Saskatchewan Cultural Groups

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Saskatchewan

Cultural Groups

Danish

• "Danish Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Doukhobors

• Doukhobor Genealogy Website
• "Doukhobor Settlement", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Finnish

• "Finnish Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Germans

• Germans from Russia Online Collections
• "German Genealogy and Family History", Library and Archives Canada
• "German Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Between 1874 and 1911, 152,000 German speaking settlers arrived in Western Canada. By the start of World War I, more than 100 German settlements had been established, the largest being Rosthern, Wetaskewin, St. Peter's and St. Joseph's. German immigration to Canada resumed at the end of the war. Between 1915 and 1935, more than 97,000 German-speaking people arrived in Canada from Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland and Czechoslovakia. It was not until 1950 that Canadian restrictions on German immigration were lifted. During this period, Canada took a more aggressive approach to recruiting tradespeople from abroad. These changes resulted in more than 400,000 people migrating to Canada from Austria, Germany and Switzerland between 1950 and 1970.

The Germans from Russia are a prominent settlement group in the rural landscape of Saskatchewan. Perhaps because they came incrementally, by chain migration, rather than by organized group colonization, they compose an ethnic group little noticed by historians. Also, their immediate origins are divided, inasmuch as earlier German-Russian immigrants came directly from Russia, whereas many twentieth-century German-Russian immigrants came to Canada from the United States, mainly from North Dakota and South Dakota.
"Germans from Russia in Saskatchewan: An Oral History", Jessica Clark. Thomas D. Isern. American Review of Canadian Studies, Volume 40, 2010 - Issue 1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02722010903536946?journalCode=rarc20, accessed 13 December 2020.</ref>

Hutterites

• "Hutterite Colonies", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Icelanders

• Icelandic Saskatchewan Genealogy Roots
• "Icelandic Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Irish

• "Irish Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Jewish Communities

• "Jewish Community, Saskatoon", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
• "Jewish Rural Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Mennonites

• Mennonites and Amish in Canada Church Records
• Mennonite Historical Society of Saskatchewan
• "Mennonite Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Métis

Counselors of the Provisional Métis Government of 1870.

• "Métis Communities", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
• Métis Nation Government of Canada
• Métis Wikipedia
  
• Métis Genealogy Library and Archives Canada
• Metis Population from 2001 and Metis Population from 2006 Census Maps
• Genealogy of the First Metis Nation: the development and dispersal of the Red River Settlement, 1820-1900. WorldCatby D.N. Sprague and R.P.Frye: Winnipeg: Pemmican Publication, c. 1983. FHL Book 971.27 D2s

Archive, Libraries, and Museum

Glenbow Archive, Library, and Museum

Contact: Glenbow Archives
130 - 9 Avenue
SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3
Reference Desk telephone: 403-268-4204
Email: archives@glenbow.org

The Glenbow Archives and Library, has an excellent collection of resources for the study of Métis genealogy. Their sources cover predominantly Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and some parts of the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and British Columbia.

Most of our sources pertain to people who were living in the Prairie Provinces in 1900 or earlier.

One unique collection is the Gail Morin database. The collection consists of a database of 65,434 records of persons who were Metis ancestors. For each individual, dates and places of birth, baptism, marriage, death, and burial, and notes on sources are given if known. Using Ancestral Quest software, the data can be linked to show genealogical relationships in the form of pedigree charts and descendancy charts. The database is available only with the assistance of the Archives staff in the reading room of the Glenbow Archives. The database is fully searchable online.

History

• The Métis are a multi ancestral indigenous group whose homeland is in Canada and parts of the United States between the Great Lakes region and the Rocky Mountains. The Métis trace their descent to both Indigenous North Americans and European settlers (primarily French). Not all people of mixed Indigenous and Settler descent are Métis, as the Métis are a distinct group of people with a distinct culture and language. Since the late 20th century, the Métis in Canada have been recognized as a distinct Indigenous people under the Constitution Act of 1982 and have a population of 587,545 as of 2016.
• During the height of the North American fur trade in New France from 1650 onward, many French and British fur traders married First Nations and Inuit women, mainly Cree, Ojibwa, or Saulteaux located in the Great Lakes area and later into the north west.
• The majority of these fur traders were French and Scottish; the French majority were Catholic.
• These marriages are commonly referred to as marriage à la façon du pays or marriage according to the "custom of the country."
• At first, the Hudson's Bay Company officially forbade these relationships. However, many Indigenous peoples actively encouraged them, because they drew fur traders into Indigenous kinship circles, creating social ties that supported the economic relationships developing between them and Europeans. When Indigenous women married European men, they introduced them to their people and their culture, taught them about the land and its resources, and worked alongside them. Indigenous women paddled and steered canoes, made moccasins out of moose skin, netted webbing for snowshoes, skinned animals and dried their meat.
• The children of these marriages were often introduced to Catholicism, but grew up in primarily First Nations societies. As adults, the men often worked as fur-trade company interpreters, as well as fur trappers in their turn.
• Many of the first generations of Métis lived within the First Nations societies of their wives and children, but also started to marry Métis women.
• By the early 19th century, marriage between European fur traders and First Nations or Inuit women started to decline as European fur traders began to marry Métis women instead, because Métis women were familiar with both white and Indigenous cultures, and could interpret.

Norwegian

• "Norwegian Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Swedish

• "Swedish Settlements", The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan

Family History Library (FHL); now called, FamilySearch Library (FSL)