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* It has influences from African languages.<br> | * It has influences from African languages.<br> | ||
* It borrowed words from indigenous Caribbean languages particular to the island of Hispaniola.<br> | * It borrowed words from indigenous Caribbean languages particular to the island of Hispaniola.<br> | ||
'''English''' and '''French''' are mandatory foreign languages in both private and public schools.<br> | '''English''' and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language '''French '''] are mandatory foreign languages in both private and public schools.<br> | ||
Some private educational institutes provide teaching in other languages, including '''Italian''', '''Japanese''', and '''Mandarin'''.<br> | Some private educational institutes provide teaching in other languages, including '''Italian''', '''Japanese''', and '''Mandarin'''.<br> | ||
'''Haitian Creole''' is the largest minority language in the Dominican Republic and is spoken by Haitian immigrants and their descendants. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Dominican Republic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic#Languages, accessed 16 May 2023.</ref> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole '''Haitian Creole'''] is the largest minority language in the Dominican Republic and is spoken by Haitian immigrants and their descendants. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Dominican Republic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic#Languages, accessed 16 May 2023.</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language '''Spanish'''] || 98.00 || 97.82 || 98.06 | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language '''Spanish'''] || 98.00 || 97.82 || 98.06 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| French || 1.19 || 0.39 || 1.44 | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language '''French '''] || 1.19 || 0.39 || 1.44 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| English || 0.57 || 0.96 || 0.45 | | English || 0.57 || 0.96 || 0.45 | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
*[[Spanish Genealogical Word List|Spanish Genealogical Word List]] | *[[Spanish Genealogical Word List|Spanish Genealogical Word List]] | ||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/spanish.php Useful Spanish phrases (Omniglot)] | *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/spanish.php Useful Spanish phrases (Omniglot)] | ||
'''French ''' | |||
*[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[France Languages#Key_Words|French Word List]] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases (Omniglot)] | |||
'''Haitian Creole''' | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/haitiancreole.php Useful phrases in Haitian Creole (Omniglot)] | |||
* Accilien, Cécile and Jowel C Laguerre. ''Haitian Creole phrasebook.'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/669517507 WorldCat]. | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 56: | ||
*[https://forvo.com/search/Spanish/ Spanish Pronunciation Dictionary (Forvo)] | *[https://forvo.com/search/Spanish/ Spanish Pronunciation Dictionary (Forvo)] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_grammar Spanish grammar (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_grammar Spanish grammar (Wikipedia)] | ||
'''French ''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language#Phonology French Language Consonants and Vowels (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language#Writing_system French Language Alphabet (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] | |||
'''Haitian Creole''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole#Orthography Haitian Creole Consonants and Vowels (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole#Grammar Haitian Creole Grammar - Pronouns, Articles, Verbs, etc. (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole_vocabulary#Numbers Haitian Creole Numbers (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haitiancreole.htm Haitian Creole Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
| Line 55: | Line 76: | ||
*[https://glosbe.com/en/es English to Spanish Dictionary (Glosbe)] | *[https://glosbe.com/en/es English to Spanish Dictionary (Glosbe)] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-spanish-documents-pages/the-spanish-documents(english) The Spanish Script Tutorial (byu.ed)] | *[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-spanish-documents-pages/the-spanish-documents(english) The Spanish Script Tutorial (byu.ed)] | ||
'''French ''' | |||
*[[France Languages|French Language]] | |||
*[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/fr English to French Dictionary (Glosbe)] | |||
*[https://www.duolingo.com/course/fr/en/Learn-French Learn French (duolingo)] | |||
*[https://www.babbel.com/learn-french Learn French (Babbel)] | |||
'''Haitian Creole''' | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole_vocabulary#Creole_words_of_African_origin Language Origins of Haitian Creole Words (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://www.bing.com/translator/ Translator Haitian Creole to English (Microsoft Bing)] | |||
*Vilsaint, Féquière and Jean-Evens Berret. ''English Haitian Creole dictionary.'' Coconut Creek, FL: Educa Vision, 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/66385921 WorldCat]. | |||
*Theodore, Charmant. ''Haitian Creole dictionary & phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/553788185 WorldCat]. | |||
*Targète, Jean and Raphael G Urciolo. ''Haitian Creole-English dictionary.'' Kensington, Md: Dunwoody Press, Dunwoody Press. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/30037768 WorldCat]. | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* Reynolds, Donna and Laura L. Sullivan. ''Dominican Republic.'' New York, NY: Cavendish Square Publishing, 2023. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1319245390 WorldCat]. | |||
*Valdman, Albert. ''Haitian Creole : structure, variation, status, origin.'' Sheffield, UK: Equinox Publishing Ltd, 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/926656541 WorldCat]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||