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'''[[Image:Ponca -White-Eagle--Standing-Bear.jpg|thumb|right|Ponca -White-Eagle--Standing-Bear.jpg]]''' <br> | '''[[Image:Ponca -White-Eagle--Standing-Bear.jpg|thumb|right|Ponca -White-Eagle--Standing-Bear.jpg]]''' <br> | ||
===Introduction=== | |||
'''Various Spellings: '''Ponca Tribe''', '''Ponca, Poncar, Poncarar, Ponka, Puncahs | '''Various Spellings: '''Ponca Tribe''', '''Ponca, Poncar, Poncarar, Ponka, Puncahs | ||
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=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
'''Ponca Tribe of Nebraska<br> | '''Ponca Tribe of Nebraska'''<br>2523 Woodbine Street / PO Box 288<br>Niobrara, NE 68760<br>Phone: 402-857-3391<br>[https://www.poncatribe-ne.org/ Website]<br> | ||
'''Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma<br>'''20 White Eagle Drive<br>Ponca City, OK 74601<br>Phone: 580-762-8104<br>[http://www.ponca.com/ Website] | |||
Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,028. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 237</ref> | |||
Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,028. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. | |||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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The Ponca Tribe signed four treaties with the United States government -- the first in 1817, the second in 1825, the third in 1858, the fourth in 1865. Each was an attempt to affirm their peaceful intent and to regulate trade in the area in which they lived. | The Ponca Tribe signed four treaties with the United States government -- the first in 1817, the second in 1825, the third in 1858, the fourth in 1865. Each was an attempt to affirm their peaceful intent and to regulate trade in the area in which they lived. | ||
Treaties between the government and the Sioux/Lakota in 1868 gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced by the U.S. to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas. | Treaties between the government and the Sioux/Lakota in 1868 gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced by the U.S. to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas River. | ||
In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca Nation in what is now Oklahoma. | In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca Nation in what is now Oklahoma. | ||
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==== Annual Census Rolls, 1885-1939 ==== | ==== Annual Census Rolls, 1885-1939 ==== | ||
Census records for the Ponca Tribe in Nebraska are included in the rolls for the Santee Agency, 1888-1927,( | Census records for the Ponca Tribe in Nebraska are included in the rolls for the Santee Agency, 1888-1927,(FS Library Films 580765-580779)the Yankton Agency, 1918-1931, (FS Library films 583130-583138)and the Winnebago Agency, 1934-1939 (583128-583129). | ||
Census records for the Ponca Tribe in Oklahoma are included in the rolls for the Ponca Agency, 1886-1927, ( | Census records for the Ponca Tribe in Oklahoma are included in the rolls for the Ponca Agency, 1886-1927, (FS Library films: 580765-580770)and the Pawnee Agency, 1920-1939, (FS Library Films: 579747-579753). | ||
==== Land and Property ==== | ==== Land and Property ==== | ||
Tribally owned land: 933.71acres. Allotted land: 13,240.06 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. | Tribally owned land: 933.71acres. Allotted land: 13,240.06 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 236 </ref> | ||
=== Treaties === | === Treaties === | ||
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==== Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs from the Ponca Agency, 1859-1880 ==== | ==== Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs from the Ponca Agency, 1859-1880 ==== | ||
Copies of [[Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880|Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs]] from the Ponca Agency for the years 1859-1880 are included in Microcopy 234 of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Rolls 670-677. Copies of those rolls are also available at the [[American Indian Research in the | Copies of [[Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880|Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs]] from the Ponca Agency for the years 1859-1880 are included in Microcopy 234 of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Rolls 670-677. Copies of those rolls are also available at the [[American Indian Research in the FamilySearch Library|FamilySearch Library]] (their microfilm numbers {{FSC|403528|title-id|disp=1661400 - 1661407}}). | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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==== Reports of Field Offices ==== | ==== Reports of Field Offices ==== | ||
Copies of the [[Reports of Inspection of the Field Jurisdictions of the Office of Indian Affairs, 1873-1900|Reports of Inspection]] of the Ponca Agency, 1874-1880 and of the Ponca, Pawnee, and Otoe Agency, 1881-1900, are included in Microcopy M1070 of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Rolls 37-39. A copy of that roll is also available at the [[American Indian Research in the | Copies of the [[Reports of Inspection of the Field Jurisdictions of the Office of Indian Affairs, 1873-1900|Reports of Inspection]] of the Ponca Agency, 1874-1880 and of the Ponca, Pawnee, and Otoe Agency, 1881-1900, are included in Microcopy M1070 of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Rolls 37-39. A copy of that roll is also available at the [[American Indian Research in the FamilySearch Library|FamilySearch Library]] in Salt Lake City (their microfilm number {{FSC|403511|title-id|disp=1617710 thru 1671712}}) | ||
=== Important Websites === | === Important Websites === | ||
*The Official Web Site of the [http://www.ponca.com/home.html Ponca Nation] | *The Official Web Site of the [http://www.ponca.com/home.html Ponca Nation] | ||
*Indian Nations, Indian Territory, Archives -- [http:// | *Indian Nations, Indian Territory, Archives -- [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ok/nations/ponca/index.htm Ponca Tribe] | ||
*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/okponcons.html Constitution and By-Laws of the Ponca Tribe of Indians Oklahoma] | *[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/okponcons.html Constitution and By-Laws of the Ponca Tribe of Indians Oklahoma] | ||
*[http://www.poncatribe-ne.org/pdfs/Ponca%20constitution.pdf Constitution and By-Laws of the Ponca Tribe of Indians Nebraska] | *[http://www.poncatribe-ne.org/pdfs/Ponca%20constitution.pdf Constitution and By-Laws of the Ponca Tribe of Indians Nebraska] | ||
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==== Bibliography ==== | ==== Bibliography ==== | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Oklahoma]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Nebraska]] | ||
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