Denmark Probate Records: Difference between revisions

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==Online Resources==
Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.  
*'''1674-1851''' {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at FamilySearch — index & images
 
*'''1651-1895''' {{FSC|73126|title-id|disp=Uddrag af kirkebøger, skiftebøger og forskellige protokoller fra Rigsarkivet, Provinsarkivet, Bispearkivet, o.s.v., ca. 1651-1895 }}(*); Petersen, A., b. 1827 at FamilySearch Catalog - images
These records are very helpful for research because in many areas the authorities began recording probate actions before birth and death records.  
*'''1680-1720''' {{FSC|417814|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1680-1720}}(*); Ryttergods (4. Jyske Regiment) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1687-1737''' {{FSC|417503|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1687-1737}}(*); Rytterdistrikt (Koldinghus) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1847''' {{FSC|538957|title-id|disp=Blanketregnskaber 1800-1847 }}(*); Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1848''' {{FSC|505598|title-id|disp=Testamenter konfirmerede gennem overøvrigheden, 1800-1848 }}(*); Danske Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1802''' {{FSC|336896|title-id|disp=Testamente efter Frederick Christian Rosenkrantz, 1802 }}(*); Rosenkrantz, Frederick Christian at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|343248|title-id|disp=Index to the probate records of various Danish Cavalry land grants, including miscellaneous judicial districts and parishes }}(*) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|59409|title-id|disp=The probate records of Denmark }}(*); Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Genealogical Department at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|735434|title-id|disp=Systematisk fremstilling af det danske skiftevæsen , et forsøg :}}(*); Hansen, Jens Olaus at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Copyhold and Probates] Danske Slægtsforskere Odense
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - [https://aurelia-clemons.dk/probate.htm Probate extractions] for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, not just those related to the website owner, any given surname, or area. This is also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjælland.
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Erik Brejls Hjemmeside] Probate extracts for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country as well as most cities. In Danish.
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish.
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish.
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish.
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish.
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Sall Data] Scanned probate records. Select '''Skifter''' from the drop-down list to begin searching.
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s DIS-Arkivalielister] Probate records listed by registering authority. In Danish.


==Denmark Probate Records==
Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a parent died and left children that were not of age (age 25). Often an estate was probated even if the children were of age.  
Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses. <br> <br>


These records are very helpful for research because they provide direct evidence of relationships. Often a single probate will list several individuals and their exact relationships to each other. <br> <br>
Although probate records are one of the most accurate sources of genealogical information, the relationships noted in the records may not always have the same meaning today. For instance, a brother-in-law may be recorded as a brother, because legally that made no difference.  


Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a person died and left minor heirs, absent heirs, or no heirs. The definition of "minor heirs" was any male under the age of 25 or any female who has never married. <br>
From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the ''foged'' (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the ''sorenskriver'' (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of ''sorenskriver'' took on the meaning of probate judge.  


{| border="1" align="right"
{| border="1" align="right"
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*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
|}
|}


=== Classes in the Learning Center ===
=== The Probate Process  ===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/User:TannerBlairTolman Tanner Blair Tolman, AG®] presented a class in 2019 called ''Denmark Probate Records.'' It can be accessed by clicking  [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/denmark-probate-records here.]
 
Before 1683, probate records were often part of the general court records. The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.  


=== The Probate Process  ===
The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.


The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided. <br> <br>
No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate [uskiftet bo]. Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.  


The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority. <br> <br>
All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.  


No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate (''uskiftet bo''). Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution. <br> <br>
Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.  


All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval. <br> <br>
To view records examples of&nbsp;''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].  


Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship. <br> <br>
=== Wills and Indexes [Testamentprotokoller med Indexer]  ===


To view records examples of ''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].
Research use: These records are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills.  


=== The Availability of Probate Records  ===
Record type: Legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice [Justitsministeriet] kept copies of all wills.


Although many Danish probates have survived and they are some of the best genealogical records for Danish research, finding a probate for your person of interest can be tricky. To find a probate for your person of interest, you must first know where he lived, what class of person he was, and, if he was a tenant farmer (or cottager), to which [[Danish Gods| estate]] he was bound. <br> <br>
Time period: 1500 to present.  


*Probate records for clergy and schoolteachers were kept by the provsti (deanery) until about 1803-1814. After that time their probates were recorded by the local herred (the lowest court district). <br> <br>
Contents: Name and age of testator, residence, heirs, relationships, description of land and property, date of will, signature, witnesses. Indexes.  


*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from a local estate or institution were recorded by the estate to which they were bound until 1788-1817. After this time, their probates may also be recorded in the herred or they may still be recorded by the estate as some estates kept the right to probate with special consideration until 1850. <br> <br>
Location: There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.  
[[Image:Crown Land Hotspot.jpg|thumb|right|350px]]
*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from the crown were recorded by the local [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]] (taxation district). The closer your ancestor's farm was to Copenhagen, the more likely it is that they lived on crown owned land. The includes maps show places where the crown owned all or most of the land. If your ancestor lived in one of those areas, you should especially consider the ''amtstue'' when searching for your ancestor's probate. The only exception is Bornholm which did not use the amtstue for probates. <br> <br>


*Probate records for freeholders (farmers and cottagers who owned their land outright) were recorded by the [[Danish Amt 1662 - 1793| amt (county)]] until about 1793 when the counties were reorganized (the word about is used because some of the counties actually reorganized later. Maribo county, for example, was not formed until 1803). After this time they were recorded by the herred. <br> <br>
Percentage in Family History Library: Overall about 45%. The library has already acquired about 90% of will transcripts (1750-1848) as part of chancery records. Although most of the probate records of Denmark have been filmed, the Family History Library has not filmed any original wills.  


*Each city, besides Copenhagen, has its own local probate jurisdiction called the byret. <br> <br>
Population coverage: 10%.  


*Copenhagen had its own unique and complex system. Information on it is provided below at also on this page.
Reliability: Very good.<ref name="profile" />


As probates are most likely to be used before 1814, and most Danes before that time were tenant farmers, you will probably spend most of your time searching the probate records of the various estates. <br> <br>
For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].


The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS. This will bring up most of the possible places a probate for your ancestor might be if he or she died in that parish, but it will not bring all of them up. Some estates either do not have surviving probates or their probates were not filmed by the GSU (now FamilySearch). Additionally, FamilySearch has most of the probates recorded by the [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]], but they will not appear in this search. To find those you will need to identify the correct amtstue (which often has the same name as the amt) and then search for records created by that amtstue specifically in either FamilySearch or [https://www.sa.dk/da/ Daisy.] <br>
=== The Availability of Probate Records  ===


Some wonderful indexes have been prepared to these various records by the Land Archive for Sjælland and are found both at Landsarkivet and the Family History Library on microfiche, the most extensive index being for the Forseglingsprotokoller:
Before the 1683 law, probate was held only when there were problems in dividing an estate. After 1683 the probate records are separate from the other court records and handled by the probate judge.


*Forseglingsprotokoller 1720-1919 (FHL fiche 6030293-60401670).<br>
Probate records for clergy, schoolteachers, and military officers were often kept separate from the regular probate jurisdiction. Church officials would conduct probate for a priest or a schoolteacher, and a commanding officer for a military officer.  
*Ordinære boer 1660-1771 (FHLfiche 6030251-6030255).<br>
*Konceptskrifter [draft probates] 1660-1771 (FHL fiche 6030238-6030250).<br>
*Behandlingsprotokoller 1715-1771 (FHL fiche 6030233-6030237).<br>
*Samfrændskifter [relative probates] 1771-1810 (FHL fiche 6030270-6030271).<br>
*Eksekutorboer [executor estate] 1790-1919 (FHL fiche 6030256-6030269).<br>


==== Copenhagen: 1670-1771  ====
The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS.  
There were 13 different probate courts in Copenhagen. See the article [[Copenhagen Probate Jurisdictions]] for details. The four largest were the following:


#'''Magistrats skiftekommission, 1681-1781''' - Magistrate's probate commission, also called Byretten {''city court''). These records are for the commoners of the city. Index on FHL film 0045256 and 0044771, records on films 0044772-0045255.
=== Guardianship Records [''Overformynderiprotokoller'']  ===
#'''Hofretten, 1679-1771''' - Castle Court. This court was for high civil officials. Index, FHL film 0044596; probates FHL films 0044597¬0044688.
#'''Borgretten, 1682-1771''' - Citizen Court. This court was for the lower civil officials and employees. General index FHL film 0044689 probate records FHL films 0044690-0044770.
#'''Underadmiralitetsretten, 1670-1779''' - Lower Admiralty Court. For naval non-commissioned officers (rank below captain). Records on FHL films 0048030¬0048113.


