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| == Names == | | == Names == |
| {{main| Abbreviations Lists for Personal Names (English)}}
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| Jn<sup>o</sup> or Joh<sup>es</sup> = John<br>Hy = Henry<br>Wm = William =Willus <br>xpher or Xpoferus= Christopher The first two letters are not really X and p but the greek letter X(Ch) and p (r) Xp was a customary abbreviation for Christ. In "Xmas" the second letter has been dropped.<br>Jas = James | | Jn<sup>o</sup> or Joh<sup>es</sup> = John<br>Hy = Henry<br>Wm = William<br>xpher = Christopher<br>Jas = James<br>Geo = George<br>Benj = Benjamin <br><br> |
| <br>Jos = Joseph<br>Geo = George
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| <br>Rici=of Richard<br>Benj = Benjamin <br><br>
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| == Dates == | | == Dates == |
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| {{main|Julian and Gregorian Calendars}}
| | "ber" = sometimes added to a number to indicate a month of the year. For example, in the Gregorian Calendar 10ber is October.<br>i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x = 1 to 10<br>xx, xxx = 20 & 30 |
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| "ber" = sometimes added to a number to indicate a month of the year. In 1752, two changes were made to the English Calendar. The first was from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar. The second, of great significance to genealogists, was that the commencement of the year was changed from the old Julian reckoning of 25 March. Under the Julian reckoning, months were abbreviated thus:
| | i or j = primo; on the first |
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| 7ber=September
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| 8ber=October
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| 9ber=November
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| 10ber=December
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| Under the calendar year with the Gregorian reckoning, the months of January, February and March became the initial months of the year, not the final months. As the new system is readily found in use prior to the formal introduction, great care should be taken when transcribing documents of the pre-1752 period between 1 January and 24 March. The conventional English transcription procedure is to use both Old and New Reckonings; for example, the Old Style of 1 February 1626 would be written as 1 February 1626/7 in the New Style. Modern computer four-digit field entries will encounter difficulty with this convention, and it is necessary to consider conversion of year entry to determine correct year.
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| <br>i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x = 1 to 10<br>xx, xxx = 20 & 30<br>i or j = primo; on the first
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| == Latin == | | == Latin == |
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| viz. = videlicet; namely | | viz. = videlicet; namely<br>libre = book<br>s.p. = sine prole; without offspring<br>q. = quarto; oversize book |
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| cum cont.= with a sermon
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| dom.=dominus (-a); lord or sir (lady or dame)
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| fil.=filius (-a)= son (daughter)
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| fil.pop= filius(-a) populi or filius (a) vulgi; bastard son or daughter of a harlot
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| in com.=in comitatu; in the county (of)<br>libre = book
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| lic.=per licentiam;by licence
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| nupt.=nupti fuerunt; were married
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| ob. = obit; died<br>s.p. = sine prole; without offspring
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| May also refer in parish chest materials to Smoke-penny= one of the dues once payable at Eastertime to the incumbent of a parish by his parishioners, in this case from the occupier of a house with a fireplace.
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| sep.= sepuliebatur or sepultus(-a) erat; was buried
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| par.=parochie; of the parish of...<br>q. = quarto; oversize book
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| vid.=viduus (-a) widower (widow)
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| See also Wiki articles:
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms A to F - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms A to F]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms G to Mgr - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms G to Mgr]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms MI to Rev - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms MI to Rev]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms Rev to Z - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms Rev to Z]]
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| == Terms == | | == Terms == |
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| wf/o = wife of<br>admon or admin = letters of administration<br>col. = colored | | wf/o = wife of<br>admon or admin = letters of administration<br>col. = colored<br>w.d. = will dated<br>twp = township<br>nat. = natus; birth; son; offspring<br>ms. = manuscript<br>X = a mark made by a person instead of a signature; Christ; Christian<br>OED = Oxford English Dictionary |
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| kno. wedding= Knobstick wedding; the wedding of a pregnant single woman to the putative father-to-be, under pressure from the parish vestry. Churchwardens attended to see that the ceremony was performed, the name is derived from their staves of office.<br>w.d. = will dated<br>twp = township<br>nat. = natus; birth; son; offspring<br>ms. = manuscript
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| Terr.Tent.=Terre Tenant the lord of a manor or freeholder in actual occupation of the land, as distinct from his superior lord.<br>X = a mark made by a person instead of a signature; Christ; Christian<br>OED = Oxford English Dictionary
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| See also Wiki articles:
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms A to F - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms A to F]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms G to Mgr - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms G to Mgr]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms MI to Rev - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms MI to Rev]]
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| *[[Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms Rev to Z - International Institute|Genealogical Abbreviations and Latin Terms Rev to Z]]
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| == Websites == | | == Websites == |
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| *[https://www.geni.com/projects/Abbreviations-Acronyms-for-Genealogy-The-Accepted/3096 Abbreviations & Acronyms for Genealogy] | | *[http://www.rootsweb.com/~rigenweb/abbrev.html Genealogy Abbreviations] |
| *[https://homepages.rootsweb.com/~sam/abbr.html Genealogical Abbreviations] at Rootsweb | | *[http://www.oz.net/~markhow/acronym-uk.htm UK Genealogy - Common Acronyms and Jargon] |
| | *[http://www.british-genealogy.com/resources/registers/registers/latinnames.htm Latin Names in Old Documents] |
| | *[http://www.british-genealogy.com/resources/registers/registers/readnumbers.htm#numbers Numbers and Dates] |
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| [[Category:Encyclopedias_and_Dictionaries]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]][[Category:Word List]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Naming Customs]] [[Category:Naming Customs]][[Category:Abbreviations]] | | [[Category:Encyclopedias_and_Dictionaries]] [[Category:Language_and_Languages]] [[Category:Names_Personal]] |