Maine Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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[[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] lists several important sources for finding information about immigrants.
[[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an
immigrant ancestor's original hometown.
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==How to Find the Records==
==How to Find the Records==
=== Online Resources ===
=== Online Resources ===
*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_maine-usa_22&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine; ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($)
*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_maine-usa_22&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine; ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($)
*'''1700-1775''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/476920-immigrants-to-new-england-1700-1775?offset=1 Immigrants to New England] at FamilySearch, e-book
*'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications for Maine, 1795-1925] at Ancestry; index & images ($)
*'''1820-1874''' {{FSC|2822169|item|disp=Rhode Island, Maine New York, and Connecticut passenger lists, 1820-1874}}  - FamilySearch, images only.
*'''1893-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/341267?availability=Family%20History%20Library Passenger lists of vessels arriving at Portland, Maine, 1893-1943] - at FamilySearch, images only
*'''1893-1943''' {{FSC|341267|item|disp=Passenger lists of vessels arriving at Portland, Maine, 1893-1943}} - at FamilySearch, images only
*'''1894-1954''' {{RecordSearch|2185932|United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954 - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1894-1954''' {{RecordSearch|2185932|United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954 - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1894-1962''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9033 Maine, Passenger Lists, 1894-1962] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1894-1962''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9033 Maine, Passenger Lists, 1894-1962] at Ancestry; index & images ($)
*'''1895-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1075/ U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($), years vary by location
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maine+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritge; index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maine+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*'''1906-1953''' {{RecordSearch|3477648|Maine, Alien Arrivals, 1906-1953}} at FamilySearch - [[Maine, Alien Arrivals - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1906-1953''' {{RecordSearch|3477648|Maine, Alien Arrivals, 1906-1953}} at FamilySearch - [[Maine, Alien Arrivals - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1907-1930''' {{FSC|341129|item|disp=Book indexes, Portland, Maine, passenger lists, 1907-1930 }} - at FamilySearch, images only.
*'''1907-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/341129?availability=Family%20History%20Library Book indexes, Portland, Maine, passenger lists, 1907-1930 ] - at FamilySearch, images only.
*'''1911-1954''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2072112 United States, New England Passenger and Crew Lists, 1911-1954] at FamilySearch - [[United States, New England Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1911-1954''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2072112 United States, New England Passenger and Crew Lists, 1911-1954] at FamilySearch - [[United States, New England Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1947-1954''' {{RecordSearch|2427242|Maine Crew Lists Arriving at Robbinston 1947-1954}} at FamilySearch — [[Maine, Crew Lists Arriving at Robbinston - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1947-1954''' - {{RecordSearch|2427242|Maine Crew Lists Arriving at Robbinston 1947-1954}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch]— index and images
*'''1949-1958''' {{RecordSearch|2426337|Maine, Crew List Arriving at Eastport, 1949-1958}} at FamilySearch - [[Maine, Crew List Arriving at Eastport - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1949-1958''' {{RecordSearch|2426337|Maine, Crew List Arriving at Eastport, 1949-1958}} at FamilySearch - [[Maine, Crew List Arriving at Eastport - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1gEPDH-Y5EEmL_78yhM2a4zc81C6_yVU&ll=2.0214455198272887%2C156.72834639000985&z=3 World Passenger Lists Map]
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10119/immigrant-ships-transcribers-guild?s=1&formId=istg&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.maine+epmo.similar Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] at MyHeritge; index only ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10119/immigrant-ships-transcribers-guild?s=1&formId=istg&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.maine+epmo.similar Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] at MyHeritage - index only ($)
*[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&datasettitle=new%20england%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - New England Passenger And Crew Lists] at FindMyPast; index & images ($)
*[https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&datasettitle=new%20england%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - New England Passenger And Crew Lists] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
====Cultural Groups====
====Cultural Groups====
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/49091/ British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812], e-book
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maine+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritge; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maine+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritge; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritge; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maine+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maine
==== Passport Records Online  ====
*'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($)
*'''1828-1851''' {{FSC|2079639|item|disp=Maine passports, 1828-1851}}
 
===Offices to Contact===
Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.
====National Archives and Records Administration====
*The [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/overview '''National Archives (NARA)'''] has immigration records for arrivals to the United States from foreign ports between approximately 1820 and 1982. The records are arranged by [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#where '''Port of Arrival (See Part 5).''']
:*You may do research in immigration records in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001. 
*Some [https://www.archives.gov/locations '''National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) regional facilities'''] have selected immigration records; call to verify their availability or check the online Microfilm Catalog.
*Libraries with large genealogical collections, such as the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog '''FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah'''] and the [https://acpl-cms.wise.oclc.org/genealogy '''Allen County Piblic Library'''] also have selected NARA microfilm publications.
:*Order copies of passenger arrival records with [https://www.archives.gov/files/forms/pdf/natf-81.pdf '''NATF Form 81'''.]
 
