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A '''Border Clan''', also historically known as a '''grayne''', is a family which originates in the Anglo-Scottish Border region. Many of these ended up involved in the Plantation of Ulster, where they formed a major part of the [[Scots Irish]], and also settled in parts of North America.
A '''Border Clan''', as historically known as a '''grayne''', is a family which originates in the Scottish Border region. Many of these ended up involved in the Plantation of Ulster, and also settled in parts of North America.


==Names==
The historic riding surnames recorded by George MacDonald Fraser in ''The Steel Bonnets'' (1989)<ref>George McDonald Fraser, pp.&nbsp;56–65</ref> are:
The historic riding surnames recorded by George MacDonald Fraser in ''The Steel Bonnets'' (1989)<ref>George McDonald Fraser, pp. 56–65</ref> are:


'''''East March'''''
'''''East March'''''
* Scotland: Hume, Trotter, Dickson, Broomfield, Craw, Cranstoun.
* Scotland: [[Clan Home|Hume]], [[Clan Trotter|Trotter]], [[Dixon Baronets|Dixon]], [[Bromfield (surname)|Bromfield]], [[Craw (surname)|Craw]], [[Clan Cranstoun|Cranston]].
* England: Forster, Selby, Grey, Dunn.
* England: [[Forster (surname)|Forster]], [[Selby family|Selby]], [[Gray (surname)|Gray]], [[Dunn (surname)|Dunn]].
 
'''''Middle March'''''
'''''Middle March'''''
* Scotland: Burns, Kerr, Young, Pringle, Davi(d)son, Gilchrist, Tait, Scott, Oliver, Turnbull, Rutherford of West Teviotdale. Armstrong, Croser, Elliot, Nixon, Douglas, Laidlaw, Routledge, Turner, Henderson of Liddesdale, Thomson, Jamieson, Hunter, Anderson,
* Scotland: Burns, [[Clan Kerr|Kerr]], [[Clan Young|Young]], [[Clan Pringle|Pringle]], Davison, Gilchrist, [[Tait (surname)|Tait]] of East Teviotdale. [[Clan Scott|Scott]], Oliver, [[Clan Turnbull|Turnbull]], Rutherford of West Teviotdale. [[Clan Armstrong|Armstrong]], Croser, [[Clan Eliott|Elliot]], Nixon, [[Clan Douglas|Douglas]], Laidlaw, [[Routledge]], Turner, [[Clan Henderson|Henderson]] of Liddesdale.
 
* England: Anderson, Potts, [[Reed (name)|Reed]], [[Clan Hall|Hall]], Hedley of Redesdale. Charlton, Robson, Dodd, Dodds, Milburn, Yarrow, [[Stapleton (surname)|Stapleton]] of Tynedale. Also Fenwick, [[Ogle family|Ogle]], Heron, Witherington, Medford (later [[Mitford family|Mitford]]), Collingwood, Carnaby, Shaftoe, Ridley, Stokoe, Stamper, Wilkinson, Hunter, Huntley, [[Thomson (surname)|Thomson]], Jamieson.
* England: Potts, Reed, Hall, Hedley of Redesdale. Charlton, Robson, Dodd, Dodds, Milburn, Yarrow, Stapleton of Tynedale. Also Fenwick, Ogle, Heron, Witherington, Medford (later Mitford), Collingwood, Carnaby, Shaftoe, Ridley, Stokoe, Stamper, Wilkinson, Huntley
 
'''''West March'''''
'''''West March'''''
* Scotland: Bell, Irvine, Johnstone, Graham, Maxwell, Carlyle, Beattie, Little, Carruthers, Moffat, Lowther,
* Scotland: Bell, [[Clan Irvine|Irvine]], [[Clan Johnstone|Johnstone]], [[Clan Maxwell|Maxwell]], Carlisle, Beattie, [[Clan Little|Little]], [[Clan Carruthers|Carruthers]], Glendenning, [[History_of_Routledge_surname_15th_to_18th_centuries|Routledge]], [[Clan Moffat|Moffat]].
* England: Glendenning, Hetherington, Musgrave, Curwen, Salkeld, Dacre, Harden, Hodgson, Routledge, Tailor, Noble, Storey
* England: Graham, [[Hetherington]], Musgrave, Storey, Lowther, Curwen, [[Salkeld]], Dacre, Harden, [[Hodgson]], Routledge, Tailor, Noble.
 
Some of these surnames are also connected to other parts of Scotland and England away from the Border. "Johnstone", for example, has also been used as a translation of the Highland surname MacIain, and also as a replacement for MacGregor when that surname was proscribed.
 
===Spelling variants===
Some spellings of names are associated more commonly with one side of the Border or another.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45%"
|-
! style="width:25%" |Scottish spelling
! English spelling
|-
| Carlyle
| Carlisle
|-
| Dickson
| Dixon
|-
| Forrester
| Forster
|-
| Gray
| Grey
|-
| Reid
| Reed
|-
| Taylor
| Tailor
|-
|}
 
===Name origins===
Border surnames tend to be related to place names, unlike most of Scotland where patronymics are more common. "M(a)c-" surnames are extremely rare, but can be found native to Dumfriesshire.
 
'''Placenames'''<br>
Scotland: Broomfield, Carlyle (city of Carlisle), Carruthers, Cranstoun, Graham, Hall, Laidlaw, Rutherford, Moffatt, Lowther<br>
England: Carnaby, Collingwood, Charlton, Curwen, Fenwick, Glendenning, Hedley, Hetherington, Huntley, Milburn, Mitford, Ridley, Salkeld, Selby, Witherington
 
'''Patronymics'''<br>
Scotland: Anderson (Andrew), Davi(d)son, Dickson (Richard), Henderson (Henry), Jamieson, Robson (Robert - the form "Robertson" tends to be from elsewhere in Scotland)<br>
England: Dixon, Nixon, Dodd/Dodds/Doddson, Wilkinson (William)
 
'''Personal characteristics'''<br>
Scotland - Armstrong, Kerr, Dunn, Gray, Little, Young, Younger<br>
England - Dunn(e), Grey, Hodgson, Noble
 
'''Trades'''<br>
Scotland - Hunter, Taylor/Tailor<br>
England - Tailor, Turner
 
'''Celtic etymologies'''<br>
A handful of names have Celtic origins, mostly on the Scottish side - Gilchrist (Gaelic: Gille Chriosd - servant of Christ), Gillespie (Gaelic: Gilleasbaig - servant of the bishop), Kerr (Gaelic: cearr - left-handed), Douglas (Gaelic: Dubh-Ghlas, dark grey)
 
Some of the place names are also of Celtic origin such as Carlyle, Carruthers and Glendenning. The name "Scott" would have originally referred to a Gaelic speaker in an English/Scots speaking area.
 
==Further Reading==
* MacDonald Fraser, George (1971). The Steel Bonnets. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-272746-3.


==References==
{{cite book|last=MacDonald Fraser|first=George|authorlink=George MacDonald Fraser|title=The Steel Bonnets|year=1971|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0-00-272746-3}}
<references/>


[[Category:Scotland]]
[[Category:Scotland]]
[[Category:England]]
[[Category:England]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland]]

Revision as of 03:25, 23 August 2020

A Border Clan, as historically known as a grayne, is a family which originates in the Scottish Border region. Many of these ended up involved in the Plantation of Ulster, and also settled in parts of North America.

The historic riding surnames recorded by George MacDonald Fraser in The Steel Bonnets (1989)[1] are:

East March

Middle March

West March 

Template:Cite book
  1. ↑ George McDonald Fraser, pp. 56–65
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