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| Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States. | | Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States. |
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| ===== Colonial Ships =====
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| Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Maryland ports between 1689 and 1754. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony:
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| *Shippings Lists for Maryland, 1689-1754 {{FHL|209582|item|disp=FHL film 964007}}.
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| ''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Online] - free.
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| Ships mentioned in the ''Maryland Gazette'' between 1727 and 1761 have been identified in:
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| :*Green, Karen Mauer. ''The Maryland Gazette, 1727-1761: Genealogical and Historical Abstracts.'' (Galveston, Texas: Frontier, 1989.) {{FHL|540298|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2g}}.
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| [[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Maryland ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to:
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| :*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004.) {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}.
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| Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Maryland (1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to:
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| :*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL book 970 W2w}}.
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| Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books, headright grants, and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]].
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| Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Maryland are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{FHL|504033|item|disp=FHL British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website].
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| If you believe your ancestor's ship was '''shipwrecked''', Shomette compiled a "Chronological Index to Documented Vessel Losses in the Chesapeake Tidewater (1608-1978)" as an appendix to ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake'' ({{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}) that can lead you to further information.<ref>Donald G. Shomette, ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake: Maritime Disasters on Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries, 1608-1978'' (Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1982), 242-287. {{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}.</ref>
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| ===== Colonial Ports ===== | | ===== Colonial Ports ===== |