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:*and mostly between 1874 and 1880 German-speaking '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptism Anabaptists], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Mennonite Russian Mennonites] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites Hutterites'''], who settled mainly in '''Kansas (Mennonites), the Dakota Territory, and Montana (Hutterites)'''; | :*and mostly between 1874 and 1880 German-speaking '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptism Anabaptists], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Mennonite Russian Mennonites] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites Hutterites'''], who settled mainly in '''Kansas (Mennonites), the Dakota Territory, and Montana (Hutterites)'''; | ||
:*1908–1910, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers '''Old Believers'''] settled in small groups in '''California, Oregon (particularly the Willamette Valley region), Pennsylvania, and New York.'''<ref name="Russia"/> | :*1908–1910, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers '''Old Believers'''] settled in small groups in '''California, Oregon (particularly the Willamette Valley region), Pennsylvania, and New York.'''<ref name="Russia"/> | ||
*'''World War I''' uprooted half a million Russian Jews. After the war, hundreds of thousands of Jews began leaving Europe and Russia again for the U.S., Israel and other countries where they hoped to start a new life. | |||
*A large wave of Russians immigrated in the short time period of 1917–1922, '''in the wake of October Revolution and Russian Civil War'''. This group is known collectively as the '''White émigrés'''. The U.S. was the third largest destination for those immigrants, after France and Serbia. | |||
*During the '''Soviet era''', emigration was prohibited, and limited to very few '''defectors and dissidents''' who immigrated to the United States of America and other Western Bloc countries for political reasons. | |||
* Roughly 20,000 Russian citizens immigrated to the United States immediately following the conclusion of World War II. | |||
*The U.S.S.R. placed an immigration ban on its citizens in 1952. In 1970, the Soviet Union temporarily loosened emigration restrictions for Jewish emigrants, which allowed nearly 250,000 people leave the country. By the 1970s, relations between the U.S.S.R. and the United States began to improve and the U.S.S.R. relaxed its immigration ban. The U.S.S.R. saw hundreds of thousands of its citizens immigrate to the United States during the 70s. | |||
*The Jason-Vanik agreement kept immigration from the U.S.S.R. to the United States open and as a result, from 1980 to 2008 some 1 million peoples immigrated from the former Soviet Union to the United States. | |||
*The majority of the Soviet Jews that emigrated to the United States went to Cleveland.[28] Here, chain migration began to unfold as more Soviet Jews emigrated after the 1970s, concentrating in the eastern suburbs of Cleveland. | |||
==Records of Russian Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | ==Records of Russian Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | ||