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Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the [[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]. Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]].  
Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the [[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]. Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]].  
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If you would like to learn more about the language characteristics see the article [[Finnish Language Characteristics|Finnish Language Characteristics]].  
If you would like to learn more about the language characteristics see the article [[Finnish Language Characteristics|Finnish Language Characteristics]].  


==== Alphabetical Order ====
== Alphabetical Order ==


Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the FamilySearch CatalogLook this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:  
Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog. Look this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:  


a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z   å   ä  ö  
a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z   å   ä ö  


The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.  
The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.
 
<br>
 
==== Key Words  ====


== Key Words ==
To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  


For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriages. In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word "marriages". In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  


{|
{|
Line 79: Line 76:
|-
|-
| parents  
| parents  
| vanhemmat parishs seurakunta, kunta
| vanhemmat  
|-
|parish
|seurakunta, kunta
|-
|-
| wife  
| wife  
| vaimo, aviovaimo year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna
| vaimo, aviovaimo, vo
|-
|year  
|vuosi, vuoden, vuonna
|-
|-
|  
|  
|}
|}


=== General Word List  ===
== General Word List  ==


This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list.  
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list.  
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In this list, optional versions of Finnish words or variable endings are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the meaning.<br>  
In this list, optional versions of Finnish words or variable endings are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the meaning.<br>  


{|
===A===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| '''A'''
| aamu || morning
|  
|  
|-
|-
| aamu
| aamulla || in the morning
|  
| morning
|-
|-
| aamulla
| aamupäivä || forenoon
|  
| in the morning
|-
|-
| aamupäivä
| aateli(nen) || noble
|  
| forenoon
|-
|-
| aateli(nen)
| aatelisto || nobility
|  
| noble
|-
|-
| aatelisto
| aatto || eve
|  
| nobility
|-
|-
| aatto
| aika || time, date
|  
| eve
|-
|-
| aika
| aikainen || early, (a.m.)
|  
| time, date
|-
|-
| aikainen
| aikaisempi || earlier
|  
| early, (a.m.)
|-
|-
| aikaisempi
| aikakauskirja || periodical
|  
| earlier
|-
|-
| aikakauskirja
| aikanaan || in due time
|  
| periodical
|-
|-
| aikanaan
| aina || always
|  
| in due time
|-
|-
| aina
| ainoa || only
|  
| always
|-
|-
| ainoa
| aivokuume || encephalitis, inflammation of the brain
|  
| only
|-
|-
| aivokuume
| aivotärähdys || concussion
|  
| encephalitis, inflammation of the brain
|-
|-
| aivotärähdys
| ajaja || coachman
|  
| concussion
|-
|-
| ajaja
| ajomies || coachman
|  
| coachman
|-
|-
| ajomies
| ala, ali || low(er), under
|  
| coachman
|-
|-
| ala, ali
| alaikäinen || minor, underaged
|  
| low(er), under
|-
|-
| alaikäinen
| alla || under
|  
| minor, underaged
|-
|-
| alla
| allekirjoittanut || undersigned
|  
| under
|-
|-
| allekirjoittanut
| alue || region, district
|  
| undersigned
|-
|-
| alue
| alus || ship
|  
| region, district
|-
|-
| alus
| ammatti || profession, occupation
|  
| ship
|-
|-
| ammatti
| annettu || given
|  
| profession, occupation
|-
|-
| annettu
| anoppi || mother-in-law
|  
| given
|-
|-
| anoppi
| appi || father-in-law
|  
| mother-in-law
|-
|-
| appi
| appivanhemmat || parents-in-law
|  
| father-in-law
|-
|-
| appivanhemmat
| apteekkari || pharmacist, druggist
|  
| parents-in-law
|-
|-
| apteekkari
| arkisto || archive
|  
| pharmacist, druggist
|-
|-
| arkisto
| arkistoluettelo || archive list
|  
| archive
|-
|-
| arkistoluettelo
| arvo || title, rank, status
|  
| archive list
|-
|-
| arvo
| asema || station, class, standing
|  
| title, rank, status
|-
|-
| asema
| asevelvollinen || conscript soldier
|  
| station, class, standing
|-
|-
| asevelvollinen
| asiakirja || document, record
|  
| conscript soldier
|-
|-
| asiakirja
| asua || live, reside
|  
| document, record
|-
|-
| asua
| asuinpaikka || place of residence
|  
| live, reside
|-
|-
| asuinpaikka
| asukas || inhabitant, resident, lodger
|  
| place of residence
|-
|-
| asukas
| asunto || residence
|  
| inhabitant, resident, lodger
|-
|-
| asunto
| asutuksen yleisluettelo || general register of inhabitants
|  
| residence
|-
|-
| asutuksen yleisluettelo
| a.u. || illegitimate
|  
| general register of inhabitants
|-
|-
| a.u.
| aukko || gap (missing records)
|  
| illegitimate
|-
|-
| aukko
| autio || uninhabited
|  
| gap (missing records)
|-
|-
| autio
| avioero || divorce
|  
| uninhabited
|-
|-
| avioero
| avioliiton ulkopuolella || illegitimate, out of wedlock
|  
| divorce
|-
|-
| avioliiton ulkopuolella
| avioliitto || marriage
|  
| illegitimate, out of wedlock
|-
|-
| avioliitto
| avioliittoasiakirjat || marriage documents
|  
| marriage
|-
|-
| avioliittoasiakirjat
| aviomies || husband
|  
| marriage documents
|-
|-
| aviomies
| avionrikkoja || adulterer
|  
| husband
|-
|-
| avionrikkoja
| aviopari || married couple
|  
| adulterer
|-
|-
| aviopari
| aviopuoliso || spouse
|  
| married couple
|-
|-
| aviopuoliso
| avioton || unmarried, illegitimate
|  
| spouse
|-
|-
| avioton
| aviovaimo || wife
|  
|}
| unmarried, illegitimate
 
===D===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| aviovaimo
| peltiseppä || tinner, tinsmith
|  
|}
| wife
 
===E===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| <br>
| edellinen || former, preceding, previous
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''D'''
| edellä mainittu || above mentioned
|  
|  
|-
|-
| deltiseppä
| edesmennyt || deceased (adjective)
|  
| tinner, tinsmith
|-
|-
| <br>
| edessä || in front of
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''E'''
| Eesti, Viro || Estonia
|  
|  
|-
|-
| edellinen
| eestilänen || Estonian
|  
| former, preceding, previous
|-
|-
| edellämainittu
| ehkä || perhaps
|  
| above mentioned
|-
|-
| edesmennyt
| ehtoo || evening, eve
|  
| deceased (adjective)
|-
|-
| edessä
| ei || no, not
|  
| in front of
|-
|-
| Eesti
| ei koskaan || never
|  
| Estonia
|-
|-
| eestilänen
| eilen || yesterday
|  
| Estonian
|-
|-
| ehkä
| ei mitään || nothing
|  
| perhaps
|-
|-
| ehtoo
| ei vielä || not yet
|  
| evening, eve
|-
|-
| ei
| eläkkeellä oleva || pensioned, retired
|  
| no, not
|-
|-
| ei koskaan
| eli || lived, or
|  
| never
|-
|-
| eilen
| elokuu || August
|  
| yesterday
|-
|-
| eimitään
| eloonjäänyt || surviving, survivor
|  
| nothing
|-
|-
| ei vielä
| elossa || alive
|  
| not yet
|-
|-
| ekäkkeellä oleva
| eläke || pension
|  
| pensioned, retired
|-
|-
| eli
| eläkeläinen || pensioned person
|  
| lived, or
|-
|-
| elokuu
| elämäkerta || biography
|  
| August
|-
|-
| eloonjäänyt
| elää || to live, living, alive
|  
| surviving, survivor
|-
|-
| elossa
| ennen || before
|  
| alive
|-
|-
| eläke
| eno || uncle (maternal)
|  
| pension
|-
|-
| eläkeläinen
| ensimmäinen || first
|  
| pensioned person
|-
|-
| elämäkerta
| ent. (entinen) || former, previous
|  
| biography
|-
|-
| elää
| erikoistuomioistuimia || special courts
|  
| to live, living, alive
|-
|-
| ennen
| erilainen || various
|  
| before
|-
|-
| eno
| ero(nnut) || divorce(d)
|  
| uncle (maternal)
|-
|-
| ensimmäinen
| erotettu (kirkosta) || excommunicated (from the church)
|  
| first
|-
|-
| ent. (entinen)
| esi-isä || ancestor
|  
| former, previous
|-
|-
| erikoistuomioistuimia
| esikoinen || firstborn
|  
| special court records
|-
|-
| erilainen
| esivanhemmat || ancestors
|  
| various
|-
|-
| ero(nnut)
| esteettömyystodistukset || certificates attesting freedom from liability
|  
| divorce(d)
|-
|-
| erotettu (kirkosta)
| esteetön || free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.)
|  
| excommunicated (from the church)
|-
|-
| esi-isä
| etelä || south
|  
| ancestor
|-
|-
| esikoinen
| että || that
|  
| firstborn
|-
|-
| esivanhemmat
| etunimi || given name
|  
|}
| ancestors
 
===F===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| esteettömyystodistukset
| folio || page
|  
|}
| certificates attesting freedom from liability
 
