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| | [[Portal:United States Emigration and Immigration|Portal:United States Emigration and Immigration ]]>[[Colorado|Colorado]] |
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| | Since the 1840s, when the first Mexican land grants were made in southeastern Colorado, there has been a Hispanic population in the state. Settlers from the older Spanish colonies of New Mexico were in the San Luis Valley as early as 1851. |
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| |<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>
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| ==How to Find the Records==
| | Most pre-statehood settlers of Colorado began arriving at the time of the gold rush of 1858. They came from the northeastern and midwestern states, especially New York, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Some came from the New Mexico Territory, and a few settlers came from the southern states, the Pacific Coast, and from other countries including England, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Scotland, and Wales. Latter-day Saint settlements were made in the San Luis Valley in the 1870s and 1880s. |
| Colorado, being entirely inland, has no seaports. Immigrants would have initially arrived at a port on the coast. To search those records, see [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|'''United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records.''']] | |
| === Online Resources ===
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| *'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_colorado-usa_8&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado; ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($)
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| *'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado
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| ====Cultural Groups====
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| *'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado
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| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado
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| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado
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| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Colorado+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Colorado
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| ==== Passport Records Online ====
| | By 1910 residents not born in Colorado came primarily from Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, and Nebraska. About 16 percent of the 1910 population was from overseas, chiefly from Germany, Italy, England, Russia, Sweden, and Austria. Many of those from Russia were actually of German origin. Foreign immigration declined after 1910 except for a major immigration from Mexico in the 1920s and 1930s. |
| *'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch; index & images — [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]
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| *'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($)
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| ====Published Pioneer Sources====
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| *[https://history.denverlibrary.org/sites/history/files/FiftyninersCoArgonauts.pdf COLORADO ARGONAUTS – 59ERS' DIRECTORY:] A directory of prospector arrivals, removals, deaths, marriages, children, property, mines, and ranches with names of old towns, mining camps, gulches, mountains, rivers, creeks, and other matters relating to the setting of their lives in the Pikes Peak Region.
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| *[https://history.denverlibrary.org/sites/history/files/RealPioneersColorado.pdf REAL PIONEERS OF COLORADO:] List of some 1400 names of pioneers who arrived in Colorado prior to February 26, 1861. Names organized alphabetically and include short biographies.
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| *[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/635259-redirection Colorado and its people : a narrative and topical history of the Centennial State, Vol. 3] [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/635260-redirection Vol. 4], e-books
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| ===Offices to Contact===
| | The Plains Indians of Colorado, including the Arapaho, the Cheyenne, the Kiowa, and the Comanche, had largely been removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma by 1870. (See [[Indians of Colorado|Indians of Colorado]]), The Ute Indians living in western Colorado did not give up their lands to white settlement until after 1880, when most of them were moved to reservations in Utah. |
| Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.
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| ====U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program====
| | There is no predominant port of immigration for Colorado's foreign population, although many came through New York and other east coast ports. More detailed information on immigration sources is in the |
| The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''USCIS Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.
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| =====Immigration Records Available=====
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| *[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million '''A-Files:'''] Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
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| *[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/alien-registration-forms-on-microfilm-1940-1944 '''Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s):'''] Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
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| *[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/registry-files-march-2-1929-march-31-1944''' Registry Files:'''] Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
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| *[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944'''Visa Files:'''] Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.<ref>"Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.</ref>
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| =====Requesting a Record=====
| | A helpful published source on immigration and ethnic groups in Colorado is Colin B. Goodykoontz, ''The People of Colorado'', in: |
| *[https://genealogy.uscis.dhs.gov/ '''Web Request Page'''] allows you to request a records, pay fees, and upload supporting documents (proof of death).
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| *[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/genealogical-records-help/record-requests-frequently-asked-questions '''Record Requests Frequently Asked Questions''']
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| ====Germans from Russia====
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| [http://www.grhs.org '''Germans from Russia Heritage Society''']<br>
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| 1008 E Central Ave<br>
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| Bismarck, ND 58501<br>
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| USA<br>
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| Telephone: 701-223-6167<br>
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| The focus is on the Black Sea and Bessarabian Germans with assistance for the Caucasus, Crimea and other regions close to the Black Sea, with some help for other areas as well.
