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=== Cylinders === | === Cylinders === | ||
1877-1930 Thomas Edison’s earliest phonograph used tin foil cylinders for dictation recording with no significant consumer market. Wax and fibrous materials coated in shellac or celluloid were used from 1886-1930. Cylinders had a capacity of 2-9 minutes. Wax cylinders should never be held by the wax part. They should only be held by putting two figures though the center cardboard tube of the cylinder. | 1877-1930 Thomas Edison’s earliest phonograph used tin foil cylinders for dictation recording with no significant consumer market. Wax and fibrous materials coated in shellac or celluloid were used from 1886-1930. The first wax cylinders used paraffin wax. Later developments used more durable wax. Cylinders had a capacity of 2-9 minutes. Wax cylinders should never be held by the wax part. They should only be held by putting two figures though the center cardboard tube of the cylinder. | ||
=== Disks/Records === | === Disks/Records === | ||
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1887-present. Invented by Emile Berliner, these were made with wax, hard rubber, and later with shellac, condensate plastic, acetate, or celluloid coated over fibrous cores. With the invention of electric records in 1924, acoustic records and recorders diminished in use. | 1887-present. Invented by Emile Berliner, these were made with wax, hard rubber, and later with shellac, condensate plastic, acetate, or celluloid coated over fibrous cores. With the invention of electric records in 1924, acoustic records and recorders diminished in use. | ||
Records have a storage capacity of 3-30 minutes per side. '''Vintage and home recorded records are easily destroyed with water or by playing them on modern turntables.''' | Records have a storage capacity of 3-30 minutes per side. '''Vintage and home recorded records are easily destroyed with water or by playing them on modern turntables.''' Some family recordings from the 1920's to the early 1950's are on metal 78rpm disks. Many of these disks were recorded in stores at recording booths. '''Warning:''' Never use steel or metal needles when playing metal disks. IT WILL SCRATCH THEM. Use only specialy made wood or bamboo needles.<br> | ||
=== Magnetic wire === | === Magnetic wire === | ||
1889-1952 Magnetic wire was invented by Vlademar Poulsen. Magnetic wire was used most predominantly by Americans in the mid-1900s (1940s on) by consumers and for World War II decoding. Consumer wire recorders were often very small and portable. | 1889-1952 Magnetic wire was invented by Vlademar Poulsen. Magnetic wire was used most predominantly by Americans in the mid-1900s (1940s on) by consumers and for World War II decoding. Consumer wire recorders were often very small and portable. Wire recorders used thin wire(about the thickness of fishing wire) that ran at high-speeds. They recorded mostly higher frequencies. The most common problem from wire recorders is the wire tangleing, | ||
=== Magnetic tape === | === Magnetic tape === | ||
1935 AEG/Telefunken introduced the first reel-to-reel magnetic tape recorder in Germany. In 1937 steel tape recorders were developed by Bell Labs and the Brush Development Company, lengthening the play/record time, but weakening the sound quality. In 1946, German magnetic tape recorders were brought to the United States and copied. In 1948, A.M. Polikoff (AMPEX) sold magnetic tape recorders for U.S. commercial use. | 1935 AEG/Telefunken introduced the first reel-to-reel magnetic tape recorder in Germany. In 1937 steel tape recorders were developed by Bell Labs and the Brush Development Company, lengthening the play/record time, but weakening the sound quality. In 1946, German magnetic tape recorders were brought to the United States and copied. In 1948, A.M. Polikoff (AMPEX) sold magnetic tape recorders for U.S. commercial use. During the 1950s, reel-to-reel tapes became popular for home use. | ||
Between 1960-1964, compact tapes and recorders were developed and sold in the U.S. and Europe, including 4-track, and 8-track formats, and the more popular compact analog cassette tape that is still used today. In 1990 the digital audio recorder was introduced, using magnetic compact cassette tape as the storage medium. | Between 1960-1964, compact tapes and recorders were developed and sold in the U.S. and Europe, including 4-track, and 8-track formats, and the more popular compact analog cassette tape that is still used today, though there use is dwindiling a lot, mainly used for home use. Home tapes us were either 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, or 120 minutes long. 120 minute tapes were not used much, due to the fact to be 120 minutes long, the tape is thiner than usual, making it more prone to snaping. In 1990 the digital audio recorder was introduced, using magnetic compact cassette tape as the storage medium. | ||
=== Vinyl Belts === | === Vinyl Belts === | ||
1950-1980s The Dictabelt machine used these colorful recording devices for consumers and corporations. Recording time was usually 15mins. A blunt needle embossed the sound waves onto the belt. The flexible vinyl belts maintained their playable integrity better than earlier recording mediums if they were not hardened with heat. | 1950-1980s The Dictabelt machine used these colorful recording devices for consumers and corporations. Recording time was usually 15mins. A blunt needle embossed the sound waves onto the belt. The flexible vinyl belts maintained their playable integrity better than earlier recording mediums if they were not hardened with heat. | ||
Another vinyl medium was vinyl disc. Unlike 33 and 45rpm records(which are also made of vinyl) vinyl recordable discs( such as Gray Audograph) were made of soft, flexible vinyl that, like Dictabelts, used a blunt needle to emboss the recording onto the vinyl. Unlike normal 33 and 45rpm records, Gray Audographs were one-sided only, and could not stand very many playbacks. | |||
=== Optical Disks === | === Optical Disks === | ||
1982 The Compact CD was introduced in Japan. In 1996 Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) were developed, increasing storage capacity to 4.7 Gigabytes per side. Recordable CD-Rs became a part of PCs by 1999. From 2000-2001, DVD recorders were released and developed into data and media storage devices for computers. | 1982 The Compact CD was introduced in Japan by Sony. In 1996 Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) were developed, increasing storage capacity to 4.7 Gigabytes per side. Recordable CD-Rs became a part of PCs by 1999. From 2000-2001, DVD recorders were released and developed into data and media storage devices for computers. | ||
=== Solid State Devices === | === Solid State Devices === | ||
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Digital sound applies to everyone. Learning how to properly work with digital sound will help preserve important historical media that would otherwise easily deteriorate and be lost to future generations. | Digital sound applies to everyone. Learning how to properly work with digital sound will help preserve important historical media that would otherwise easily deteriorate and be lost to future generations. | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Record Preservation]] | ||
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