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A '''Border Clan''', also historically known as a '''grayne''', is a family which originates in the Anglo-Scottish Border region. Many of these ended up involved in the Plantation of Ulster, and also settled in parts of North America. | A '''Border Clan''', also historically known as a '''grayne''', is a family which originates in the Anglo-Scottish Border region. Many of these ended up involved in the Plantation of Ulster, where they formed a major part of the [[Scots Irish]], and also settled in parts of North America. | ||
==Names== | |||
The historic riding surnames recorded by George MacDonald Fraser in ''The Steel Bonnets'' (1989)<ref>George McDonald Fraser, pp. 56–65</ref> are: | The historic riding surnames recorded by George MacDonald Fraser in ''The Steel Bonnets'' (1989)<ref>George McDonald Fraser, pp. 56–65</ref> are: | ||
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'''''Middle March''''' | '''''Middle March''''' | ||
* Scotland: Burns, Kerr, Young, Pringle, | * Scotland: Burns, Kerr, Young, Pringle, Davi(d)son, Gilchrist, Tait, Scott, Oliver, Turnbull, Rutherford of West Teviotdale. Armstrong, Croser, Elliot, Nixon, Douglas, Laidlaw, Routledge, Turner, Henderson of Liddesdale, Thomson, Jamieson, Hunter, Anderson, | ||
* England: | * England: Potts, Reed, Hall, Hedley of Redesdale. Charlton, Robson, Dodd, Dodds, Milburn, Yarrow, Stapleton of Tynedale. Also Fenwick, Ogle, Heron, Witherington, Medford (later Mitford), Collingwood, Carnaby, Shaftoe, Ridley, Stokoe, Stamper, Wilkinson, Huntley | ||
'''''West March''''' | '''''West March''''' | ||
* Scotland: Bell, Irvine, Johnstone, Graham, Maxwell, | * Scotland: Bell, Irvine, Johnstone, Graham, Maxwell, Carlyle, Beattie, Little, Carruthers, Moffat, Lowther, | ||
* England: Hetherington, Musgrave | * England: Glendenning, Hetherington, Musgrave, Curwen, Salkeld, Dacre, Harden, Hodgson, Routledge, Tailor, Noble, Storey | ||
Some of these surnames are also connected to other parts of Scotland and England away from the Border. "Johnstone", for example, has also been used as a translation of the Highland surname MacIain, and also as a replacement for MacGregor when that surname was proscribed. | |||
===Spelling variants=== | |||
Some spellings of names are associated more commonly with one side of the Border or another. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45%" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width:25%" |Scottish spelling | |||
! English spelling | |||
|- | |||
| Carlyle | |||
| Carlisle | |||
|- | |||
| Dickson | |||
| Dixon | |||
|- | |||
| Forrester | |||
| Forster | |||
|- | |||
| Gray | |||
| Grey | |||
|- | |||
| Reid | |||
| Reed | |||
|- | |||
| Taylor | |||
| Tailor | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Name origins=== | |||
Border surnames tend to be related to place names, unlike most of Scotland where patronymics are more common. "M(a)c-" surnames are extremely rare, but can be found native to Dumfriesshire. | |||
'''Placename''' | |||
Scotland: Broomfield, Carlyle (city of Carlisle), Carruthers, Cranstoun, Graham, Hall, Laidlaw, Rutherford, Moffatt, Lowther<br> | |||
England: Carnaby, Collingwood, Charlton, Curwen, Fenwick, Glendenning, Hedley, Hetherington, Huntley, Milburn, Mitford, Ridley, Salkeld, Selby, Witherington | |||
'''Celtic etymologies''' | |||
A handful of names have Celtic origins, mostly on the Scottish side - Gilchrist (Gaelic: Gille Chriosd - servant of Christ), Gillespie (Gaelic: Gilleasbaig - servant of the bishop), Kerr (Gaelic: cearr - left-handed), Douglas (Gaelic: Dubh-Ghlas, dark grey) | |||
Some of the place names are also of Celtic origin such as Carlyle, Carruthers and Glendenning. The name "Scott" would have originally referred to a Gaelic speaker in an English/Scots speaking area. | |||
'''Patronymics''' | |||
Scotland: Anderson (Andrew), Davi(d)son, Dickson (Richard), Henderson (Henry), Jamieson, Robson (Robert - the form "Robertson" tends to be from elsewhere in Scotland)<br> | |||
England: Dixon, Nixon, Dodd/Dodds/Doddson, Wilkinson (William) | |||
'''Personal characteristics''' | |||
Scotland - Armstrong, Kerr, Dunn, Gray, Little, Young, Younger<br> | |||
England - Dunn(e), Grey, Hodgson, Noble | |||
'''Trades''' | |||
Scotland - Hunter, Taylor/Tailor<br> | |||
England - Tailor, Turner | |||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
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[[Category:Scotland]] | [[Category:Scotland]] | ||
[[Category:England]] | [[Category:England]] | ||
[[Category:Northern Ireland]] | |||