Other probate court records for this time period that have not been filmed include the following:
Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold. First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny.  
*Regimentasauditørerne (Military Court, for enlisted men in the army)
*Søetatens General Auditør (Military Court, for naval non-commissioned officers)
*Universitets Skiftejurisdiktion (University Court, for students, many no longer exist)
*Den Gejstlige Skiftejurisdiktion (Ecclesiastical Court, for clergy and related personnel, most no longer exist)
*Vajsenhusets Skiftejurisdiktion (Orphan-house Court, for personnel of the orphan house, records no longer exist)
*Frederiks Hospitals Skiftejurisdiktion (Hospital Court, for personnel of the hospital, records no longer exist)
*Det Asiatiske og det Vestindisk-Guineiske Kompagnis (The Asiatic and West Indies-Guineas Company, for employees in Copenhagen and the colonies)
*Jødernes Skiftejurisdiktion (Jewish Probate Jurisdiction, many Jews listed in the Magistratens Skiftekommision listed above).


==== Copenhagen: 1771-1861  ====
The guardianship record usually has the following information:  


Most probate records in Copenhagen for this time period were handled by a single probate commission. For the period 1771-1803 they are listed under the '''Stadsretten''' (City Court; FHL films 0045257-0046190) and from 1804-1862 under the '''Landsretten''' (Land Court; FHL films 0046191¬0048027). These records are divided in two ways: by record type (see above under indexes) and then by classification.<br>
*Name of the ward or minor.
*Sometimes age or birth date.  
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)  
*Name of guardian and residence.
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record.


Within each record type there are nine groupings as to the classification of those for whom a probate was held (the catalog does not show which groups are on which film, so you may wish to consult the book, Register of Danish estate probates:Copenhagen county, 1701-1820; FHL book 948.911 P23c; film 0599138, item 3). <br> I. High civil officials and commissioned officers <br> II. Other civil officials, clerks, secretaries,book keepers, etc. <br> III.Clergy, professors, students, and workers at schools, hospitals, and the church<br> IV. Citizens of higher reputation and wealth <br> V. Artist, tradesmen, etc. <br> VI. Persons of no great means <br> VII. Servants <br> VIII. Enlisted men of the navy and merchant marines <br> IX. Enlisted men of the army. <br>
Research use: Very useful lineage-linking source. Relationship information is given so that blood lines of adoptees and orphans can be identified.  


==== Copenhagen: 1861-1912  ====
Record type: Records of those who have care of underaged heirs after the death of parents.


The nine classifications from the earlier period were regrouped into six. Class III was grouped with Class II. Classes VII-IX were combined to a new Class III. These later records were listed under the title '''Den kongelige Lands-over- samt Hof og Stadsret i København''' (The royal provincial, as well as castle and city court in Copenhagen; FHL films 0520496¬0521527,0517662-0517794).<br>
Time period: 1570 to present.  


The '''Reparitionsprotokol''' [restitution records] from 1863¬1910 are filed separately (FHL film 0517795¬0517840), as are a set of records called '''Børn og hospitalslemmer''' (Children and hospital inmates; FHL film 0517868-0517897).<br>
Contents: Information about the ward and when and from whom (family member or other person) inheritance was received; information about the guardian and his relationship to the ward, and expenses charged to the estate. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state. Dates of birth or christening may be given.  


=== Wills and Indexes (''Testamentprotokoller med Indexer'')  ===
Location: National and provincial archives.  
These records are legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice (''Justitsministeriet'') kept copies of all wills.  


These are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills. Records are available from about 1500. There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.
Percentage in Family History Library: 90%.  


Records may contain:
Population coverage: 10%.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Denmark,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1998.</ref>
*Name and age of testator
*Residence
*Heirs
*Relationships
*Description of land and property
*Date of will
*Names of witnesses


For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].
=== Probate Word List  ===


=== Guardianship Records (''Overformynderiprotokoller'')  ===
Following is a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in probate records. For other Danish probate vocabulary lists, click [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Danish_Probate_Language here] or [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Denmark_Probate_word_list here].  
Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold: First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny. Records date from 1570. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state.