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| ==Finding Town of Origin==
| | Hafen, LeRoy Revised Edition. ''Colorado and Its People: A Narrative and Topical History of the Centennial State''. Volume 2, pp. 77-120. New York, NY: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1948. (Family History Library {{FHL|193904|title-id|disp=book 978.8 H2h; film 1000143}}.) |
| Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the '''name of the town''' where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.
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| *[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']]
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| ==Background==
| | Records of a few ethnic groups, such as Blacks, Germans, and Jews, are listed in the Family History Library Catalog under COLORADO - MINORITIES. Some records of American Indians are listed under the same heading and under COLORADO - NATIVE RACES. Other American Indian records are listed in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under the name of the tribe. <!--{12089984422590} --> |
| *Since the 1840s, when the first Mexican land grants were made in southeastern Colorado, there has been a '''Hispanic population''' in the state. Settlers from the '''older Spanish colonies of New Mexico''' were in the San Luis Valley as early as 1851.
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| *Most pre-statehood settlers of Colorado began arriving at the time of the gold rush of 1858. They came from the northeastern and midwestern states, especially '''New York, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania'''. Some came from the '''New Mexico Territory''', and a few settlers came from the '''southern states, the Pacific Coast''', and from other countries including '''England, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Scotland, and Wales'''.
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| *Latter-day Saint settlements were made in the San Luis Valley in the 1870s and 1880s.
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| *By 1910 residents not born in Colorado came primarily from '''Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, and Nebraska'''.
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| *About 16 percent of the 1910 population was from overseas, chiefly from '''Germany, Italy, England, Russia, Sweden, and Austria'''.
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| *Many of those from Russia were actually of '''German origin'''.
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| *Foreign immigration declined after 1910 except for a major immigration from '''Mexico''' in the 1920s and 1930s.
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| *The '''Plains Indians''' of Colorado, including the '''Arapaho, the Cheyenne, the Kiowa, and the Comanche''', had largely been removed to Indian Territory in '''Oklahoma''' by 1870. (See [[Indians of Colorado|Indians of Colorado]]). The '''Ute Indians''' living in western Colorado did not give up their lands to white settlement until after 1880, when most of them were moved to reservations in Utah.
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| ==Immigration Records==
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| '''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[Colorado Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]] Again, Colorado, being entirely inland, has no seaports. Immigrants would have initially arrived at a port on the coast. To search those records, see [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|'''United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records.''']]
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| ===What can I find in them?===
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| ====[[Colorado Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]====
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| *'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''. The names of wives and children were often not included.
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| *'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin.
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| *'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
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| **name, age, sex,
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| **nationality, occupation, marital status,
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| **last residence, final destination in the U.S.,
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| **whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),
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| **if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,
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| **whether able to read and write,
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| **whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
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| **amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,
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| **whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
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| **whether the passenger was a polygamist,
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| **and immigrant's state of health.
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| *'''1906--''' - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included.
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| ====[[Colorado Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]] ====
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| Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:
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| *Birthplace
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| *Birth date
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| *Naturalization information
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| *Arrival information, if foreign born
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| ==In-country Migration==
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| ===Colorado Migration Routes===
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| {| style="width:30%; vertical-align:top;"
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| *[[Arkansas River]]
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| *[[Colorado River]]
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| *[[Rio Grande]]
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| *[[Chisholm Trail]]
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| *[[Old Spanish Trail]]
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| | style="width:20%; vertical-align:top;" |
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| *[[Santa Fe Trail]]
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| *[[Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway|Santa Fe Railway]]
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| *[[Denver and Rio Grande Railroad]]
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| *[[Union Pacific Railroad]]
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| |}
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| ==For Further Reading==
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| The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog:
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| *{{FSC|United States, Colorado - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1809814017|disp=United States, Colorado - Emigration and immigration}}
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| *{{FSC|United States, Colorado - Minorities|subject|subject-id=1876545006|disp=United States, Colorado - Minorities}}
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| == References == | | == References == |
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| ''[[Colorado, United States Genealogy|Colorado]] Research Outline''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001. | | ''[[Colorado]] Research Outline''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001. |
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| :Note: Information from the original research outline has been imported into the wiki and updated.
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| {{Colorado|Colorado}}
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| [[Category:Colorado, United States|] [[Category:Mexicans]][[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration|1]]
| | :NOTE: All of the information from the original research outline has been imported into this Wiki site and is being updated as time permits. |
| | {{Colorado|Colorado}} |
| | [[Category:Colorado|Emigration]] [[Category:Mexicans]] |