===H===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| esteetön
| hakemisto || register, index
|  
| free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.)
|-
|-
| etelä
| hallitus || government, administration
|  
| south
|-
|-
| että
| halvaus || stroke, paralysis
|  
| that
|-
|-
| etunimi
| hampaiden puhkeaminen || teething
|  
| given name
|-
|-
| <br>
| harjoittelija || apprentice
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''F'''
| hattumaakari || hatmaker
|  
|  
|-
|-
| folio
| hatuntekijä || hatmaker
|  
| page
|-
|-
| <br>
| hauda(ta) (-ttu) || bury, buried
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''H'''
| hauraus || weakness of old age
|  
|  
|-
|-
| hakemisto
| hauta || grave
|  
| register, index
|-
|-
| hallitus
| hautajaiset || funeral
|  
| government, administration
|-
|-
| halvaus
| hautaus(toimitus) || funeral
|  
| stroke, paralysis
|-
|-
| hampaiden puhkeaminen
| hautausmaa || cemetery
|  
| teething
|-
|-
| harjoittelija
| he || they
|  
| apprentice
|-
|-
| hattumaakari
| heidän || their, theirs
|  
| hatmaker
|-
|-
| hatuntekijä
| heikkous || weakness (of old age)
|  
| hatmaker
|-
|-
| hauda(ta) (-ttu)
| heimo || tribe, clan, family
|  
| bury, buried
|-
|-
| hauraus
| heinäkuu || July
|  
| weakness of old age
|-
|-
| hauta
| helmikuu || February
|  
| grave
|-
|-
| hautajaiset
| hengenahdistus || shortness of breath
|  
| funeral
|-
|-
| hautaus(toimitus)
| henkikirja || tax list, census
|  
| funeral
|-
|-
| hautausmaa
| henkikirjoitus || census
|  
| cemetery
|-
|-
| he
| henkilö || person
|  
| they
|-
|-
| heidän
| henkilöhakemisto || name index
|  
| their, theirs
|-
|-
| heikkous
| henkilötiedot || personal data
|  
| weakness (of old age)
|-
|-
| heimo
| herra || Mr., sir
|  
| tribe, clan, family
|-
|-
| heinäkuu
| Herran ehtoollinen || communion
|  
| July
|-
|-
| helmikuu
| herrasväki || gentry, Mr. and Mrs.
|  
| February
|-
|-
| hengenahdistus
| herttua || duke
|  
| shortness of breath
|-
|-
| henkikirja
| herttuakunta || duchy
|  
| tax list, census
|-
|-
| henkikirjoitus
| herttuatar || duchess
|  
| census
|-
|-
| henkilö
| heti || right away, immediately
|  
| person
|-
|-
| henkilöhakemisto
| hiippakunta || diocese
|  
| name index
|-
|-
| henkilötiedot
| hinkuyskä || whooping cough
|  
| personal data
|-
|-
| herra
| historia || history
|  
| Mr., sir
|-
|-
| Herran ehtoollinen
| historiakirjat || births, marriages, deaths and moving in /out
|  
| communion
|-
|-
| herrasväki
| holhokki || minor person under legal guardianship
|  
| gentry, Mr. and Mrs.
|-
|-
| herttua
| holhooja || guardian
|  
| duke
|-
|-
| herttuakunta
| holhous || guardianship
|  
| duchy
|-
|-
| herttuatar
| hopeaseppä || silversmith
|  
| duchess
|-
|-
| heti
| hovioikeus || court of appeals
|  
| right away, immediately
|-
|-
| hiippakunta
| hautajaiset || burial
|  
| diocese
|-
|-
| hinkuyskä
| huhtikuu || April
|  
| whooping cough
|-
|-
| historia
| hukkunut || drowned, lost
|  
| history
|-
|-
| historiakirjat
| huomautuksia || remarks
|  
| births, marriages, and deaths
|-
|-
| holhokki
| huomautus || remark
|  
| minor person under legal guardianship
|-
|-
| holhooja
| huomenna || tomorrow
|  
| guardian
|-
|-
| holhous
| huonekalupuuseppä || cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|  
| guardianship
|-
|-
| hopeaseppä
| huora || whore
|  
| silversmith
|-
|-
| hovioikeus
| husaari || light cavalryman
|  
| court of appeals
|-
|-
| huatajaiset
| huutolainen || pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish
|  
| burial
|-
|-
| huhtikuu
| huutolaislapsi || pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish
|  
| April
|-
|-
| hukkunut
| hyvä || good
|  
| drowned, lost
|-
|-
| huomautuksia
| hän || he, she
|  
| remarks
|-
|-
| huomautus
| hänen || his, her, hers
|  
| remark
|-
|-
| huomenna
| hätäkaste || emergency baptism
|  
| tomorrow
|-
|-
| huonekalupuuseppä
| hääpäivä || wedding day, date
|  
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
| huora
| häät || wedding
|  
|}
| whore
 
===I===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| husaari
| ikä || age
|  
| light cavalryman
|-
|-
| huutolainen
| ikäkirjat || church census
|  
| pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
|-
| huutolaislapsi
| illalla || in the evening
|  
| pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
|-
| hyvä
| ilman || without
|  
| good
|-
|-
| hän
| ilmoittaa || to declare
|  
| he, she
|-
|-
| hänen
| ilta || evening
|  
| his, her, hers
|-
|-
| hätäkaste
| iltapäivä || afternoon
|  
| emergency baptism
|-
|-
| hääpäivä
| iltapäivällä || in the afternoon
|  
| wedding day, date
|-
|-
| häät
| inventaario || inventory
|  
|  
|-
|-
| <br>
| irtolainen || vagabond
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''I'''
| iso || large, big, great
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ikä
| iso-iso-isä || great-grandfather
|  
| age
|-
|-
| ikäkirjat
| iso-iso-äiti || great-grandmother
|  
| church census
|-
|-
| illalla
| isoisä || grandfather
|  
| in the evening
|-
|-
| ilman
| isorokko || smallpox
|  
| without
|-
|-
| ilmoittaa
| isovanhemmat || grandparents
|  
| to declare
|-
|-
| ilta
| isoäiti || grandmother
|  
| evening
|-
|-
| iltapäivä
| isä || father
|  
| afternoon
|-
|-
| iltapäivällä
| isänisä || grandfather (paternal)
|  
| in the afternoon
|-
|-
| inventaario
| isäntä || proprietor, host, landlord, farmer
|  
| inventory
|-
|-
| irtolainen
| isänäiti || grandmother (paternal)
|  
| vagabond
|-
|-
| iso
| isäpuoli || stepfather
|  
| large, big, great
|-
|-
| iso-iso-isä
| isätön || fatherless
|  
| great-grandfather
|-
|-
| iso-iso-äiti
| itse || self
|  
| great-grandmother
|-
|-
| isoisä
| itsellinen || tenant farmer
|  
| grandfather
|-
|-
| isorokko
| itä || east
|  
| smallpox
|-
|-
| isovanhemmat
| iäkäs || aged
|  
|}
| grandparents
 
===J===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| isoäiti
| ja || and
|  
| grandmother
|-
|-
| isä
| jalkavaimo || concubine
|  
| father
|-
|-
| isänisä
| jalkaväki || infantry
|  
| grandfather (paternal)
|-
|-
| isäntä
| johto || administration, leadership
|  
| proprietor, host, landlord, farmer
|-
|-
| isänäiti
| joka || which, who, every
|  
| grandmother (paternal)
|-
|-
| isäpuoli
| jokainen || each, every
|  
| stepfather
|-
|-
| isätön
| jokavuotuinen || annual
|  
| fatherless
|-
|-
| itse
| joki || river
|  
| self
|-
|-
| itsellinen
| joskus [1890] luvulla || sometime in the [1890s]
|  
| tenant farmer
|-
|-
| itä
| josta || from which
|  
| east
|-
|-
| iäkäs
| joten || thus
|  
| aged
|-
|-
| <br>
| joulu || Christmas
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''J'''
| joulukuu || December
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ja
| julistettu (kuolleeksi) || declared (dead)
|  
| and
|-
|-
| jalkavaimo
| juomanpanija || brewer
|  
|-
| concubine
| juoppous || intoxication
|-
|-
| jalkaväki
| jälkeen || after
|  
| infantry
|-
|-
| johto
| jälkeenjäänyt || surviving, survivor, retarded
|  
| administration, leadership
|-
|-
| joka
| jälkeläinen || descendant
|  
| which, who, every
|-
|-
| jokainen
| jälkimmäinen || latter, last
|  
| each, every
|-
|-
| jokavuotuinen
| jalkinekorjaaja || shoemaker
|  
| annual
|-
|-
| joki
| järvi || lake
|  
| river
|-
|-
| joskus [1890] luvulla
| jäsen(enä) || (as a) member
|  
| sometime in the [1890s]
|-
|-
| josta
| jäänyt || left, remaining
|  
|}
| from which
 
===K===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| joten
| k. (kuollut) || dead
|  
| thus
|-
|-
| joulu
| kaatumatauti || epilepsy
|  
| Christmas
|-
|-
| joulukuu
| kado(ta) (-nnut) || lose, lost
|  
| December
|-
|-
| julistettu (kuolleeksi)
| kahdeksan || eight
|  
| declared (dead)
|-
|-
| juomanpanija
| kahdeksantoista || eighteen
|  
| brewer
|-
|-
| juoppous
| kahdeksas || eighth
|  
| intoxication
|-
|-
| jälkeen
| kahdeksastoista || eighteenth
|  
| after
|-
|-
| jälkeenjäänyt
| kahdeskymmenes || twentieth
|  
| surviving, survivor, retarded
|-
|-
| jälkeläinen
| kahdeskymmenesensimmäinen || twenty-first
|  
| descendant
|-
|-
| jälkimmäinen
| kahdeskymmeneskahdeksas || twenty-eighth
|  
| latter, last
|-
|-
| jalkinekorjaaja
| kahdeskymmeneskolmas || twenty-third
|  
| shoemaker
|-
|-
| järvi
| kahdeskymmeneskuudes || twenty-sixth
|  
| lake
|-
|-
| jäsen(enä)
| kahdeskymmenesneljäs || twenty-fourth
|  
| (as a) member
|-
|-
| jäänyt
| kahdeskymmenesseitemäs || twenty-seventh
|  
| left, remaining
|-
|-
| <br>
| kahdeskymmenestoinen || twenty-second
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''K'''
| kahdeskymmenesviides || twenty-fifth
|  
|  
|-
|-
| k. (kuollut)
| kahdeskymmenesyhdeksäs || twenty-ninth
|  
| dead
|-
|-
| kaatumatauti
| kahdestoista || twelfth
|  
| epilepsy
|-
|-
| kado(ta) (-nnut)
| kaikki || all
|  
| lose, lost
|-
|-
| kahdeksan
| kaima || namesake
|  
| eight
|-
|-
| kahdeksantoista
| kaivos || mine
|  
| eighteen
|-
|-
| kahdeksas
| kaivostyöläinen || miner
|  
| eighth
|-
|-
| kahdeksastoista
| kaksi || two
|  
| eighteenth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes
| kaksikymmentä || twenty
|  
| twentieth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-ensimmäinen
| kaksikymmentäkahdeksan || twenty-eight
|  
| twenty-first
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kahdeksas
| kaksikymmentäkaksi || twenty-two
|  
| twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kolmas
| kaksikymmentäkolme || twenty-three
|  
| twenty-third
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kuudes
| kaksikymmentäkuusi || twenty-six
|  
| twenty-sixth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-neljäs
| kaksikymmentäneljä || twenty-four
|  
| twenty-fourth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-seitemäs
| kaksikymmentäseitsemän || twenty-seven
|  
| twenty-seventh
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-toinen
| kaksikymmentäviisi || twenty-five
|  
| twenty-second
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-viides
| kaksikymmentäyhdeksän || twenty-nine
|  
| twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-yhdeksäs
| kaksikymmentäyksi || twenty-one
|  
| twenty-ninth
|-
|-
| kahdestoista
| kaksitoista || twelve
|  
| twelfth
|-
|-
| kaikki
| kakso(nen) (-set) || twin(s)
|  
| all
|-
|-
| kaima
| kaksoiskappale || duplicate record
|  
| namesake
|-
|-
| kaivos
| kalastaja || fisherman
|  
| mine
|-
|-
| kaivostyöläinen
| kallio || hill
|  
| miner
|-
|-
| kaksi
| kalustoluettelo || inventory
|  
| two
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä
| kankuri || weaver
|  
| twenty
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kahdeksan
| kansa || people
|  
| twenty-eight
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kaksi
| kansalainen || citizen
|  
| twenty-two
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kolme
| Kansallisarkisto || state archives
|  
| twenty-three
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kuusi
| kansallisuus || nationality
|  
| twenty-six
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-neljä
| kanssa || with
|  
| twenty-four
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-seitsemän
| kantaisä || male progenitor
|  
| twenty-seven
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-viisi
| kantaäiti || female progenitor
|  
| twenty-five
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yhdeksän
| kantoluettelot || tax assessment rolls
|  
| twenty-nine
|-
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yksi
| kappalainen || assistant minister
|  
| twenty-one
|-
|-
| kaksitoista
| kappeli || chapel
|  
| twelve
|-
|-
| kakso(nen) (-set)  
| kara(ta) (-nnut) || to run away
|  
| twin(s)
|-
|-
| kaksoiskappale
| karjakko || milkmaid
|  
| duplicate record
|-
|-
| kalastaja
| karjapaimen || herdsman
|  
| fisherman
|-
|-
| kallio
| karkuri || runaway, fugitive, deserter
|  
| hill
|-
|-
| kalustoluettelo
| kartano || manorial estate
|  
| inventory
|-
|-
| kankuri
| kartta || map
|  
| weaver
|-
|-
| kansa
| kastamaton || unbaptized
|  
| people
|-
|-
| kansalainen
| kaste || christening, baptism
|  
| citizen
|-
|-
| Kansallisarkisto
| kastekirja || record of baptisms
|  
| state archives
|-
|-
| kansallisuus
| kastenimi || given name
|  
| nationality
|-
|-
| kanssa
| kastettu(t) || baptized, (births)
|  
| with
|-
|-
| kantaisä
| kasvain || tumor
|  
| male progenitor
|-
|-
| kantaäiti
| kasvatti(lapsi) || foster child
|  
| female progenitor
|-
|-
| kantoluettelot
| kasvattivanhemmat || foster parents
|  
| tax assessment rolls
|-
|-
| kappalainen
| katselmuspöytäkirjat || visitations
|  
| assistant minister
|-
|-
| kappeli
| katu || street
|  
| chapel
|-
|-
| kara(ta) (-nnut)
| kauppala || country town
|  
| to run away
|-
|-
| karjakko
| kauppias || shopkeeper, merchant
|  
| milkmaid
|-
|-
| karjapaimen
| kaupunki || city, town
|  
| herdsman
|-
|-
| karkuri
| kautta || via
|  
| runaway, fugitive, deserter
|-
|-
| kartano
| keisari || emperor, czar
|  
| manorial estate
|-
|-
| kartta
| keisarillinen || imperial
|  
| map
|-
|-
| kastamaton
| kelloseppä || watchmaker
|  
| unbaptized
|-
|-
| kaste
| keltatauti || jaundice
|  
| christening, baptism
|-
|-
| kastekirja
| kerjäläinen || beggar
|  
| record of baptisms
|-
|-
| kastenimi
| kerta || times
|  
| given name
|-
|-
| kastettu(t)
| keskellä || in the middle
|  
| baptized, (births)
|-
|-
| kasvain
| keskenmeno || miscarriage
|  
| tumor
|-
|-
| kasvatti(lapsi)
| keskipäivä || noon, midday
|  
| foster child
|-
|-
| kasvattivanhemmat
| keskiviikko || Wednesday
|  
| foster parents
|-
|-
| katselmuspöytäkirjat
| keskiyö || midnight
|  
| visitations
|-
|-
| katu
| keskonen || prematurely born child
|  
| street
|-
|-
| kauppala
| kesä || summer
|  
| country town
|-
|-
| kauppias
| kesäkuu || June
|  
| shopkeeper, merchant
|-
|-
| kaupunki
| keuhkotauti || consumption, tuberculosis
|  
| city, town
|-
|-
| kautta
| kevät || spring
|  
| via
|-
|-
| keisari
| kieli || language, tongue
|  
| emperor, czar
|-
|-
| keisarillinen
| kihlakunnanoikeus || rural district court
|  
| imperial
|-
|-
| kelloseppä
| kihlakunta || rural civil district
|  
| watchmaker
|-
|-
| keltatauti
| kihlattu || engaged, betrothed
|  
| jaundice
|-
|-
| kerjäläinen
| kihlaus || engagement
|  
| beggar
|-
|-
| kerta
| keuhkotulehdus || pneumonia
|  
| times
|-
|-
| keskellä
| kihti || gout
|  
| in the middle
|-
|-
| keskenmeno
| kilometri || kilometer
|  
| miscarriage
|-
|-
| keskipäivä
| kinkeriasiakirjat || catechetical meeting records
|  
| noon, midday
|-
|-
| keskiviikko
| kinkerit || catechetical meeting, household examination
|  
| Wednesday
|-
|-
| keskiyö
| kirja || book, register
|  
| midnight
|-
|-
| keskonen
| kirjaaja || register
|  
| prematurely born child
|-
|-
| kesä
| kirjansitoja || bookbinder
|  
| summer
|-
|-
| kesäkuu
| kirjanpitäjä || bookkeeper
|  
| June
|-
|-
| keuhkotauti
| kirjasto || library
|  
| consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
| kevät
| kirje(et) || letter(s)
|  
| spring
|-
|-
| kieli
| postinkantaja || mailman
|  
| language, tongue
|-
|-
| kihlakunnanoikeus
| kirjeenvaihto || correspondence, letters
|  
| rural district court
|-
|-
| kihlakunta
| kirjuri || clerk, scribe
|  
| rural civil district
|-
|-
| kihlattu
| kirkko || church
|  
| engaged, betrothed
|-
|-
| kihlaus
| kirkkoherra || minister, priest
|  
| engagement
|-
|-
| kihlkeuhkotulehdus
| kirkkoherranvirasto || office of the parish minister
|  
| pneumonia
|-
|-
| kihti
| kirkon asiakirjat || church records
|  
| gout
|-
|-
| kilometri
| kirkonkirja || parish register
|  
| kilometer
|-
|-
| kinkeriasiakirjat
| kirvesmies || carpenter
|  
| catechetical meeting records
|-
|-
| kinkerit
| kisälli || journeyman
|  
| catechetical meeting, household examination
|-
|-
| kirja
| kohtaus || seizures, illness
|  
| book, register
|-
|-
| kirjaaja
| kolera || cholera
|  
| register
|-
|-
| kirjannitoja
| kolmas || third
|  
| bookbinder
|-
|-
| kirjanpitäjä
| kolmaskymmenes || thirtieth
|  
| bookkeeper
|-
|-
| kirjasto
| kolmaskymmenesensimmäinen || thirty-first
|  
| library
|-
|-
| kirje(et)
| kolmastoista || thirteenth
|  
| letter(s)
|-
|-
| kirjeenkantaja
| kolme || three
|  
| mailman
|-
|-
| kirjekirjat
| kolmekymmentä || thirty
|  
| correspondence, letters
|-
|-
| kirjuri
| kolmekymmentäyksi || thirty-one
|  
| clerk, scribe
|-
|-
| kirkko
| kolmetoista || thirteen
|  
| church
|-
|-
| kirkkoherra
| kolmoset || triplets
|  
| minister, priest
|-
|-
| kirkkoherranvirasto
| koneenkäyttäjä || machinist
|  
| office of the parish minister
|-
|-
| kirkon asiakirjat
| korkea || high
|  
| records regarding the church building
|-
|-
| kirkonkirja
| korkea ikä || old (high) age
|  
| parish register
|-
|-
| kirvesmies
| korkeinoikeus || supreme court
|  
| carpenter
|-
|-
| kisälli
| kortisto || card index
|  
| journeyman
|-
|-
| kohtaus
| kortteli || block
|  
| seizures, illness
|-
|-
| kolera
| koska || when, because of
|  
| cholera
|-
|-
| kolmas
| kot(i) (-ona) || (at) home
|  
| third
|-
|-
| kolmaskymmenes
| kotimaa || homeland, native land
|  
| thirtieth
|-
|-
| kolmaskymmenes-ensimmäinen
| asuinpaikka || residence
|  
| thirty-first
|-
|-
| kolmastoista
| kotirouva || housewife
|  
| thirteenth
|-
|-
| kolme
| koulu || school
|  
| three
|-
|-
| kolmekymmentä
| kouluasiakirjat || school documents
|  
| thirty
|-
|-
| kolmekymmentä-yksi
| kouristus || convulsions, cramps
|  
| thirty-one
|-
|-
| kolmetoista
| kramppi || cramps, convulsions
|  
| thirteen
|-
|-
| kolmoset
| kreikkalaiskatolinen, ortodoksi || (Eastern) Orthodox
|  
| triplets
|-
|-
| koneenkäyttäjä
| kreivi || count (earl)
|  
| machinist
|-
|-
| korkea
| krenatööri, jalkaväkimies || infantryman, grenadier
|  
| high
|-
|-
| korkea ikä
| kristinoppi || (knowledge of) Christian doctrine
|  
| old (high) age
|-
|-
| korkein oikeus
| kruunu || crown, state, government
|  
| supreme court
|-
|-
| kortisto
| kuin || as
|  
| card index
|-
|-
| kortteli
| kuinka || how
|  
| block
|-
|-
| koska
| kuka || who
|  
| when, because of
|-
|-
| kot(i) (-ona)
| kulkuri || vagabond
|  
| (at) home
|-
|-
| kotimaa
| kulkutauti || epidemic
|  
| homeland, native land
|-
|-
| kotipaikka
| kultaseppä || goldsmith
|  
| residence
|-
|-
| kotirouva
| kuluva || current
|  
| housewife
|-
|-
| koulu
| kummi(t) || sponsor(s), godmother, godfather
|  
| school
|-
|-
| kouluasiakirjat
| kun(ta) (-nat) || parish(es), commune(s)
|  
| school documents
|-
|-
| kouristus
| kuningas || king
|  
| convulsions, cramps
|-
|-
| kramppi
| kuningaskunta || kingdom
|  
| cramps, convulsions
|-
|-
| kreikkalaiskatolinen
| kuningatar || queen
|  
| (Eastern) Orthodox
|-
|-
| kreivi
| kuninkaallinen || royal
|  
| count (earl)
|-
|-
| krenatööri
| kunniallinen || honest
|  
| infantryman, grenadier
|-
|-
| kristinoppi
| kunta || municipality
|  
| (knowledge of) Christian doctrine
|-
|-
| kruunu
| kuolema || death
|  
| crown, state, government
|-
|-
| kuin
| kuoli || died
|  
| as
|-
|-
| kuinka
| kuoli ilman perillisiä || died without issue (any heir)
|  
| how
|-
|-
| kuka
| kuolinilmoitus || obituary
|  
| who
|-
|-
| kulkuri
| kuolinpesä || death estate
|  
| vagabond
|-
|-
| kulkutauti
| kuolinsyy || cause of death
|  
| epidemic
|-
|-
| kultaseppä
| kuolintodistus || death certificate
|  
| goldsmith
|-
|-
| kuluva
| kuolleena syntynyt || stillborn
|  
| current
|-
|-
| kummi(t)
| kuolleet || deaths, death records
|  
| sponsor(s), godmother, godfather
|-
|-
| kun(ta) (-nat)
| kuollut || dead, died
|  
| parish(es), commune(s)
|-
|-
| kuningas
| kuppa || syphilis
|  
| king
|-
|-
| kuningaskunta
| kurkkumätä || diphtheria
|  
| kingdom
|-
|-
| kuningatar
| kuski || coachman
|  
| queen
|-
|-
| kuninkaallinen
| kuten || as
|  
| royal
|-
|-
| kunniallinen
| kutsu(a) (-ttu) || call(ed)
|  
| honest
|-
|-
| kunta
| kuudes || sixth
|  
| municipality
|-
|-
| kuolema
| kuudestoista || sixteenth
|  
| death
|-
|-
| kuoli
| kuukausi || month
|  
| died
|-
|-
| kuoli ilman perillisiä
| kuulustelu || examination
|  
| died without issue
|-
|-
| kuolinilmoitus
| kuulutetut || banns, marriage intentions
|  
| obituary
|-
|-
| kuolinpesä
| kuume || fever
|  
| death estate
|-
|-
| kuolinsyy
| kuuro(mykkä) || deaf (and dumb)
|  
| cause of death
|-
|-
| kuolintoclistus
| kuusi || six
|  
| death certificate
|-
|-
| kuolleena syntynyt
| kuusitoista || sixteen
|  
| stillborn
|-
|-
| kuolleet
| kylä || village
|  
| deaths, death records
|-
|-
| kuollut
| kymmenen || ten
|  
| dead, died
|-
|-
| kuppa
| kymmenes || tenth
|  
| syphilis
|-
|-
| kurkkumätä
| käly || sister-in-law
|  
| diphtheria
|-
|-
| kuski
| käräjäkunta || primary rural judicial district, assize division
|  
| coachman
|-
|-
| kuten
| käräjät || local court, assizes
|  
| as
|-
|-
| kutsu(a) (-ttu)
| käsikirja || manual
|  
| call(ed)
|-
|-
| kuudes
| käsityöläinen || artisan
|  
| sixth
|-
|-
| kuudestoista
| kätilö || midwife
|  
| sixteenth
|-
|-
| kuukausi
| käytös || conduct
|  
| month
|-
|-
| kuulustelu
| kääntymys || conversion
|  
| examination
|-
|-
| kuulutetut
| köyhä || poor
|  
| banns, marriage intentions
|-
|-
| kuume
| köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat || poor relief records
|  
| fever
|-
|-
| kuuro(mykkä)
| köyhäintalo || poorhouse
|  
| deaf (and dumb)
|-
|-
| kuusi
| köyhien luettelot || poor relief records
|  
|}
| six
 
===L===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| kuusitoista
| laakso || valley
|  
| sixteen
|-
|-
| kylä
| laamanni(n)oikeus || lower court of appeal
|  
| village
|-
|-
| kymmenen
| lahja || gift, donation
|  
| ten
|-
|-
| kymmenes
| lahjoitus || donations
|  
| tenth
|-
|-
| käly
| laillinen || legal, legitimate
|  
| sister-in-law
|-
|-
| käräjäkunta
| laiskanlukijat || lazy readers
|  
| primary rural judicial district, assize division
|-
|-
| käräjät
| laiva || boat
|  
| local court, assizes
|-
|-
| käsikirja
| laki || law
|  
| manual
|-
|-
| käsityöläinen
| lamp. (lampuoti) || tenant farmer
|  
| artisan
|-
|-
| kätilö
| lanko || brother-in-law
|  
| midwife
|-
|-
| käytös
| lap(si) (-set) || child(ren)
|  
| conduct
|-
|-
| kääntymys
| lapsenlapsi || grandchild
|  
| conversion
|-
|-
| köyhä
| lapseton || childless
|  
| poor
|-
|-
| köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat
| lapsihalvaus || polio
|  
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| köyhäintalo
| lasinleikkaaja || glass cutter, glazier
|  
| poorhouse
|-
|-
| köyhien luettelot
| lastenkirjat || preconfirmation roll
|  
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| <br>
| lastenkoti || orphanage
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''L'''
| Latvia || Latvia
|  
|  
|-
|-
| laakso
| Latvialainen || Latvian
|  
| valley
|-
|-
| laamanni(n)oikeus
| lauantai || Saturday
|  
| lower court of appeal
|-
|-
| lahja
| lautamies || juror
|  
| gift, donation
|-
|-
| lahjoitus
| lavantauti || typhoid fever
|  
| donations
|-
|-
| laillinen
| leipuri || baker
|  
| legal, legitimate
|-
|-
| laiskanlukijat
| leski || widow, widower
|  
| list of slow readers
|-
|-
| laiva
| levyseppä || sheet metal worker
|  
| boat
|-
|-
| laki
| Liettua || Lithuania
|  
| law
|-
|-
| lamp. (lampuoti)
| liettualainen || Lithuanian
|  
| tenant farmer
|-
|-
| lanko
| linna || castle, jail
|  
| brother-in-law
|-
|-
| lap(si) (-set)
| lki. (leski) || widow, widower
|  
| child(ren)
|-
|-
| lapsenlapsi
| loinen || dependent lodger
|  
| grandchild
|-
|-
| lapseton
| lois. || dependent lodger
|  
| childless
|-
|-
| lapsihalvaus
| lokakuu || October
|  
| polio
|-
|-
| lasinleikkaaja
| luettelo || list, index, directory
|  
| glass cutter, glazier
|-
|-
| lastenkirjat
| lukkari || cantor, parish clerk
|  
| preconfirmation roll
|-
|-
| lastenkoti
| luku || number
|  
| orphanage
|-
|-
| Latvia
| lukutaito || ability to read, literacy
|  
| Latvia
|-
|-
| Latvialainen
| lunastus || fee
|  
| Latvian
|-
|-
| lauantai
| luona || at
|  
| Saturday
|-
|-
| lautamies
| luonnollinen kuolema || natural death
|  
| juror
|-
|-
| lavantauti
| luostari || monastery
|  
| typhoid fever
|-
|-
| leipuri
| lupa || permission
|  
| baker
|-
|-
| leski
| luterilainen || Lutheran
|  
| widow, widower
|-
|-
| levyseppä
| luumätä || caries, bone rot
|  
| sheet metal worker
|-
|-
| Liettua
| lähellä || near
|  
| Lithuania
|-
|-
| liettualainen
| lähtenyt || departed
|  
| Lithuanian
|-
|-
| linna
| länsi || west
|  
| castle, jail
|-
|-
| lki. (leski)
| läpi || through
|  
| widow, widower
|-
|-
| loinen
| läsnä || present
|  
| dependent lodger
|-
|-
| lois.
| läsnäolo || presence
|  
| dependent lodger
|-
|-
| lokakuu
| lääkäri || physician
|  
| October
|-
|-
| luettelo
| lääni || county
|  
| list, index, directory
|-
|-
| lukkari
| lääninhallitus || county government
|  
| cantor, parish clerk
|-
|-
| luku
| löytölapsi || foundling
|  
|}
| number
 
===M===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| lukutaito
| maa || land, country, earth
|  
| ability to read, literacy
|-
|-
| lunastus
| maakirja || land record
|  
| fee
|-
|-
| luona
| maakunta || province
|  
| at
|-
|-
| luonnollinen kuolema
| maakunta-arkisto || provincial archives
|  
| natural death
|-
|-
| luostari
| maalaiskunta (mlk.)|| rural municipality near a city (civil administration unit) [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalaiskunta]
|  
| monastery
|-
|-
| lupa
| maalari || painter
|  
| permission
|-
|-
| luterilainen
| maaliskuu || March
|  
| Lutheran
|-
|-
| luumätä
| maanantai || Monday
|  
| caries
|-
|-
| lähellä
| maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat || documents of parcelling of land
|  
| near
|-
|-
| lähtenyt
| maanmittari || surveyor
|  
| departed
|-
|-
| länsi
| maanviljelijä || farmer
|  
| west
|-
|-
| läpi
| maaseurakunta (msk., msrk.) || rural parish (church administration) equivalent to Swedish: ''landsförsamling'' [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaseurakunta]
|  
| through
|-
|-
| läsnä
| maasta muuttanut || emigrated
|  
| present
|-
|-
| läsnäolo
| maattu nainen || woman who has had illicit relations
|  
| presence
|-
|-
| lääkäri
| maine(todistus) || (certificate of) character
|  
| physician
|-
|-
| lääni
| mainittu || said, stated
|  
| county
|-
|-
| lääninhallitus
| maistraatti || city administration, magistrate
|  
| county government
|-
|-
| löytölapsi
| majatalo || inn
|  
| foundling
|-
|-
| <br>
| makkarantekijä || sausage maker
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''M'''
| maksatauti || liver disease
|  
|  
|-
|-
| maa
| manttaali || assessment unit of land
|  
| land, country, earth
|-
|-
| maakirja
| manttaaliluettelo || tax list, census
|  
| land record
|-
|-
| maakunta
| marraskuu || November
|  
| province
|-
|-
| maakunta-arkisto
| matruusi || sailor
|  
| provincial archives
|-
|-
| maalaiskunta
| me || we
|  
| rural parish near a city
|-
|-
| maalari
| meidän || our, ours
|  
| painter
|-
|-
| maaliskuu
| mekaanikko || machinist
|  
| March
|-
|-
| maanantai
| mennyt(aika) || the past
|  
| Monday
|-
|-
| maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat
| meri || sea
|  
| documents of parcelling of land
|-
|-
| maanmittari
| merimies || sailor
|  
| surveyor
|-
|-
| maanviljelijä
| merkintä || entry, remark
|  
| farmer
|-
|-
| maasta muuttanut
| merkitty || entered, noted
|  
| emigrated
|-
|-
| maattu nainen
| mestari || master, expert
|  
| woman who has had illicit relations
|-
|-
| maine(todistus)
| metsä || forest
|  
| (certificate of) character
|-
|-
| mainittu
| metsänhoitaja || forester
|  
| said, stated
|-
|-
| maistraatti
| metsästäjä || hunter
|  
| city administration, magistrate
|-
|-
| majatalo
| miehistö || crew
|  
| inn
|-
|-
| makkarantekijä
| mies || man, husband
|  
| sausage maker
|-
|-
| maksatauti
| miespuolinen || male
|  
| liver disease
|-
|-
| manttaali
| miilunpolttaja || charcoal burner
|  
| assessment unit of land
|-
|-
| manttaaliluettelo
| miksi || why
|  
| tax list, census
|-
|-
| marraskuu
| mikä || what, which
|  
| November
|-
|-
| matruusi
| miniä || daughter-in-law
|  
| sailor
|-
|-
| me
| minun || my, mine
|  
| we
|-
|-
| meidan
| minuutti || minute
|  
| our, ours
|-
|-
| mekaanikko
| minä || I
|  
| machinist
|-
|-
| mennyt(aika)
| missä || where
|  
| the past
|-
|-
| meri
| mitätön || minor, insignificant
|  
| sea
|-
|-
| merimies
| m.n. (maattu nainen) || woman who has had illicit relations
|  
| sailor
|-
|-
| merkintä
| molemmat || both
|  
| entry, remark
|-
|-
| merkitty
| molempien || belonging to both
|  
| entered, noted
|-
|-
| mestari
| monenlainen || various
|  
| master, expert
|-
|-
| metsä
| morsian || bride, fiancée
|  
| forest
|-
|-
| metsänhoitaja
| morsiuspari || bridal couple
|  
| forester
|-
|-
| metsästäjä
| muistiinpano || record, note, entry
|  
| hunter
|-
|-
| miehistö
| mummo || grandmother
|  
| crew
|-
|-
| mies
| muonamies || farmworker receiving wages in commodities
|  
| man, husband
|-
|-
| miespuolinen
| murha(ttu) || murder(ed)
|  
| male
|-
|-
| miilunpolttaja
| mutta || but
|  
| charcoal burner
|-
|-
| miksi
| muurari || mason, bricklayer
|  
| why
|-
|-
| mikä
| muut asiakirjat || miscellaneous documents
|  
| what, which
|-
|-
| miniä
| muutt(i) (-anut) || moved
|  
| daughter-in-law
|-
|-
| minun
| muuttaneet || moving record
|  
| my, mine
|-
|-
| minuutti
| muuttokirja || certificate of moving
|  
| minute
|-
|-
| minä
| mylly || mill
|  
| I
|-
|-
| missä
| mylläri || miller
|  
| where
|-
|-
| mitätön
| myrkytys || poisoning
|  
| minor, insignificant
|-
|-
| m.n. (maattu nainen)  
| myöhäinen || late (p.m.)
|
| woman who has had illicit relations
|-
|-
| molemmat
| myös(kin) || also
|  
| both
|-
|-
| molempien
| mäkitupalainen || cottager
|  
| belonging to both
|-
|-
| monenlainen
| mökki || cottage
|  
|}
| various
 
