen
| registers of members of other parishes
|-
|-
| vihityt
| virasta eronnut || retired
| marriages, marriage records
|-
|-
| vihkiminen
| virasto || office, department
| marriage (ceremony)
|-
|-
| vihkimäsopimus
| virka || office, position, occupation
| marriage contract
|-
|-
| vihkimätodistus
| virkaa tekevä || officiating, deputy
| marriage certificate
|-
|-
| vihreä
| virkamies || public official
| green
|-
|-
| viides
| virkatodistus || official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death)
| fifth
|-
|-
| viidestoista
| Viro || Estonia
| fifteenth
|-
|-
| viikko
| virolainen || Estonian
| week
|-
|-
| viime
| vouti || bailiff, overseer (historical governor)
| last, past
|-
|-
| viisi
| v.t. (virkaa tekevä) || officiating, deputy
| five
|-
|-
| viisitoista
| vuoden ikäinen || years of age
| fifteen
|-
|-
| virasta eronnut
| vuokralainen || lodger
| retired
|-
|-
| virasto
| vuori || mountain
| office, department
|-
|-
| virka
| vuorokausi || twenty-four hours
| office, position, occupation
|-
|-
| virkaa tekevä
| vuosi || year
| officiating, deputy
|-
|-
| virkamies
| vuosi(päivä) (-juhla) || anniversary
| public official
|-
|-
| virkatodistus
| vuosikymmen || decade, decennial
| official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death)
|-
|-
| Viro
| vuosisata || century
| Estonia
|-
|-
| virolainen
| vuosittain(en) || yearly
| Estonian
|-
|-
| vouti
| vuotias || years old
| bailiff, overseer (historical governor)
|-
|-
| v.t. (virkaa tekevä)  
| väestö(rekisteri) || population (registry)
| officiating, deputy
|-
|-
| vuoden ikäinen
| väestönlaskenta || census
| years of age
|-
|-
| vuokralainen
| väki || people, folk, crew, forces
| lodger
|-
|-
| vuori
| väliaikainen || temporary
| mountain
|-
|-
| vuorokausi
| välillä || between
| twenty-four hours
|-
|-
| vuosi
| välittömästi || immediately, direct
| year
|-
|-
| vuosi(päiva) (-juhla)
| värjääjä || dyer
| anniversary
|-
|-
| vuosikymmen
| vävy || son-in-law
| decade, decennial
|}
 
===Y===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| vuosisata
| yhdeksän || nine
| century
|-
|-
| vuosittain(en)
| yhdeksäntoista || nineteen
| yearly
|-
|-
| vuotias
| yhdeksäs || ninth
| years old
|-
|-
| väestö(rekisteri)
| yhdeksästoista || nineteenth
| population (registry)
|-
|-
| väestönlaskenta
| yhdestoista || eleventh
| census
|-
|-
| väki
| yhteinen || together, belonging to both
| people, folk, crew, forces
|-
|-
| väliaikainen
| yhteiskunta || community
| temporary
|-
|-
| välillä
| yksi || one
| between
|-
|-
| välittömästi
| yksitoista || eleven
| immediately, direct
|-
|-
| värjääja
| yleinen || general, common
| dyer
|-
|-
| vävy
| yli, ylä || over, upper, ended
| son-in-law
|-
|-
| <br>
| ylkä || bridegroom
|  
|-
|-
| '''Y'''
| ylä || upper
|  
|-
|-
| yhdeksän
| ympärillä || around
| nine
|-
|-
| yhdeksäntoista
| yskä || cough (noun)
| nineteen
|-
|-
| yhdeksäs
| ystävä || friend
| ninth
|-
|-
| yhdeksästoista
| yö || night
| nineteenth
|}
 
===Ä===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| yhdestoista
| äidinisä || grandfather (maternal)
| eleventh
|-
|-
| yhteinen
| äidinäiti || grandmother (maternal)
| together, belonging to both
|-
|-
| yhteiskunta
| äiditön || motherless
| community
|-
|-
| yksi
| äiti || mother
| one
|-
|-
| yksitoista
| äitipuoli || stepmother
| eleven
|-
|-
| yleinen
| äpärä || illegitimate child
| general, common
|}
|-
 
| yli, ylä
 
| over, upper, ended
== Months ==
|-
{| class="wikitable"
| ylkä
! Finnish !! English
| bridegroom
|-
| ylä
| upper
|-
| ympärillä
| around
|-
|-
| yskä
| Tammikuu || January
| cough (noun)
|-
|-
| ystävä
| Helmikuu || February
| friend
|-
|-
| yö
| Maaliskuu || March
| night
|-
|-
| <br>
| Huhtikuu || April
|  
|-
|-
| '''Ä'''
| Toukokuu || May
|  
|-
|-
| äidinisä
| Kesäkuu || June
| grandfather (maternal)
|-
|-
| äidinäiti
| Heinäkuu || July
| grandmother (maternal)
|-
|-
| äiditön
| Elokuu || August
| motherless
|-
|-
| äiti
| Syyskuu || September
| mother
|-
|-
| äitipuoli
| Lokakuu || October
| stepmother
|-
|-
| äpärä
| Marraskuu || November
| illegitimate child
|-
|-
|  
| Joulukuu || December
|}
|}


[[Category:Finland]]
== Additional Resources ==
 
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in FamilySearch CentersLook this term up in the glossary.
 
Alanne, V. S. {{FSC|226548|item|disp=''Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja'' (Great Finnish-English Dictionary)]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968}}. FS Library film [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSDM-L9YQ-C?i=74&cat=226548 1224706 item 3].
 
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.
=== Online Resources ===
'''Historismi.net'''
*[https://historismi.net/tools1.html Lyhenteitä ja termejä (Abbreviations and terms)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools2.html Ammatit A-K (Professions, A-K)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools3.html Ammatit L-Ö (Professions, L-Ö)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools4.html Kuolinsyyt (Causes of death)]
 
== References ==
 
Family History Department. ''Genealogical Word List: Finnish''. by the Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, 1997
 
[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
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