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| link3=[[US Migration Trails and Roads|Migration Trails and Roads]] | |||
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| link5=[[Catskill_Turnpike|Catskill Turnpike]] | |||
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The '''Catskill Turnpike''', also known as the '''''Susquehanna Turnpike''''', and sometimes identified with the '''''Forbidden Path'''''<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry]; {{FSC|1049485|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 D27e 2002}}.</ref> started on the Hudson River at Catskill in Greene County, skirted the north side of the Catskill Mountains and worked its way westward through upstate New York to Unadilla (formerly Wattle's Ferry) on the Susquehanna River in 1804. From there New York State extended it to Ithaca in 1806, and Bath about 1808. Later extensions not normally called the Catskill Turnpike took travelers into Erie County, New York, or followed part of the old Indian Forbidden Path and beyond to Erie, Pennsylvania. Each end of the Catskill Turnpike connected to other important migration pathways. The length of the Catskill Turnpike from Catskill to Bath was about 207 miles (333 km).<ref>Route length in miles and kilometers calculated in MapQuest.com at http://www.mapquest.com/.</ref> For the route from Bath to Buffalo add 102 miles (165 km). From Bath to Erie, Pennsylvania is an additional 169 miles (272 km).<br><br> | |||
=== Background History === | === Background History === | ||
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'''''Footpath to turnpike.''''' By 1769 European settlers were following an early pathway from Catskill to Ithaca which eventually became the Catskill Turnpike.<ref>Archer Butler Hulbert, ''Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers'', vol. 2, Historic Highways of America, vol. 12 (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1904), 144. Google books [{{PionRoad}} online copy]; {{WorldCat|9316729|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}.</ref> In 1800 the New York legislature commissioned several turnpikes (toll roads), inspectors, mail, and stagecoach service to improve roads from the Hudson River to the Susquehanna River. Stock companies were formed to raise the money, build, and maintain these higher quality roads. Tolls were to be collected at gates every ten miles to repay the stock companies. As traffic grew, inns were soon established every few miles to provide the beverages, food, and lodging needed for people and animals.<ref name="Gall" /> | '''''Footpath to turnpike.''''' By 1769 European settlers were following an early pathway from Catskill to Ithaca which eventually became the Catskill Turnpike.<ref>Archer Butler Hulbert, ''Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers'', vol. 2, Historic Highways of America, vol. 12 (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1904), 144. Google books [{{PionRoad}} online copy]; {{WorldCat|9316729|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}.</ref> In 1800 the New York legislature commissioned several turnpikes (toll roads), inspectors, mail, and stagecoach service to improve roads from the Hudson River to the Susquehanna River. Stock companies were formed to raise the money, build, and maintain these higher quality roads. Tolls were to be collected at gates every ten miles to repay the stock companies. As traffic grew, inns were soon established every few miles to provide the beverages, food, and lodging needed for people and animals.<ref name="Gall" /> | ||
'''''Overlapping trail names.''''' The original pathway from Springfield, Massachusetts to Unadilla, New York was called the ''Catskill Road''. When the legislature upgraded the Catskill-to-Unadilla section they called it the ''Susquehanna Turnpike''. But when the turnpike was extended west to Bath the whole west-side-of-the-river road was renamed the ''Catskill Turnpike'' (or ''Bath Turnpike''). At the same time the east side of the river was renamed the ''Ancram Turnpike''.<ref>Almyra E. Morgan, ''The Catskill Turnpike: a Wilderness Path'' (Ithaca, NY : DeWitt Historical Society of Tompkins County, 1971), 5. Tompkins County Public Library [http://tcpl.org/local-history/documents/nys-cny/Catskill_Turnpike.pdf digital pdf copy]; {{WorldCat|63600251|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}.</ref> During the same period, the legislature commissioned the upgrade of a different, connected road starting farther to the south at Kingston (on the Hudson River). It went west to Bainbridge (near Unadilla) and was called the ''[[Ulster and Delaware Turnpike]]'' (or ''Jericho'', or ''Esopus Turnpike | '''''Overlapping trail names.''''' The original pathway from Springfield, Massachusetts to Unadilla, New York was called the ''Catskill Road''. When the legislature upgraded the Catskill-to-Unadilla section they called it the ''Susquehanna Turnpike''. But when the turnpike was extended west to Bath the whole west-side-of-the-river road was renamed the ''Catskill Turnpike'' (or ''Bath Turnpike''). At the same time the east side of the river was renamed the ''Ancram Turnpike''.<ref>Almyra E. Morgan, ''The Catskill Turnpike: a Wilderness Path'' (Ithaca, NY : DeWitt Historical Society of Tompkins County, 1971), 5. Tompkins County Public Library [http://tcpl.org/local-history/documents/nys-cny/Catskill_Turnpike.pdf digital pdf copy]; {{WorldCat|63600251|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}.</ref> During the same period, the legislature commissioned the upgrade of a different, connected road starting farther to the south at Kingston (on the Hudson River). It went west to Bainbridge (near Unadilla) and was called the ''[[Ulster and Delaware Turnpike]]'' (or ''Jericho'', or ''Esopus Turnpike '')<ref name="Gall" /> Also, in 1804 twice a week mail service was started from Catskill, New York, partly following the Catskill Turnpike but to Athens, Pennsylvania, the eastern end of the Seneca Indians' ''Forbidden Path''. This probably explains why the Catskill Turnpike is also associated with the Forbidden Path.<ref name="Ancr" /> | ||
<div style="float: left; width: | <div style="float: left; width: 100%"> | ||
'''''Stagecoaches and drovers.''''' Stagecoaches usually took four days and nights to drive from Ithaca to Catskill. This service continued year around even in the snow. Some years the traffic was so heavy two passenger coaches were hitched together followed by a baggage wagon. Before the railroads, cattle drovers also commonly used the turnpike to take their herds a few miles a day to market usually in Dutchess County.<ref name="Gall" /> | '''''Stagecoaches and drovers.''''' Stagecoaches usually took four days and nights to drive from Ithaca to Catskill. This service continued year around even in the snow. Some years the traffic was so heavy two passenger coaches were hitched together followed by a baggage wagon. Before the railroads, cattle drovers also commonly used the turnpike to take their herds a few miles a day to market usually in Dutchess County.<ref name="Gall" /> | ||
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=== Settlers and Records === | === Settlers and Records === | ||
Early settlers in central New York most likely traveled there from [[Connecticut Genealogy|Connecticut]], and [[Massachusetts Genealogy Guide|Massachusetts]]. But people from almost every part of the eastern seaboard and Europe also were common in the area. | Early settlers in central New York most likely traveled there from [[Connecticut, United States Genealogy|Connecticut]], and [[Massachusetts Genealogy Guide|Massachusetts]]. But people from almost every part of the eastern seaboard and Europe also were common in the area. | ||
No complete list of settlers in New York who used the '''Catskill Turnpike''' is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived 1722 to 1850, and therefore who were the most likely candidates to have traveled the Catskill Turnpike. | No complete list of settlers in New York who used the '''Catskill Turnpike''' is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived 1722 to 1850, and therefore who were the most likely candidates to have traveled the Catskill Turnpike. | ||
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'''''Delaware County''''' | '''''Delaware County''''' | ||
*Lena O. B. Tiffany, ''Pioneers of the Beaverkill Valley'' (Laurens, N.Y.: Village Printer, 1979). {{WorldCat|2927088|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{ | *Lena O. B. Tiffany, ''Pioneers of the Beaverkill Valley'' (Laurens, N.Y.: Village Printer, 1979). {{WorldCat|2927088|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|321596|item|disp=FS Library Book 974.7 H2tL}}. | ||
'''''Chenango County''''' | '''''Chenango County''''' | ||
*James Hadden Smith, ''History of Chenango and Madison Counties, New York: with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers'' (Syracuse, N.Y.: D. Mason & Co., 1880). [https:// | *James Hadden Smith, ''History of Chenango and Madison Counties, New York: with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers'' (Syracuse, N.Y.: D. Mason & Co., 1880). [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/554397-history-of-chenango-and-madison-counties-new-york-with-illustrations-and-biographical-sketches-of-some-of-its-prominent-men-and-pioneers?offset=1 Church History Catalog online copy]; {{WorldCat|2660539|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|180747|item|disp=FS Library Book 974.7 H2smh}}. | ||
'''''Tompkins County''''' | '''''Tompkins County''''' | ||
*Carol Kammen, ''The Peopling of Tompkins County: a Social History'' (Interlaken, N.Y.: Heart of The Lakes Publishing, 1985). {{WorldCat|12421247|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{ | *Carol Kammen, ''The Peopling of Tompkins County: a Social History'' (Interlaken, N.Y.: Heart of The Lakes Publishing, 1985). {{WorldCat|12421247|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|421529|item|disp=FS Library Book 974.771 H2k}}. | ||
'''''Steuben County''''' | '''''Steuben County''''' | ||
*Irvin W. Near, ''A History of Steuben County, New York and Its People'' (Microreproduction of original published: Chicago: Lewis Pub. Co., 1911). {{WorldCat|5932636|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{ | *Irvin W. Near, ''A History of Steuben County, New York and Its People'' (Microreproduction of original published: Chicago: Lewis Pub. Co., 1911). {{WorldCat|5932636|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|60159|item|disp=FS Library Film 889425}}. | ||
=== External Links === | === External Links === | ||
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=== Other Wiki Pages === | === Other Wiki Pages === | ||
*[[United States Overland Travel 1784 to 1839, Great Genessee Road, Seneca Road, Catskill Turnpike, Old Kanawha Trail, Nashville Road | *[[United States Overland Travel 1784 to 1839, Great Genessee Road, Seneca Road, Catskill Turnpike, Old Kanawha Trail, Nashville Road - International Institute]] | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{New York|New York}} {{-}} </div> | {{New York|New York}} {{-}} </div> | ||
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:New York | [[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:New York Migration Routes]] [[Category:Albany_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Schenectady_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Herkimer_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Oneida_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Oswego_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Madison_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Onondaga_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Cayuga_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Wayne_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Monroe_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Genesee_County,_New_York]] [[Category:Niagara_County,_New_York]] | ||
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