Tonga Languages: Difference between revisions
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| link1=[[Tonga Genealogy|Tonga]] | | link1=[[Tonga Genealogy|Tonga]] | ||
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| link5=[[Tonga Languages|Languages]] | | link5=[[Tonga Languages|Languages]] | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The Tongan language is the official language, along with English. Tongan, a Polynesian language, is closely related to Wallisian (Uvean), Niuean, Hawaiian, and Samoan. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Tonga," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga#Languages, accessed 2 Apr 2021.</ref> | The Tongan language is the official language, along with English. Tongan, a Polynesian language, is closely related to Wallisian (Uvean), Niuean, Hawaiian, and Samoan. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Tonga," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga#Languages, accessed 2 Apr 2021.</ref> | ||
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==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
Tongan is written in a subset of the Latin script. In the old, "missionary" alphabet, the order of the letters was modified: the vowels were put first and then followed by the consonants: a, e, i, o, u, etc. That was still so as of the Privy Council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the Tongan language. However, C. M. Churchward's grammar and dictionary favoured the standard European alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively: | Tongan is written in a subset of the Latin script. In the old, "missionary" alphabet, the order of the letters was modified: the vowels were put first and then followed by the consonants: a, e, i, o, u, etc. That was still so as of the Privy Council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the Tongan language. However, C. M. Churchward's grammar and dictionary favoured the standard European alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Tongan alphabet | |+ Tongan alphabet | ||
!Letter | ! Letter | ||
|'''a''' | | '''a''' | ||
|'''e''' | | '''e''' | ||
|'''f''' | | '''f''' | ||
|'''h''' | | '''h''' | ||
|'''i''' | | '''i''' | ||
|'''k''' | | '''k''' | ||
|'''l''' | | '''l''' | ||
|'''m''' | | '''m''' | ||
|'''n''' | | '''n''' | ||
|'''ng''' | | '''ng''' | ||
|'''o''' | | '''o''' | ||
|'''p''' | | '''p''' | ||
|'''s''' | | '''s''' | ||
|'''t''' | | '''t''' | ||
|'''u''' | | '''u''' | ||
|'''v''' | | '''v''' | ||
|'''{{okina}}''' (''fakau{{okina}}a'') | | '''{{okina}}''' (''fakau{{okina}}a'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Pronunciation | ! Pronunciation | ||
|/a/ | | /a/ | ||
|/e/ | | /e/ | ||
|/f/ | | /f/ | ||
|/h/ | | /h/ | ||
|/i/ | | /i/ | ||
|/k/ | | /k/ | ||
|/l/ | | /l/ | ||
|/m/ | | /m/ | ||
|/n/ | | /n/ | ||
|/ŋ/<sup>1</sup> | | /ŋ/<sup>1</sup> | ||
|/o/ | | /o/ | ||
|/p/<sup>2</sup> | | /p/<sup>2</sup> | ||
|/s/<sup>3</sup> | | /s/<sup>3</sup> | ||
|/t/ | | /t/ | ||
|/u/ | | /u/ | ||
|/v/ | | /v/ | ||
|/ʔ/<sup>4</sup> | | /ʔ/<sup>4</sup> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
# written as ''g'' but still pronounced as [ŋ] (as in Samoan) before 1943 | |||
#written as ''g'' but still pronounced as [ŋ] (as in Samoan) before 1943 | # unaspirated; written as ''b'' before 1943 | ||
#unaspirated; written as ''b'' before 1943 | # sometimes written as ''j'' before 1943 | ||
#sometimes written as ''j'' before 1943 | # the glottal stop. It should be written with the modifier letter turned comma and not with the single quote open or with a mixture of quotes open and quotes close. | ||
#the glottal stop. It should be written with the modifier letter turned comma and not with the single quote open or with a mixture of quotes open and quotes close. | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongan_language#Possessive_pronouns Possessive pronouns - Wikipedia] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongan_language#Possessive_pronouns Possessive pronouns - Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongan_language#Other_pronouns Other pronouns - Wikipedia] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongan_language#Other_pronouns Other pronouns - Wikipedia] | ||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Tonga]] | [[Category:Tonga]] | ||
Revision as of 13:08, 2 April 2021
| Tonga Wiki Topics | |
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Description[edit | edit source]
The Tongan language is the official language, along with English. Tongan, a Polynesian language, is closely related to Wallisian (Uvean), Niuean, Hawaiian, and Samoan. [1]
Tongan is an Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch spoken in Tonga. It has around 187,000 speakers and is a national language of Tonga. It is a VSO (verb–subject–object) language. [2]
Word List(s)[edit | edit source]
Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]
Tongan is written in a subset of the Latin script. In the old, "missionary" alphabet, the order of the letters was modified: the vowels were put first and then followed by the consonants: a, e, i, o, u, etc. That was still so as of the Privy Council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the Tongan language. However, C. M. Churchward's grammar and dictionary favoured the standard European alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively:
| Letter | a | e | f | h | i | k | l | m | n | ng | o | p | s | t | u | v | ʻ (fakauʻa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /a/ | /e/ | /f/ | /h/ | /i/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/1 | /o/ | /p/2 | /s/3 | /t/ | /u/ | /v/ | /ʔ/4 |
Notes:
- written as g but still pronounced as [ŋ] (as in Samoan) before 1943
- unaspirated; written as b before 1943
- sometimes written as j before 1943
- the glottal stop. It should be written with the modifier letter turned comma and not with the single quote open or with a mixture of quotes open and quotes close.
Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]
Language Aids
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Tonga," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga#Languages, accessed 2 Apr 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Tongan language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongan_language, accessed 2 Apr 2021.