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| {{CountrySidebar | | {{Chad-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb |
| |Country=Chad
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| |Name=Chad
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| |Type=Topic
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| |Topic Type=Background
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| |Background=Languages
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| |Rating=Standardized
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| }}{{breadcrumb | |
| | link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] | | | link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] |
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| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
| Chad has two official languages, '''French''' and '''Modern Standard Arabic''', and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, '''Chadian Arabic''', is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40-60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers.
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| French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Chad, accessed 6 April 2021.</ref> Education in Chad is challenging due to the nation's dispersed population and a certain degree of reluctance on the part of parents to send their children to school. Although attendance is compulsory, only 68% of boys continue their education past primary school, and over half of the population is illiterate. Higher education is provided at the University of N'Djamena. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Education in Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Chad, accessed 7 April 2021.</ref>
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| ==Word List(s)== | | ==Word List(s)== |
| '''French'''
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| *[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]]
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| *[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases at Omniglot]
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| '''Modern Standard Arabic'''
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| *[[Arabic Genealogical Word List|Arabic Genealogical Word List]]
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| *[http://www.modernstandardarabic.com/arabic-vocabulary/ Arabic Vocabulary at ModernStandardArabic]
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| '''Chadian Arabic'''
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| *[https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic_phrasebook Chadian Arabic phrasebook at WikiVoyage]
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| ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== |
| '''French'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot]
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| '''Modern Standard Arabic'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic Phonology at Wikipedia]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot]
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| *[https://thearabiclearner.com/the-arabic-alphabet/ Arabic Alphabet at TheArabicLearner]
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| *[https://www.optilingo.com/blog/arabic/the-arabic-alphabet/ The Arabic Alphabet at Optilingo]
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| ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== |
| '''French'''
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| *[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]]
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| *[[French Letter Writing Guide|French Letter Writing Guide]]
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| *[[France Languages|French Languages]]
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| *[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary at Cambridge]
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary at Lexilogos]
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| '''Modern Standard Arabic'''
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| *[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/arabic-modern-standard/ Arabic Modern Standard at MustGo]
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| *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar Dictionary English - Arabic at Glosbe]
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| '''Chadian Arabic'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at Wikipedia]
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| *[https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at WikiVisually]
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| *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/shu Dictionary English - Chadian Arabic at Glosbe]
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| ==Additional Resources== | | ==Additional Resources== |
| * Simon & Schuster Audio (Firm), and Pimsleur (Firm). ''Conversational modern standard Arabic.'' New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1105225619 WorldCat].
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| * Abboud, Peter F, and Ernest N McCarus. ''Elementary modern standard Arabic.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1114760079 WorldCat].
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| * Absi, Samir Abu, and Andre Sinaud. ''Basic Chad Arabic.'' Bloomington: Intensive Language Training Center, Indiana University, 1968. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4710235 WorldCat].
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| == References == | | == References == |
| {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
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| [[Category:Chad]] | | [[Category:Chad]] |
