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| link1=[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] | |||
| link2=[[Germans from Russia Genealogy|Germans from Russia]] | |||
| link3= | |||
| link4= | |||
| link5=[[Germans_from_Russia_Language_and_Languages|Language and Languages]] | |||
}} | |||
{{GFR-sidebar}} | |||
{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" | |||
| [[Image:Historical German linguistical area.PNG|thumb|right|600px|<center>Map of historic German language areas in dark green.</center>]] | |||
=== German === | === German === | ||
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A dictionary that will help you understand Russian is: | A dictionary that will help you understand Russian is: | ||
Smirnitsky, A. I.[https://www.familysearch.org/ | Smirnitsky, A. I.[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog ''Русско-Английский словарь = Russian-English Dictionary'' ](Russko-Angliĭskiĭ slovar). Izd. 7oe. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo “Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia”m 1965. (FS Library book 491.7321 Sm48r; film 1045410 item 2).Place name in search book. | ||
More Russian Cyrillic alphabet examples are found in the "[[Germans from Russia Handwriting|Handwriting]]" page. | More Russian Cyrillic alphabet examples are found in the "[[Germans from Russia Handwriting|Handwriting]]" page. | ||
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==== Transliterating Russian Place Names ==== | ==== Transliterating Russian Place Names ==== | ||
The Library has used two transliteration systems in the '' | The Library has used two transliteration systems in the ''FamilySearch Catalog'' to write Russian words using Roman letters. | ||
Transliteration system used in the ''FamilySearch Catalog'' for Russian Cyrillic place names: | |||
{| width="25%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Cyrillic | |||
! Roman | |||
|- | |- | ||
| А, а<br> | | А, а<br> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Е, е<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Е, е<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | e, ye < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | e, ye <ref>The Cyrillic letter '''e''' is transliterated as '''ye''' initially, after vowels, and after '''ъ''' and '''ь'''; elsewhere as '''e'''.</ref> <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ё, ё<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ё, ё<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ë, yë < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ë, yë <ref>The letter '''ё''' is not considered a separate letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, and the dieresis is often omitted. When printed in Cyrillic as '''ё''', it is transliterated as '''yë''' or '''ye''' initially, after vowels, and after '''ъ''' and '''ь'''; elsewhere as '''ë''' or '''e'''; that is, the use of the dieresis is optional.</ref> <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ж, ж<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ж, ж<br> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Й, й<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Й, й<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | y < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | y <ref name="ny">Both '''й''' and '''ы''' are transliterated as '''y''', but these letters rarely occur initially and the likelihood of confusion is slight; the '''й''' usually occurs only as the second part of dipthongs, while the '''ы''' occurs before other vowels or between consonants.</ref> <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | К, к<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | К, к<br> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ц, ц<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ц, ц<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ts < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ts <ref>This system provides no means of distinguishing between the transliterations of the Cyrillic letter '''ц''' and the '''тс''' letter combination; however, the latter occurs infrequently.</ref> <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ч, ч<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ч, ч<br> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ы, ы<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ы, ы<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | y < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | y <ref name="ny" /> <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ь, ь<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ь, ь<br> | ||
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Я, я<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Я, я<br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ya<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ya<br> | ||
|} | |}<ref> The above table was adapted from page ix of United States. Board on Geographic Names. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog ''Official Standard Names for U.S.S.R.''] Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1970. (FS Library Ref book 947 E5u 1970 v. 1; fiche 6001801-807 [136 fiches]).</ref> | ||
</ | |||
==== Transliterating Russian Authors, Titles, and Imprints ==== | |||
'''Bold''' letters show variations from the place name transliteration system. | |||
Transliteration system used in the ''FamilySearch Catalog'' for Russian Cyrillic authors, titles, and imprints: | |||
{| width="25%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" class="wikitable" | |||
{| width=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Cyrillic | |||
! Roman | |||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | А, а<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | А, а<br> | ||
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" | i<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | i<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''І, і''' < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''І, і''' <ref>Do not confuse with similar part of the letter '''Ы''', '''ы''' (transliterated '''Y''', '''y''').</ref> <br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ī'''<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ī'''<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" | shch<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | shch<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ъ, ъ < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Ъ, ъ <ref>Letter is disregarded in transliteration when found at the end of a word.</ref><br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ’’ (hard sign)<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ’’ (hard sign)<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ia'''<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ia'''<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''Ѧ, ѧ''' < | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''Ѧ, ѧ''' <ref>Church Slavic letter occasionally found in the modern Russian Cyrillic alphabet.</ref> <br> | ||
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ę'''<br> | | bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''ę'''<br> | ||
|} | |}<ref>The above table was adapted from pages 184-185 of [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185997190&referer=brief_results ''ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts'']. 1997 ed. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1997. (FS Library book 411 AL11a 1997).</ref> | ||
=== References === | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{GFR|Germans from Russia}} | {{GFR|Germans from Russia}} | ||
[[Category:Germans_from_Russia]] [[Category: | [[Category:Germans_from_Russia]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | ||
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