====U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program====
The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''USCIS Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.
=====Immigration Records Available=====
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million '''A-Files:'''] Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/alien-registration-forms-on-microfilm-1940-1944 '''Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s):'''] Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/registry-files-march-2-1929-march-31-1944''' Registry Files:'''] Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944'''Visa Files:'''] Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.<ref>"Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.</ref>
 
=====Requesting a Record=====
*[https://genealogy.uscis.dhs.gov/ '''Web Request Page'''] allows you to request a records, pay fees, and upload supporting documents (proof of death).
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/genealogical-records-help/record-requests-frequently-asked-questions '''Record Requests Frequently Asked Questions''']
 
==Finding Town of Origin==
Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the '''name of the town''' where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.
*[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']]
=== Background  ===
*Pre-statehood settlers of Maine were generally of '''English and Ulster Scots''' descent. They came from [[Massachusetts, United States Genealogy|'''Massachusetts''']] and [[New Hampshire, United States Genealogy|'''New Hampshire''']] or directly from [[England Genealogy|'''England''']]. *There were also a few hundred persons of '''Irish''' origin and '''free blacks''' in Maine.
*A large group of '''Germans''' came to the Waldo County area in the late 1700s.
*Two groups of French descent compose 15 percent of the present population. The '''Acadians from Nova Scotia''' settled the Saint John Valley after 1763. A later French Canadian immigration from Quebec began after the Civil War.
*During the 19th century, jobs in textile and lumber mills also attracted '''European immigrants of many nationalities, especially the Irish'''.
*In the 1870s. the state recruited '''Swedish settlers''' to farms in Aroostook County.
==Immigration Records==
'''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another.  Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[Maine Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]]
===What can I find in them?===
====[[Maine Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]====
*'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''.  The names of wives and children were often not included. 
 
*'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin.


*'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
== People  ==
**name, age, sex,
**nationality, occupation, marital status,
**last residence, final destination in the U.S.,
**whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),
**if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,
**whether able to read and write,
**whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
**amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,
**whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
**whether the passenger was a polygamist,
**and immigrant's state of health.


*'''1906--'''  - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included.
Pre-statehood settlers of Maine were generally of English and Ulster Scots descent. They came from [[Massachusetts, United States Genealogy|Massachusetts]] and [[New Hampshire, United States Genealogy|New Hampshire]] or directly from [[England Genealogy|England]]. There were also a few hundred persons of Irish origin and free blacks in Maine. A large group of Germans came to the Waldo County area in the late 1700s.  


====[[Maine Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]]  ====
Two groups of French descent compose 15 percent of the present population. The Acadians from Nova Scotia settled the Saint John Valley after 1763. A later French Canadian immigration from Quebec began after the Civil War.  
Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:
 
*Birthplace 
*Birth date
*Naturalization information
*Arrival information, if foreign born
 
==In-country Migration==
*[https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/537/nehgs-nexus-new-england-across-the-united-states NEHGS NEXUS: New England Across the United States] at American Ancestors - index & images ($)
=== Maine Migration Routes  ===
 
{| style="width:40%; vertical-align:top;"
|-
|
<ul class="column-spacing-halfscreen" style="padding-right:5px;">
    <li>[[Atlantic Coast Ports]]</li>
    <li>[[Kennebec River]]</li>
    <li>[[Penobscot River]]</li>
    <li>[[Saco River]]</li>
    <li>[[Saint John River (Maine)]]</li>
    <li>[[Down East]]</li>
    <li>[[Kennebunk Road]]</li>
    <li>[[King's Highway]]</li>
</ul>
|}


==For Further Reading==
During the 19th century, jobs in textile and lumber mills also attracted European immigrants of many nationalities, especially the Irish. In the 1870s the state recruited Swedish settlers to farms in Aroostook County.
The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog:
*{{FSC|United States, Maine - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=4041668|disp=United States, Maine - Emigration and immigration}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maine - Minorities|subject|subject-id=323891791|disp=United States, Maine - Minorities}}


== References  ==
== References  ==

Revision as of 19:19, 6 April 2021

Maine Wiki Topics
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Beginning Research
Record Types
Maine Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

United States Emigration and Immigration lists several important sources for finding information about immigrants. Tracing Immigrant Origins introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's original hometown.

How to Find the Records[edit | edit source]

Online Resources[edit | edit source]

Cultural Groups[edit | edit source]

People[edit | edit source]

Pre-statehood settlers of Maine were generally of English and Ulster Scots descent. They came from Massachusetts and New Hampshire or directly from England. There were also a few hundred persons of Irish origin and free blacks in Maine. A large group of Germans came to the Waldo County area in the late 1700s.

Two groups of French descent compose 15 percent of the present population. The Acadians from Nova Scotia settled the Saint John Valley after 1763. A later French Canadian immigration from Quebec began after the Civil War.

During the 19th century, jobs in textile and lumber mills also attracted European immigrants of many nationalities, especially the Irish. In the 1870s the state recruited Swedish settlers to farms in Aroostook County.

References[edit | edit source]

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