===N===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| morsiain
| naapuri || neighbor
|  
| bride, fiancée
|-
|-
| morsiuspari
| nahkuri || tanner
|  
| bridal couple
|-
|-
| muistiinpano
| naida || to marry
|  
| record, note, entry
|-
|-
| mummo
| naimaton || single, unmarried
|  
| grandmother
|-
|-
| muonamies
| naimattomana || unmarried (at the given time)
|  
| farmworker receiving wages in commodities
|-
|-
| murha(ttu)
| naimisissa || married
|  
| murder(ed)
|-
|-
| mutta
| nainen || woman
|  
| but
|-
|-
| muurari
| naispuolinen || female
|  
| mason, bricklayer
|-
|-
| muut asiakirjat
| neiti || Miss
|  
| miscellaneous documents
|-
|-
| muutt(i) (-anut)
| neitsyt || virgin
|  
| moved
|-
|-
| muuttaneet
| neljä || four
|  
| moving record
|-
|-
| muuttokirja
| neljäs || fourth
|  
| certificate of moving
|-
|-
| mylly
| neljästoista || fourteenth
|  
| mill
|-
|-
| mylläri
| neljätoista || fourteen
|  
| miller
|-
|-
| myrkytys
| nikkari || carpenter
|  
| poisoning
|-
|-
| myöhäinen
| nimetön || anonymous, unknown, unnamed
|  
| late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| myös(kin)
| nimi || name
|  
| also
|-
|-
| mäkitupalainen
| nimismies || rural police chief
|  
| cottager
|-
|-
| mökki
| noin || approximately
|  
| cottage
|-
|-
| <br>
| Norja || Norway
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''N'''
| norjalainen || Norwegian
|  
|  
|-
|-
| naapuri
| notariaatti || notary
|  
| neighbor
|-
|-
| nahkuri
| numero || number
|  
| tanner
|-
|-
| naida
| nuo || those
|  
| to marry
|-
|-
| naimaton
| nuohooja || chimney sweeper
|  
| single, unmarried
|-
|-
| naimattomana
| nuorempi || (the) younger
|  
| unmarried (at the given time)
|-
|-
| naimisissa
| nuori(n) || young(est)
|  
| married
|-
|-
| nainen
| nuorimies || youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|  
| woman
|-
|-
| naispuolinen
| nuori piika || maid, unmarried woman
|  
| female
|-
|-
| neiti
| nuori poika || youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|  
| Miss
|-
|-
| neitsyt
| nuorukainen || young man
|  
| virgin
|-
|-
| neljä
| nykyinen || present, current
|  
| four
|-
|-
| neljäs
| nälkä || hunger
|  
|}
| fourth
 
===O===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| neljästoista
| oikea || right (direction)
|  
| fourteenth
|-
|-
| neljätoista
| oikeus || right, court
|  
| fourteen
|-
|-
| nikkari
| oli || was
|  
| carpenter
|-
|-
| nimi
| olivat || were
|  
| name
|-
|-
| nimismies
| olla || to be
|  
| rural police chief
|-
|-
| noin
| olosuhteet || circumstances
|  
| approximately
|-
|-
| Norja
| oluenpanija || brewer
|  
| Norway
|-
|-
| norjalainen
| oma || own (adjective)
|  
| Norwegian
|-
|-
| notariaatti
| omaa sukua || maiden name, née
|  
| notary
|-
|-
| numero
| omainen || relative
|  
| number
|-
|-
| nuo
| omaisuus || property
|  
| those
|-
|-
| nuohooja
| omistaa || to have, to own
|  
| chimney sweeper
|-
|-
| nuorempi
| omistaja || owner
|  
| (the) younger
|-
|-
| nuori(n)
| on || is
|  
| young(est)
|-
|-
| nuorimies
| opettaja || teacher
|  
| youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
|-
| nuoripiika
| opiskelija || student (at university)
|  
| maid, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| nuoripoika
| oppilas || student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice
|  
| youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
|-
| nuorukainen
| orpo || orphan
|  
| young man
|-
|-
| nykyinen
| ortodoksi || orthodox
|  
| present, current
|-
|-
| nälkä
| o.s. (omaa sukua) || maiden name, née
|  
| hunger
|-
|-
| <br>
| osa || volume, part
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''O'''
| osoitehakemisto || directory
|  
|  
|-
|-
| oikea
| ote || extract
|  
| right (direction)
|-
|-
| oikeus
| ottolapsi || adopted child
|  
| right, court
|-
|-
| oli
| ottovanhemmat || adoptive parents
|  
| was
|-
|-
| olivat
| ovat || are
|  
|}
| were
 
===P===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| olla
| paikka(kunta) || place, locality
|  
| to be
|-
|-
| olosuhteet
| paikkakuntahakemisto || gazetteer
|  
| circumstances
|-
|-
| oluenpanija
| paitatehtailija || shirt maker, shirt manufacturer
|  
| brewer
|-
|-
| oma
| pakolainen || refugee, fugitive
|  
| own (adjective)
|-
|-
| omaa sukua
| palo || fire
|  
| maiden name, née
|-
|-
| omainen
| palvelija || servant
|  
| relative
|-
|-
| omaisuus
| palvelu(s) || service
|  
| property
|-
|-
| omistaa
| papintodistus || official certificate of birth, marriage, or death
|  
| to have, to own
|-
|-
| omistaja
| pappi || clergyman, priest
|  
| owner
|-
|-
| on
| pappila || rectory, parsonage
|  
| is
|-
|-
| opettaja
| pappilan asiakirjat || records of the parsonage
|  
| teacher
|-
|-
| opiskelija
| pastori || pastor
|  
| student (at university)
|-
|-
| oppilas
| pastorinkanslia || office of the parish minister
|  
| student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice
|-
|-
| orpo
| peltiseppä || tinner, tinsmith
|  
| orphan
|-
|-
| ortodoksi
| penkkijärjestys || pew lists
|  
| orthodox
|-
|-
| o.s. (omaa sukua)  
| perhe (suku) || family
|  
| maiden name, née
|-
|-
| osa
| perhehistoria (sukuhistoria) || family history
|  
| volume, part
|-
|-
| osoitehakemisto
| perheluettelo (sukuluettelo) || family register
|  
| directory
|-
|-
| ote
| perikunta || the heirs
|  
| extract
|-
|-
| ottolapsi
| perillinen || heir
|  
| adopted child
|-
|-
| ottovanhemmat
| perinnönjako || distribution of an inheritance
|  
| adoptive parents
|-
|-
| ovat
| perintö || inheritance
|  
| are
|-
|-
| <br>
| perintötila || family (or inherited) estate
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''P'''
| perjantai || Friday
|  
|  
|-
|-
| paikka(kunta)  
| peru(n)kirjat || private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|  
| place, locality
|-
|-
| paikkakuntahakemisto
| perunjakokirjat || private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|  
| gazetteer
|-
|-
| paitatehtailija
| perunkirjoitus || estate inventory, probate
|  
| shirt maker, shirt manufacturer
|-
|-
| pakolainen
| pieni || little, small
|  
| refugee, fugitive
|-
|-
| palo
| piika || maid, unmarried woman
|  
| fire
|-
|-
| palvelija
| pikkulapsi || infant
|  
| servant
|-
|-
| palvelu(s)
| pikkuserkku || second cousin
|  
| service
|-
|-
| papintodistus
| pitäjä(läinen) || parish(ioner)
|  
| official certificate of birth, marriage, or death
|-
|-
| pappi
| pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat || minutes of parochial meetings
|  
| clergyman, priest
|-
|-
| pappila
| pohjoi(s-) (-nen) || north
|  
| rectory, parsonage
|-
|-
| pappilan asiakirjat
| poika || boy, son
|  
| records of the parsonage
|-
|-
| pastori
| poikamies || bachelor
|  
| pastor
|-
|-
| pastorinkanslia
| pois || away
|  
| office of the parish minister
|-
|-
| peltiseppä
| poismennyt || deceased (adjective)
|  
| tinner, tinsmith
|-
|-
| penkkijärjestys
| pojan poika || grandson, son\'s son
|  
| pew lists
|-
|-
| perhe
| pojan tytär || granddaughter, son\'s daughter
|  
| family
|-
|-
| perhehistoria
| polveutua || descend from
|  
| family history
|-
|-
| perheluettelo
| pormestari || mayor
|  
| family register
|-
|-
| perikunta
| porvari || burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen
|  
| the heirs
|-
|-
| perillinen
| posteljooni || mailman
|  
| heir
|-
|-
| perinnönjako
| preussilainen || Prussian
|  
| distribution of an inheritance
|-
|-
| perintö
| prinsessa || princess
|  
| inheritance
|-
|-
| perintötila
| prinssi || prince
|  
| family (or inherited) estate
|-
|-
| perjantai
| protestantti || protestant
|  
| Friday
|-
|-
| peru(n)kirjat
| punainen || red
|  
| private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
|-
| perunjakokirjat
| punatauti || dysentery
|  
| private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
|-
| perunkirjoitus
| puolalainen || Polish (of Poland)
|  
| estate inventory, probate
|-
|-
| pieni
| puolenpäivän aikaan || at noon
|  
| little, small
|-
|-
| piika
| -puoli (ending) || step, half
|  
| maid, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| pikkulapsi
| puoliso || spouse
|  
| infant
|-
|-
| pikkuserkku
| pursimies || boatswain
|  
| second cousin
|-
|-
| pitäjä(läinen)
| puuseppä || carpenter, joiner
|  
| parish(ioner)
|-
|-
| pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat
| puutarhuri || gardener
|  
| minutes of parochial meetings
|-
|-
| pohjoi(s-) (-nen)
| pyhä || holy, sacred, saint
|  
| north
|-
|-
| poika
| pyhäkoululapset || Sunday School children
|  
| boy, son
|-
|-
| poikamies
| päin || toward
|  
| bachelor
|-
|-
| pois
| päivä(nä) || day
|  
| away
|-
|-
| poismennyt
| päivämäärä || date
|  
| deceased (adjective)
|-
|-
| pojan poika
| päivätyöläinen || day laborer
|  
| grandson, son\'s son
|-
|-
| pojan tytär
| pääkirja || communion book
|  
| granddaughter, son\'s daughter
|-
|-
| polveutua
| pääsiäinen || Easter
|  
| descend from
|-
|-
| pormestari
| pöytäkirja || minutes
|  
|}
| mayor
 
===R===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| porvari
| raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus) || city court
|  
| burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen
|-
|-
| posteljooni
| raatihuone || town hall
|  
| mailman
|-
|-
| preussilainen
| raatimies || council man, municipal judge
|  
| Prussian
|-
|-
| prinsessa
| raha(määrä) || money (sum of)
|  
| princess
|-
|-
| prinssi
| rahvas || people, peasantry
|  
| prince
|-
|-
| protestantti
| raja || border
|  
| protestant
|-
|-
| punainen
| rakastajatar || concubine
|  
| red
|-
|-
| punatauti
| rakennusmestari || contractor, builder
|  
| dysentery
|-
|-
| puolalainen
| rakuuna || light cavalryman
|  
| Polish (of Poland)
|-
|-
| puolenpäivän aikaan
| rampa || crippled
|  
| at noon
|-
|-
| -puoli (ending)
| raskaana || pregnant
|  
| step, half
|-
|-
| puoliso
| ratsumestari || cavalry captain
|  
| spouse
|-
|-
| pursimies
| ratsumies || cavalryman
|  
| boatswain
|-
|-
| puuseppä
| ratsutilallinen || holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|  
| carpenter, joiner
|-
|-
| puutarhuri
| ratsuväki || cavalry (men)
|  
| gardener
|-
|-
| pyhä
| rautaseppä || iron smith
|  
| holy, sacred, saint
|-
|-
| pyhäkoululapset
| rautatie || railroad
|  
| list of Sunday School children
|-
|-
| päin
| rehellinen || honest
|  
| toward
|-
|-
| päivä(nä)
| rekisteri || register, index
|  
| day
|-
|-
| päivämäärä
| renki || youth, unmarried man, farmhand
|  
| date
|-
|-
| päivätyöläinen
| rikollinen || criminal
|  
| day laborer
|-
|-
| pääkirja
| rikos(luettelo) || misdemeanor (list)
|  
| communion book
|-
|-
| pääsiäinen
| ripitysluettelo || absolution list
|  
| Easter
|-
|-
| pöytäkirja
| rippikirja || communion book
|  
| minutes
|-
|-
| <br>
| rippilapset || confirmations
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''R'''
| ripuli || diarrhea
|  
|  
|-
|-
| raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus)  
| risti(ä) (-itty) || baptize(d)
|  
| city court
|-
|-
| raatihuone
| ristimäaika || baptism date
|  
| town hall
|-
|-
| raatimies
| ristimänimi || Christian name, first name
|  
| council man, municipal judge
|-
|-
| raha(määrä)
| ritari || knight
|  
| money (sum of)
|-
|-
| rahvas
| rokko || (small) pox
|  
| people, peasantry
|-
|-
| raja
| rokotetut || vaccinations
|  
| border
|-
|-
| rakastajatar
| rouva || Mrs., wife
|  
| concubine
|-
|-
| rakennusmestari
| rovasti(kunta) || dean(ery)
|  
| contractor, builder
|-
|-
| rakuuna
| ruhtinaskunta || principality
|  
| light cavalryman
|-
|-
| rampa
| rulla || record, roll
|  
| crippled
|-
|-
| raskaana
| rumpali || drummer
|  
| pregnant
|-
|-
| ratsumestari
| ruokamyrkytys || food poisoning
|  
| cavalry captain
|-
|-
| ratsumies
| ruotsalainen || Swede, Swedish
|  
| cavalryman
|-
|-
| ratsutilallinen
| Ruotsi || Sweden
|  
| holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
|-
| ratsuväki
| ruotu || district maintaining a foot soldier
|  
| cavalry (men)
|-
|-
| rautaseppä
| ruotusotilas || foot soldier
|  
| iron smith
|-
|-
| rautatie
| ruotuvaivainen || pauper, dependent on the \"ruotu\"
|  
| railroad
|-
|-
| rehellinen
| rusthollari || holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|  
| honest
|-
|-
| rekisteri
| rutto || plague
|  
| register, index
|-
|-
| renki
| ruukki || foundry, mill, industry
|  
| youth, unmarried man, farmhand
|-
|-
| rikollinen
| ruumis || corpse
|  
| criminal
|-
|-
| rikos(luettelo)
| rykmentti || regiment
|  
| misdemeanor (list)
|-
|-
| ripitysluettelo
| rälssi || tax exempt, nobility
|  
| absolution list
|-
|-
| rippikirja
| rälssitila || tax exempt farm
|  
| communion book
|-
|-
| rippilapset
| räätäli || tailor
|  
|}
| confirmations
 
===S===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| ripuli
| s. (syntynyt) || born
|  
| diarrhea
|-
|-
| risti(ä) (-itty)
| saapuneet || arrived, moved in
|  
| baptize(d)
|-
|-
| ristimäaika
| saapuneet asiakirjat || correspondence, letters
|  
| baptism date
|-
|-
| ristimänimi
| saapunut || arrived
|  
| Christian name, first name
|-
|-
| ritari
| saha || sawmill
|  
| knight
|-
|-
| rokko
| sairas || sick (person)
|  
| (small) pox
|-
|-
| rokotetut
| sairaus || sickness
|  
| vaccinations
|-
|-
| rouva
| sakkoluettelot || lists of fines
|  
| Mrs., wife
|-
|-
| rovasti(kunta)
| saksalainen || German
|  
| dean(ery)
|-
|-
| ruhtinaskunta
| sama || same
|  
| principality
|-
|-
| rulla
| sanakirja || dictionary
|  
| record, roll
|-
|-
| rumpali
| sanomalehti || newspaper
|  
| drummer
|-
|-
| ruokamyrkytys
| sanottu || said, stated
|  
| food poisoning
|-
|-
| ruotsalainen
| satulantekijä || saddle maker
|  
| Swede, Swedish
|-
|-
| Ruotsi
| savenvalaja || potter
|  
| Sweden
|-
|-
| ruotu
| se || it
|  
| district maintaining a foot soldier
|-
|-
| ruotusotilas
| seitsemän || seven
|  
| foot soldier
|-
|-
| ruotuvaivainen
| seitsemäntoista || seventeen
|  
| pauper, dependent on the \"ruotu\"
|-
|-
| rusthollari
| seitsemäs || seventh
|  
| holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
|-
| rutto
| seitsemästoista || seventeenth
|  
| plague
|-
|-
| ruukki
| sekä || and, also
|  
| foundry, mill, industry
|-
|-
| ruumis
| sen || its
|  
| corpse
|-
|-
| rykmentti
| seppä || smith
|  
| regiment
|-
|-
| rälssi
| seppä || blacksmith
|  
| tax exempt, nobility
|-
|-
| rälssitila
| serkku || cousin
|  
| tax exempt farm
|-
|-
| räätäli
| setä || uncle (paternal)
|  
| tailor
|-
|-
| <br>
| seura || society (genealogical)
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''S'''
| seuraava || next
|  
|  
|-
|-
| s. (syntynyt)  
| seurakunta || parish (religious)
|
| born
|-
|-
| saapuneet
| seutu || region, vicinity
|  
| arrived, moved in
|-
|-
| saapuneet asiakirjat
| siellä || there
|  
| correspondence, letters
|-
|-
| saapunut
| siirtolainen || emigrant, immigrant
|  
| arrived
|-
|-
| saha
| siirtolaisrekisteri || emigration records
|  
| sawmill
|-
|-
| sairas
| siirtolaisuus || immigration
|  
| sick (person)
|-
|-
| sairaus
| siirtolaisuus || emigration
|  
| sickness
|-
|-
| sakkoluettelot
| sikotauti || mumps
|  
| lists of fines
|-
|-
| saksalainen
| sikäläinen || of that place
|  
| German
|-
|-
| sama
| silta || bridge
|  
| same
|-
|-
| sanakirja
| sinun || your, yours (singular)
|  
| dictionary
|-
|-
| sanomalehti
| sinä || you (singular)
|  
| newspaper
|-
|-
| sanottu
| sisar || sister
|  
| said, stated
|-
|-
| satulantekijä
| sisarenpoika || nephew, sister\'s son
|  
| saddle maker
|-
|-
| savenvalaja
| sisarentytär || niece, sister\'s daughter
|  
| potter
|-
|-
| se
| sisarpuoli || half-sister, stepsister
|  
| it
|-
|-
| seitsemän
| sisarukset || siblings
|  
| seven
|-
|-
| seitsemäntoista
| sisko || sister
|  
| seventeen
|-
|-
| seitsemäs
| sisäinen || inside
|  
| seventh
|-
|-
| seitsemästoista
| sisällysluettelo || register, index
|  
| seventeenth
|-
|-
| sekä
| sisältö || contents
|  
| and, also
|-
|-
| sen
| siviilirekisteri || civil registration
|  
| its
|-
|-
| seppä
| sivu || page
|  
| smith
|-
|-
| seppä
| sokea || blind
|  
| blacksmith
|-
|-
| serkku
| sokeritauti || diabetes
|  
| cousin
|-
|-
| setä
| sorvari || turner
|  
| uncle (paternal)
|-
|-
| seura
| sota || war
|  
| society (genealogical)
|-
|-
| seuraava
| sotamies || soldier
|  
| next
|-
|-
| seurakunta
| sotaväki || troops, army
|  
| parish
|-
|-
| seutu
| sotilas || soldier, military
|  
| region, vicinity
|-
|-
| siellä
| suku || family
|  
| there
|-
|-
| siirtolainen
| sukua(olla) || related
|  
| emigrant, immigrant
|-
|-
| siirtolaisrekisteri
| sukukirjat || lineage books
|  
| emigration records
|-
|-
| siirtolaisuus
| sukulainen || relative
|  
| immigration
|-
|-
| siirtolaisuus
| sukulaisuus || relationship
|  
| emigration
|-
|-
| sikotauti
| sukunimi || surname
|  
| mumps
|-
|-
| sikäläinen
| sukupolvi || generation
|  
| of that place
|-
|-
| silta
| sukupuoli || sex
|  
| bridge
|-
|-
| sinun
| sukupuolitauti || venereal disease
|  
| your, yours (singular)
|-
|-
| sinä
| sukupuu || family tree, pedigree
|  
| you (singular)
|-
|-
| sisar
| sukuselvitys || report of family relationships
|  
| sister
|-
|-
| sisarenpoika
| sukutaulu || genealogical table
|  
| nephew, sister\'s son
|-
|-
| sisarentytär
| sukutiede || genealogy
|  
| niece, sister\'s daughter
|-
|-
| sisarpuoli
| sukututkimus || genealogical research
|  
| half-sister, stepsister
|-
|-
| sisarukset
| sukututkimusseura || genealogical society
|  
| siblings
|-
|-
| sisko
| sulhanen || bridegroom, fiancé
|  
| sister
|-
|-
| sisäinen
| sunnuntai || Sunday
|  
| inside
|-
|-
| sisällysluettelo
| suomalainen || Finnish
|  
| register, index
|-
|-
| sisältö
| Suomi || Finland
|  
| contents
|-
|-
| siviilirekisteri
| suorittaa || perform
|  
| civil registration
|-
|-
| sivu
| suostumus || consent
|  
| page
|-
|-
| sokea
| suuri || big, great
|  
| blind
|-
|-
| sokeritauti
| suutari || shoemaker
|  
| diabetes
|-
|-
| sorvari
| sydänvika || heart trouble
|  
| turner
|-
|-
| sota
| syksy || autumn
|  
| war
|-
|-
| sotamies
| sylilapsi || baby, infant
|  
| soldier
|-
|-
| sotaväki
| synnytys || childbirth
|  
| troops, army
|-
|-
| sotilas
| syntymä || birth
|  
| soldier, military
|-
|-
| suku
| syntymäaika || date of birth
|  
| family
|-
|-
| sukua(olla)
| syntymäpaikka || place of birth
|  
| related
|-
|-
| sukukirjat
| syntymätodistus || birth certificate
|  
| lineage books
|-
|-
| sukulainen
| syntyneet || births, birth records
|  
| relative
|-
|-
| sukulaisuus
| syntynyt || born, maiden surname
|  
| relationship
|-
|-
| sukunimi
| syyskuu || September
|  
| surname
|-
|-
| sukupolvi
| syytinki || allowance, person receiving allowance
|  
| generation
|-
|-
| sukupuoli
| syöpä || cancer
|  
| sex
|-
|-
| sukupuolitauti
| säteri || tax exempt estate
|  
| venereal disease
|-
|-
| sukupuu
| sääty (läinen) || station, class, standing (person of)
|  
|}
| family tree, pedigree
 
===T===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| sukuselvitys
| tahtoa || to want
|  
| report of family relationships
|-
|-
| sukutaulu
| tai || or
|  
| genealogical table
|-
|-
| sukutiede
| taiteilija || artist
|  
| genealogy
|-
|-
| sukututkimus
| takana || behind
|  
| genealogical research
|-
|-
| sukututkimusseura
| talo || house
|  
| genealogical society
|-
|-
| sulhanen
| talollinen || farmer
|  
| bridegroom, fiancé
|-
|-
| sunnuntai
| talonpoika || peasant farmer
|  
| Sunday
|-
|-
| suomalainen
| talous || household
|  
| Finnish
|-
|-
| Suomi
| talousapulainen || housemaid
|  
| Finland
|-
|-
| suorittaa
| talvi || winter
|  
| perform
|-
|-
| suostumus
| tammikuu || January
|  
| consent
|-
|-
| suuri
| tap(paa) (-ettu) || murder(ed)
|  
| big, great
|-
|-
| suutari
| tapaturma || accident
|  
| shoemaker
|-
|-
| sydänvika
| tarkastuspöytäkirjat || visitations
|  
| heart trouble
|-
|-
| syksy
| taulu(kko) || table, chart
|  
| autumn
|-
|-
| sylilapsi
| tauti || disease
|  
| baby, infant
|-
|-
| synnytys
| te || you (plural)
|  
| childbirth
|-
|-
| syntymä
| tehdas || factory
|  
| birth
|-
|-
| syntymäaika
| teidän || your, yours (plural)
|  
| date of birth
|-
|-
| syntymäpaikka
| testamentti || will, testament
|  
| place of birth
|-
|-
| syntymätodistus
| teurastaja || butcher
|  
| birth certificate
|-
|-
| syntyneet
| tie || road
|  
| births, birth records
|-
|-
| syntynyt
| tiedottaja || informant
|  
| born, maiden surname
|-
|-
| syyskuu
| tiilentekijä || brickmaker
|  
| September
|-
|-
| syytinki
| tiistai || Tuesday
|  
| allowance, person receiving allowance
|-
|-
| syöpä
| tila || house, farm
|  
| cancer
|-
|-
| säteri
| tilallinen || farm owner
|  
| tax exempt estate
|-
|-
| sääty (läinen)
| tilikirjat || record of accounts
|  
| station, class, standing (person of)
|-
|-
| <br>
| tilattomat || landless population
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''T'''
| todistaja || witness
|  
|  
|-
|-
| tahtoa
| todistus || certificate, evidence
|  
| to want
|-
|-
| tai
| toimeentulo || livelihood
|  
| or
|-
|-
| taiteilija
| toimi || occupation
|  
| artist
|-
|-
| takana
| toimittaa || perform
|  
| behind
|-
|-
| talo
| toinen || other, second
|  
| house
|-
|-
| talollinen
| toisella nimellä || alias, a.k.a.
|  
| farmer
|-
|-
| talonpoika
| -ton (ending) || without, not
|  
| peasant farmer
|-
|-
| talous
| tontti || parcel
|  
| household
|-
|-
| talousapulainen
| tori || market
|  
| housemaid
|-
|-
| talvi
| torppari || crofter, tenant farmer
|  
| winter
|-
|-
| tammikuu
| torstai || Thursday
|  
| January
|-
|-
| tap(po) (-ettu)
| toukokuu || May
|  
| murder(ed)
|-
|-
| tapaturma
| tsaari || czar
|  
| accident
|-
|-
| tarkastuspöytäkirjat
| tuhkarokko || measles
|  
| visitations
|-
|-
| taulu(kko)
| tulehdus || inflammation
|  
| table, chart
|-
|-
| tauti
| tulipalo || fire
|  
| disease
|-
|-
| te
| tulirokko || scarlet fever
|  
| you (plural)
|-
|-
| tehdas
| tulli || customs
|  
| factory
|-
|-
| teidan
| tullut (+ -sta or -lta) || came (from)
|  
| your, yours (plural)
|-
|-
| testamentti
| tuntematon || unknown
|  
| will, testament
|-
|-
| teurastaja
| tunti || hour
|  
| butcher
|-
|-
| tie
| tuomari || judge
|  
| road
|-
|-
| tiedottaja
| tuomio || judgment
|  
| informant
|-
|-
| tiilentekijä
| tuomioistuin || court
|  
| brickmaker
|-
|-
| tiistai
| tuomiokirkko || cathedral
|  
| Tuesday
|-
|-
| tila
| tuomiokunta || judicial district
|  
| house, farm
|-
|-
| tilallinen
| tupa || cottage, house
|  
| farm owner
|-
|-
| tilikirjat
| turvotus || swelling, edema
|  
| record of accounts
|-
|-
| titattomat
| tynnyrintekijä || cooper, barrel maker
|  
| landless population
|-
|-
| todistaja
| tyttären poika || grandson, daughter\'s son
|  
| witness
|-
|-
| todistus
| tyttären tytär || granddaughter, daughter\'s daughter
|  
| certificate, evidence
|-
|-
| toimeentulo
| tyttö || girl, daughter
|  
| livelihood
|-
|-
| toimi
| tytär || daughter
|  
| occupation
|-
|-
| toimittaa
| työläinen || laborer
|  
| perform
|-
|-
| toinen
| työmies || laborer
|  
| other, second
|-
|-
| toisella nimellä
| työntekijä || laborer
|  
| alias, a.k.a.
|-
|-
| -ton (ending)
| täkäläinen || of this place
|  
| without, not
|-
|-
| tontti
| tällä paikkakunnalla || in this place
|  
| parcel
|-
|-
| tori
| tämä || this
|  
| market
|-
|-
| torppari
| tämä paikka || this place
|  
| crofter, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| torstai
| tänään || today
|  
| Thursday
|-
|-
| toukokuu
| täti || aunt
|  
| May
|-
|-
| tsaari
| täysi-ikäinen || of legal age
|  
| czar
|-
|-
| tuhkarokko
| täällä || here
|  
|}
| measles
 
===U===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| tulehdus
| ukko || old man
|  
| inflammation
|-
|-
| tulipalo
| ulko || outer
|  
| fire
|-
|-
| tulirokko
| ulkoluku || reciting from memory
|  
| scarlet fever
|-
|-
| tulli
| ulkomaalainen || foreign, strange
|  
| customs
|-
|-
| tullut (+ -sta or -lta)
| ummetus || constipation
|  
| came (from)
|-
|-
| tuntematon
| usein || often
|  
| unknown
|-
|-
| tunti
| uskonto || religious affiliation
|  
| hour
|-
|-
| tuomari
| uudisasukas || settler
|  
| judge
|-
|-
| tuomio
| uusi || new
|  
|}
| judgment
 
