Trinidad and Tobago Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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==Online Sources==  
==Online Sources==  
*'''1813-1834''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1129/ Former British Colonial Dependencies, Slave Registers, 1813-1834] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1813-1834''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1129/ Former British Colonial Dependencies, Slave Registers, 1813-1834] at Ancestry, ($), index and images.
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/?event=_trinidad&departure=_trinidad UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/?event=_trinidad&departure=_trinidad UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960], at Ancestry.com, index and images. ($)
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel%20%26%20migration&keywordsplace=trinidad%20and%20tobago&keywordsplace_proximity=5&sid=999 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel%20%26%20migration&sid=999 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at FindMyPast; index & images ($)
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=trinidad&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for Trinidad
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=new%20zealand&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for New Zealand
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=tobago&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for Tobago
*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries.
*[https://www.shipindex.org/ ShipIndex Vessel Research Database] at shipindex.org - index
*[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]
*[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]
===Cultural Grouops===
*[http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=NOUVELLES-HEBRIDES '''France National Overseas Archives, New Hebrides (renamed Vanuatu)''']
*[https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/38916/123712/1 Church book from The Norwegian Seamen's Mission in San Fernando 1959-1983 - Baptisms] - images, Digitalarkivet.no
*[https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/38916/123722/1 Church book from The Norwegian Seamen's Mission in San Fernando 1959-1983 - Marriages] - images, Digitalarkivet.no
*[https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/38916/123708/1 Church book from The Norwegian Seamen's Mission in San Fernando 1959-1983 - Deaths and burials] - images, Digitalarkivet.no
*[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-births-and-baptisms?country=trinidad%20and%20tobago British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Trinidad and Tobago ], index & images ($)
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-deaths-and-burials British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials] at Findmypast - index & images ($)


==Finding the Town of Origin in Trinidad and Tobago==
==Offices and Archives to Contact==
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Trinidad and Tobago, see [[Trinidad and Tobago Finding Town of Origin|'''Trinidad and Tobago Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies.
 
==Trinidad and Tobago Emigration and Immigration==
==Finding the Town of Origin in COUNTRY==
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in COUNTRY, see [[COUNTRY Finding Town of Origin|'''COUNTRY Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies.
==COUNTRY Emigration and Immigration==
<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br>
<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br>
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.
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==Immigration into Trinidad and Tobago==
==Immigration into COUNTRY==
*The '''island of Trinidad''' was inhabited for centuries by native Amerindian peoples before becoming a colony in the '''Spanish Empire'''.
==Emigration From COUNTRY==
*Spain surrendered the island to the '''British''' in 1797.
==Records of       Emigrants in Their Destination Nations==
*During the same period, the '''island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander (Livonia then, Latvia now) colonists''' more times than any other island in the Caribbean.
*Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.<ref name="main">"Trinidad and Tobago", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref>
*The '''Portuguese''' came to Tobago and Trinidad as early as the 17th century, including groups of '''Jews, Catholics and Protestants'''. For over 140 years, from 1834 up to 1975, the ancestors of the modern Portuguese community in Trinidad and Tobago hailed mostly from the '''archipelago of Madeira''', starting from 1846, with the earliest registers being from '''the Azores''' in 1834.Most Portuguese came directly from Madeira, and also '''via Guyana, St Vincent, Antigua and St Kitts.'''<ref>"Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref>
*In 1777, Spain granted a "Cédula de Población", opening Trinidad for French immigration. It granted free land and tax exemption for 10 years to Roman Catholic foreign settlers who were willing to swear allegiance to the King of Spain. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants.
*During the French Revolution, '''French planters''' with their '''slaves, free coloureds and mulattos from the neighbouring islands of Martinique, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica''' migrated to Trinidad, where they established an agriculture-based economy (sugar and cocoa).
*As a result, Trinidad's population jumped to over 15,000 by the end of 1789, and by 1797 the population of Port of Spain had increased from under 3,000 to 10,422 in just five years, with '''a varied population of mixed race individuals, Spaniards, Africans, French republican soldiers, retired pirates and French nobility.'''
*British rule was formalized in 1802. British rule led to an '''influx of settlers from the United Kingdom and the British colonies of the Eastern Caribbean'''. '''English, Scots, Irish, German and Italian''' families arrived, as well as '''some free blacks known as "Merikins" who had fought for Britain in the War of 1812 and were granted land in southern Trinidad'''.
*Under British rule, new states were created and the '''importation of slaves increased'''.
*In 1838, Trinidad had only 17,439 slaves, with 80% of slave owners having enslaved fewer than 10 people each.
*After the African slaves were emancipated many refused to continue working on the plantations. As a result, a severe agricultural labor shortage emerged. The British filled this gap by instituting a system of indentureship. Various nationalities were contracted under this system, including '''Indians, Chinese, and Portuguese'''.
*Of these, the '''East Indians''' were imported in the largest numbers. Indentureship of the Indians lasted from 1845 to 1917, during which time more than 147,000 Indians came to Trinidad to work on sugarcane plantations. About 90% of the Indian immigrants chose, at the end of their contracted periods of indenture, to make Trinidad their permanent home.<ref name="main"/>
 
==Emigration From Trinidad and Tobago==
*Emigration from Trinidad and Tobago, as with other Caribbean nations, has historically been high; most emigrants go to the '''United States, Canada, and Britain'''. <ref>"Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref>
*'''Knomad statistics:''' Emigrants: 374,500. Top destination countries: '''the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Barbados, Venezuela, the Virgin Islands (U.S.), Australia.'''<ref>"Trinidad and Tobago", in KNOMAD, the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development, https://www.knomad.org/data/migration/emigration?page=24, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref>
 
==Records of Trinidad and Tobago Emigrants in Their Destination Nations==
{|
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|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]]
|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]]
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.]  </span>
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to immigration records for major destination countries below.</span>
|}
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*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]]  
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]]  
*[[England Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Scotland Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Jamaica Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
|
|
*[[Grenada Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]  
*[[Barbados Emigration and Immigration]]  
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Venezuela Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[United States Virgin Islands Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Australia Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]]
|}


 
==For Further Reading==
|}
There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:
*{{FHL||subject_id|disp=


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:21, 25 July 2021

Trinidad and Tobago Wiki Topics
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Beginning Research
Record Types
Trinidad and Tobago Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Online Sources[edit | edit source]

Offices and Archives to Contact[edit | edit source]

Finding the Town of Origin in COUNTRY[edit | edit source]

If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in COUNTRY, see COUNTRY Finding Town of Origin for additional research strategies.

COUNTRY Emigration and Immigration[edit | edit source]

"Emigration" means moving out of a country. "Immigration" means moving into a country.
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.


Immigration into COUNTRY[edit | edit source]

Emigration From COUNTRY[edit | edit source]

Records of Emigrants in Their Destination Nations[edit | edit source]

Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the country of destination, the country they immigrated into. See links to immigration records for major destination countries below.

For Further Reading[edit | edit source]

There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:

  • {{FHL||subject_id|disp=

References[edit | edit source]

This website requires a paid subscription for full access. Some subscription websites are available for free at your local FamilySearch Center or Affiliate Library.

Family History Library (FHL); now called, FamilySearch Library (FSL)

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