Vanuatu Languages: Difference between revisions
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==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Literatureandsamples Literature and samples in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Literatureandsamples Literature and samples in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://wikitravel.org/en/Bislama_phrasebook Bislama Phrasebook] | * [https://wikitravel.org/en/Bislama_phrasebook Bislama Phrasebook] | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/bislama.htm Useful phrases in Bislama] | * [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/bislama.htm Useful phrases in Bislama] | ||
* [https://moet.gov.vu/docs/textbooks/Bislama%20Spelling%20Dictionary_2007.pdf Bislama Spelling Dictionary] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
'''The Bislama Latin alphabet''' uses the letters A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y and the digraphs AE, AO and NG. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Orthography," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Orthography, accessed 11 March 2021.</ref> | '''The Bislama Latin alphabet''' uses the letters A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y and the digraphs AE, AO and NG. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Orthography," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Orthography, accessed 11 March 2021.</ref> | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/bislama.php Bislama alphabet and pronunciation] | * [https://omniglot.com/writing/bislama.php Bislama alphabet and pronunciation] | ||
'''Bislama - Grammar''' | '''Bislama - Grammar''' | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Grammar Two frequent prepositions in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Grammar Two frequent prepositions in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Verbs Verbs in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Verbs Verbs in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Nouns Nouns in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Nouns Nouns in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Pronouns Pronouns in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Pronouns Pronouns in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Tense/aspect/mood_markers Tense in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Tense/aspect/mood_markers Tense in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Pacific_creole_comparison Pacific creole comparison in Bislama] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Pacific_creole_comparison Pacific creole comparison in Bislama - Wikipedia] | ||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
* [https://en.glosbe.com/en/bi Dictionary English - Bislama] | * [https://en.glosbe.com/en/bi Dictionary English - Bislama] | ||
* [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/bislama_dictionary.htm Bislama Dictionary] | * [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/bislama_dictionary.htm Bislama Dictionary] | ||
* [https://www.bislama.org/bislama-dictionary Bislama Spelling Dictionary] | * [https://www.bislama.org/bislama-dictionary Bislama Spelling Dictionary] | ||
* [https://moet.gov.vu/docs/textbooks/Bislama%20Spelling%20Dictionary_2007.pdf Bislama Spelling Dictionary] | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/paamese-language-of-vanuatu/oclc/781582733&referer=brief_results The Paamese language of Vanuatu] | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/avava-language-of-central-malakula-vanuatu/oclc/636997112&referer=brief_results The Avava language of central Malakula (Vanuatu)] | |||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/grammar-of-mavea-an-oceanic-language-of-vanuatu/oclc/729364647&referer=brief_results A grammar of Mavea : an oceanic language of Vanuatu] | |||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/tape-a-declining-language-of-malakula-vanuatu/oclc/690381111&referer=brief_results Tape : a declining language of Malakula (Vanuatu)] | |||
* | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/grammar-of-vures-vanuatu/oclc/966449595&referer=brief_results A grammar of Vurës, Vanuatu] | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/grammar-of-unua/oclc/909907810&referer=brief_results A grammar of Unua] | |||
* | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/grammar-of-south-efate-an-oceanic-language-of-vanuatu/oclc/68416680&referer=brief_results A grammar of South Efate : an oceanic language of Vanuatu] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Vanuatu]] | [[Category:Vanuatu]] | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 19 March 2021
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Description[edit | edit source]
The national language of the Republic of Vanuatu is Bislama. The official languages are Bislama, English, and French. The principal languages of education are English and French. The use of English or French as the formal language is split along political lines.
Bislama is a creole spoken natively in urban areas. Combining a typical Melanesian grammar and phonology with an almost entirely English-derived vocabulary, Bislama is the lingua franca of the archipelago, used by the majority of the population as a second language.
In addition, 113 indigenous languages, all of which are Southern Oceanic languages except for three outlier Polynesian languages, are spoken in Vanuatu. The density of languages, per capita, is the highest of any nation in the world, with an average of only 2,000 speakers per language. All vernacular languages of Vanuatu (i.e., excluding Bislama) belong to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family.
In recent years, the use of Bislama as a first language has considerably encroached on indigenous languages, whose use in the population has receded from 73.1 to 63.2 percent between 1999 and 2009. [1]
Bislama - More than 95% of Bislama words are of English origin, whilst the remainder comprises a few dozen words from French, as well as some specific vocabulary inherited from various languages of Vanuatu; though these are essentially limited to flora and fauna terminology. While the influence of these vernacular languages is low on the vocabulary side, it is very high in the morphosyntax. As such, Bislama can be described simply as a language with an English vocabulary and an Oceanic grammar and phonology. [2]
Word List(s)[edit | edit source]
- Literature and samples in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Bislama Phrasebook
- Useful phrases in Bislama
- Bislama Spelling Dictionary
Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]
The Bislama Latin alphabet uses the letters A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y and the digraphs AE, AO and NG. [3]
Bislama - Grammar
- Two frequent prepositions in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Verbs in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Nouns in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Pronouns in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Tense in Bislama - Wikipedia
- Pacific creole comparison in Bislama - Wikipedia
Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]
- Dictionary English - Bislama
- Bislama Dictionary
- Bislama Spelling Dictionary
- Bislama Spelling Dictionary
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
- The Paamese language of Vanuatu
- The Avava language of central Malakula (Vanuatu)
- A grammar of Mavea : an oceanic language of Vanuatu
- Tape : a declining language of Malakula (Vanuatu)
- A grammar of Vurës, Vanuatu
- A grammar of Unua
- A grammar of South Efate : an oceanic language of Vanuatu
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Vanuatu," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu#Languages, accessed 11 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Bislama," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama, accessed 11 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Orthography," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama#Orthography, accessed 11 March 2021.