===V===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| tuomioistuin
| v. (vihitty) || married
|  
| court
|-
|-
| tuomiokirkko
| vaakuna || coat of arms
|  
| cathedral
|-
|-
| tuomiokunta
| vaakunaoppi || heraldry
|  
| judicial district
|-
|-
| tupa
| vaari || grandfather
|  
| cottage, house
|-
|-
| turvotus
| vahtimestari || caretaker
|  
| swelling, edema
|-
|-
| tynnyrintekijä
| vaimo || wife, married women
|  
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| tyttären poika
| vainaja || deceased, (the) late
|  
| grandson, daughter\'s son
|-
|-
| tyttären tytär
| vaivainen || poor, sickly
|  
| granddaughter, daughter\'s daughter
|-
|-
| tyttö
| vaivaisrahat || poor relief accounts
|  
| girl, daughter
|-
|-
| tytär
| vaivaisruodut || poor relief records
|  
| daughter
|-
|-
| työläinen
| vaivaistalo || poorhouse
|  
| laborer
|-
|-
| työmies
| vajaamielinen || mentally defective
|  
| laborer
|-
|-
| työntekijä
| vakituinen || permanent, regular
|  
| laborer
|-
|-
| täkäläinen
| valokuvaaja || photographer
|  
| of this place
|-
|-
| tällä paikkakunnalla
| valtakunta || state, empire
|  
| in this place
|-
|-
| tämä
| valtio || state
|  
| this
|-
|-
| tämä paikka
| Valtionarkisto || state archives
|  
| this place
|-
|-
| tänään
| valuri, valimon työntekijä || foundry worker
|  
| today
|-
|-
| täti
| vanha || old
|  
| aunt
|-
|-
| täysi-ikäinen
| vanhapoika || bachelor
|  
| of legal age
|-
|-
| täällä
| vanhemmat || parents
|  
| here
|-
|-
| <br>
| vanhempi || (the) older
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''U'''
| vanhin || oldest, elder
|  
|  
|-
|-
| ukko
| vanhus || old person
|  
| old man
|-
|-
| ulko
| vanhuus || old age
|  
| outer
|-
|-
| ulkoluku
| vanki || prisoner
|  
| reciting from memory
|-
|-
| ulkomaalainen
| vankila || prison
|  
| foreign, strange
|-
|-
| ummetus
| vapaa || free
|  
| constipation
|-
|-
| usein
| vapaaherra(tar) || baron(ess)
|  
| often
|-
|-
| uskonto
| vapaasääty || nobility
|  
| religious affiliation
|-
|-
| uudisasukas
| varas || thief
|  
| settler
|-
|-
| uusi
| varkaus || theft
|  
| new
|-
|-
| <br>
| varrella || by, at side
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''V'''
| varten || for the purpose of
|  
|  
|-
|-
| v. (vihitty)
| vartija || warden
|  
| married
|-
|-
| vaakuna
| vasen || left (direction)
|  
| coat of arms
|-
|-
| vaakunaoppi
| vaskiseppä || coppersmith
|  
| heraldry
|-
|-
| vaari
| vastaanotettu || received
|  
| grandfather
|-
|-
| vahtimestari
| vastanainut || newlywed
|  
| caretaker
|-
|-
| vaimo
| vastasyntynyt || newborn
|  
| wife, married women
|-
|-
| vainaja
| vasten || against
|  
| deceased, (the) late
|-
|-
| vaivainen
| vatsatauti || stomach disease
|  
| poor, sickly
|-
|-
| vaivaisrahat
| vauva || baby
|  
| poor relief accounts
|-
|-
| vaivaisruodut
| vauva(na) || (as an) infant
|  
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| vaivaistalo
| veli || brother
|  
| poorhouse
|-
|-
| vajaamielinen
| velipuoli || half-brother
|  
| mentally defective
|-
|-
| vakituinen
| veljenpoika || nephew, brother\'s son
|  
| permanent, regular
|-
|-
| valokuvaaja
| veljentytär || niece, brother\'s daughter
|  
| photographer
|-
|-
| valtakunta
| velka || debt
|  
| state, empire
|-
|-
| valtio
| Venäjä || Russia
|  
| state
|-
|-
| Valtionarkisto
| venäläinen || Russian
|  
| state archives
|-
|-
| valuri
| verensyöksy || hemorrhage
|  
| foundry worker
|-
|-
| vanha
| verenvuoto || hemorrhage
|  
| old
|-
|-
| vanhapoika
| veritulppa || blood clot
|  
| bachelor
|-
|-
| vanhemmat
| vero || tax
|  
| parents
|-
|-
| vanhempi
| verotus || taxation
|  
| (the) older
|-
|-
| vanhin
| vesipöhö || dropsy, edema
|  
| oldest, elder
|-
|-
| vanhus
| vesirokko || chicken pox
|  
| old person
|-
|-
| vanhuus
| vielä || still
|  
| old age
|-
|-
| vanki
| vieras(seurakuntalainen) || guest, person not of a given parish
|  
| prisoner
|-
|-
| vankila
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat || registers of members of other parishes
|  
| prison
|-
|-
| vapaa
| vihityt || marriages, marriage records
|  
| free
|-
|-
| vapaaherra(tar)
| vihkiminen || marriage (ceremony)
|  
| baron(ess)
|-
|-
| vapaasääty
| vihkimäsopimus || marriage contract
|  
| nobility
|-
|-
| varas
| vihkimätodistus || marriage certificate
|  
| thief
|-
|-
| varkaus
| vihreä || green
|  
| theft
|-
|-
| varrella
| viides || fifth
|  
| by, at side
|-
|-
| varten
| viidestoista || fifteenth
|  
| for the purpose of
|-
|-
| vartia
| viikko || week
|  
| warden
|-
|-
| vasen
| viime || last, past
|  
| left (direction)
|-
|-
| vaskiseppä
| viisi || five
|  
| coppersmith
|-
|-
| vastaanotettu
| viisitoista || fifteen
|  
| received
|-
|-
| vastanainut
| virasta eronnut || retired
|  
| newlywed
|-
|-
| vastasyntynyt
| virasto || office, department
|  
| newborn
|-
|-
| vasten
| virka || office, position, occupation
|  
| against
|-
|-
| vatsatauti
| virkaa tekevä || officiating, deputy
|  
| stomach disease
|-
|-
| vauva
| virkamies || public official
|  
| baby
|-
|-
| vauva(na)
| virkatodistus || official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death)
|  
| (as an) infant
|-
|-
| veli
| Viro || Estonia
|  
| brother
|-
|-
| velipuoli
| virolainen || Estonian
|  
| half-brother
|-
|-
| veljenpoika
| vouti || bailiff, overseer (historical governor)
|  
| nephew, brother\'s son
|-
|-
| veljentytär
| v.t. (virkaa tekevä) || officiating, deputy
|  
| niece, brother\'s daughter
|-
|-
| velka
| vuoden ikäinen || years of age
|  
| debt
|-
|-
| Venäjä
| vuokralainen || lodger
|  
| Russia
|-
|-
| venäläinen
| vuori || mountain
|  
| Russian
|-
|-
| verensyöksy
| vuorokausi || twenty-four hours
|  
| hemorrhage
|-
|-
| verenvuoto
| vuosi || year
|  
| hemorrhage
|-
|-
| veritulppa
| vuosi(päivä) (-juhla) || anniversary
|  
| blood clot
|-
|-
| vero
| vuosikymmen || decade, decennial
|  
| tax
|-
|-
| verotus
| vuosisata || century
|  
| taxation
|-
|-
| vesipöhö
| vuosittain(en) || yearly
|  
| dropsy, edema
|-
|-
| vesirokko
| vuotias || years old
|  
| chicken pox
|-
|-
| vielä
| väestö(rekisteri) || population (registry)
|  
| still
|-
|-
| vieras(seurakuntalainen)
| väestönlaskenta || census
|  
| guest, person not of a given parish
|-
|-
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat
| väki || people, folk, crew, forces
|  
| registers of members of other parishes
|-
|-
| vihityt
| väliaikainen || temporary
|  
| marriages, marriage records
|-
|-
| vihkiminen
| välillä || between
|  
| marriage (ceremony)
|-
|-
| vihkimäsopimus
| välittömästi || immediately, direct
|  
| marriage contract
|-
|-
| vihkimätodistus
| värjääjä || dyer
|  
| marriage certificate
|-
|-
| vihreä
| vävy || son-in-law
|  
|}
| green
 
===Y===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| viides
| yhdeksän || nine
|  
| fifth
|-
|-
| viidestoista
| yhdeksäntoista || nineteen
|  
| fifteenth
|-
|-
| viikko
| yhdeksäs || ninth
|  
| week
|-
|-
| viime
| yhdeksästoista || nineteenth
|  
| last, past
|-
|-
| viisi
| yhdestoista || eleventh
|  
| five
|-
|-
| viisitoista
| yhteinen || together, belonging to both
|  
| fifteen
|-
|-
| virasta eronnut
| yhteiskunta || community
|  
| retired
|-
|-
| virasto
| yksi || one
|  
| office, department
|-
|-
| virka
| yksitoista || eleven
|  
| office, position, occupation
|-
|-
| virkaa tekevä
| yleinen || general, common
|  
| officiating, deputy
|-
|-
| virkamies
| yli, ylä || over, upper, ended
|  
| public official
|-
|-
| virkatodistus
| ylkä || bridegroom
|  
| official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death)
|-
|-
| Viro
| ylä || upper
|  
| Estonia
|-
|-
| virolainen
| ympärillä || around
|  
| Estonian
|-
|-
| vouti
| yskä || cough (noun)
|  
| bailiff, overseer (historical governor)
|-
|-
| v.t. (virkaa tekevä)
| ystävä || friend
|  
| officiating, deputy
|-
|-
| vuoden ikäinen
| yö || night
|  
|}
| years of age
 
===Ä===
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| vuokralainen
| äidinisä || grandfather (maternal)
|  
| lodger
|-
|-
| vuori
| äidinäiti || grandmother (maternal)
|  
| mountain
|-
|-
| vuorokausi
| äiditön || motherless
|  
| twenty-four hours
|-
|-
| vuosi
| äiti || mother
|  
| year
|-
|-
| vuosi(päiva) (-juhla)
| äitipuoli || stepmother
|  
| anniversary
|-
|-
| vuosikymmen
| äpärä || illegitimate child
|  
|}
| decade, decennial
 
 
== Months ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Finnish !! English
|-
|-
| vuosisata
| Tammikuu || January
|  
| century
|-
|-
| vuosittain(en)
| Helmikuu || February
|  
| yearly
|-
|-
| vuotias
| Maaliskuu || March
|  
| years old
|-
|-
| väestö(rekisteri)
| Huhtikuu || April
|  
| population (registry)
|-
|-
| väestönlaskenta
| Toukokuu || May
|  
| census
|-
|-
| väki
| Kesäkuu || June
|  
| people, folk, crew, forces
|-
|-
| väliaikainen
| Heinäkuu || July
|  
| temporary
|-
|-
| välillä
| Elokuu || August
|  
| between
|-
| välittömästi
|
| immediately, direct
|-
| värjääja
|
| dyer
|-
| vävy
|
| son-in-law
|-
| <br>
|
|
|-
| '''Y'''
|
|
|-
| yhdeksän
|
| nine
|-
| yhdeksäntoista
|
| nineteen
|-
| yhdeksäs
|
| ninth
|-
| yhdeksästoista
|
| nineteenth
|-
| yhdestoista
|
| eleventh
|-
| yhteinen
|
| together, belonging to both
|-
| yhteiskunta
|
| community
|-
| yksi
|
| one
|-
| yksitoista
|
| eleven
|-
| yleinen
|
| general, common
|-
| yli, ylä
|
| over, upper, ended
|-
| ylkä
|
| bridegroom
|-
| ylä
|
| upper
|-
| ympärillä
|
| around
|-
| yskä
|
| cough (noun)
|-
| ystävä
|
| friend
|-
| yö
|
| night
|-
| <br>
|
|
|-
| '''Ä'''
|
|
|-
| äidinisä
|
| grandfather (maternal)
|-
| äidinäiti
|
| grandmother (maternal)
|-
|-
| äiditön
| Syyskuu || September
|  
| motherless
|-
|-
| äiti
| Lokakuu || October
|  
| mother
|-
|-
| äitipuoli
| Marraskuu || November
|  
| stepmother
|-
|-
| äpärä
| Joulukuu || December
|  
| illegitimate child
|-
|
<br> '''Months'''
 
Tammikuu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; January
 
Helmikuu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; February
 
Maaliskuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; March
 
Huhtikuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; April
 
Toukokuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; May
 
Kesäkuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; June
 
Heinäkuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; July
 
Elokuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; August
 
Syyskuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; September
 
Lokakuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; October
 
Marraskuu&nbsp;&nbsp; November
 
Joulukuu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; December  
 
|
|}
|}


=== Additional Resources ===
== Additional Resources ==
 
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the Family History LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary.:


Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja [Great Finnish-English Dictionary]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film 1224706 item 3.)
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in FamilySearch CentersLook this term up in the glossary.  


Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.<br>
Alanne, V. S. {{FSC|226548|item|disp=''Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja'' (Great Finnish-English Dictionary)]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968}}. FS Library film [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSDM-L9YQ-C?i=74&cat=226548 1224706 item 3].  


<br>
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.
=== Online Resources ===
'''Historismi.net'''
*[https://historismi.net/tools1.html Lyhenteitä ja termejä (Abbreviations and terms)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools2.html Ammatit A-K (Professions, A-K)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools3.html Ammatit L-Ö (Professions, L-Ö)]
*[https://historismi.net/tools4.html Kuolinsyyt (Causes of death)]


=== References ===
== References ==


Family History Department. <u>Genealogical Word List: Finnish</u>. by the Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, 1997  
Family History Department. ''Genealogical Word List: Finnish''. by the Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, 1997  


[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
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