The guardianship record usually has the following information:
*Name of the ward or minor.
*Sometimes age or birth date and place
*Name of guardian and residence.
*Relationship, if any to the ward
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record
*Expenses charged to the estate
== Probate Word List ==
====A====
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 199: Line 141:
| Aftægtsfolk || retired people
| Aftægtsfolk || retired people
|-
|-
| Aftægtskone || retired woman being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
| Aftægtskone || retired woman
|-
|-
| Aftægtsmand ||  retired man being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
| Aftægtsmand ||  retired man
|-
|-
| Agent || agent
| Agent || agent
Line 212: Line 154:
|-
|-
| Aldrig || never
| Aldrig || never
|-
| Alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
|-
| Alle || all  
| Alle || all  
Line 274: Line 214:
|-
|-
| Arveskifte ||  inheritance
| Arveskifte ||  inheritance
|-
| Arvesummen || the sum of the inheritance
|-
|-
| Arving || heir
| Arving || heir
Line 393: Line 331:
|-
|-
| Bortsolgt || sold
| Bortsolgt || sold
|-
| Boslod/Lodseddel || Certificate for a share or lot
|-
|-
| Bouppteckning || probate
| Bouppteckning || probate
Line 404: Line 340:
| Broderdatter || brother's daughter
| Broderdatter || brother's daughter
|-
|-
| Broderlod || a brother's share of an inheritance (this <br>could be used when talking about a son (having <br>a share with his brothers and sisters) or <br>the deceased's brother)
| Broderlod || brother's share
|-
|-
| Brodersøn || brother's son
| Brodersøn || brother's son
Line 413: Line 349:
|-
|-
| By, bye || town, village
| By, bye || town, village
|-
| Byfogeden || The city baliff
|-
| Byting || city court
|-
|-
| Børn || children
| Børn || children
Line 522: Line 454:
|-
|-
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
|-
| Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller || Starting in 1792, all deceased had <br>to be reported to the local probate <br>authorities, whether they were to be probated <br>or not. The reports of the deceased became <br>a compiled record called the <br>Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller
|-
|-
| Dødsfald || death
| Dødsfald || death
|-
|-
| Døtre || daughters
| Døtre || daughter
|}
|}


Line 628: Line 558:


====F====
====F====
{| class="wikitable"
Faa- get, receive<br>
! Danish !! English
Fadder- godfather, sponsor<br>
|-
Faaet- received, got, obtained<br>
| Faa || get, receive
Fader- father <br>
|-
Faderne, Fadderne- godparents <br>
| Fadder || godfather, sponsor
Fallit- bankrupt, bankruptcy<br>
|-
Fandt, Fantes- found, was found<br>
| Faaet || received, got, obtained
Far- father<br>
|-
Farbroder- father’s brother, uncle <br>
| Fader || father
Farfader- paternal grandfather<br>
|-
Farfar- grandfather<br>
| Faderne, Fadderne || godparents
Far- father<br>
|-
Farmoder- grandmother, father’s mother<br>
| Fallit || bankrupt, bankruptcy
Farmor- grandmother, father’s mother<br>
|-
Faset- receive<br>
| Fandt, Fantes || found, was found
Faste- real<br>
|-
Faster- aunt, father’s sister<br>
| Far || father
Fastsætte- assign, appoint<br>
|-
Fat- got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend<br>
| Farbroder || father’s brother, uncle
Fattes- lacking, wanting<br>
|-
Fellets- joint<br>
| Farfader || paternal grandfather
Fik- get, receive<br>
|-
Fil- file<br>
| Farfar || grandfather
Findes- found<br>
|-
Firer- four<br>
| Far || father
Foged- bailiff, marshall, official<br>
|-
Folgende- as follows, thus<br>
| Farmoder || grandmother, father’s mother
Folio- page<br>For- in, for, in order, for the <br>
|-
For endelig skifte- for final probate<br>
| Farmor || grandmother, father’s mother
Foranførte- above mentioned <br>
|-
Foranmeldte- above reported, previously announced <br>
| Faset || receive
Forat- to, in order to<br>
|-
Forandre, forandring- change, vary, shift, reverse<br>
| Faste || real
Foregaænde- earlier<br>
|-
Foregaaet- official announcement<br>
| Faster || aunt, father’s sister
Fordeling- distribution, allocation<br>
|-
Fordring- claim, debt, receivable<br>
| Fastsætte || assign, appoint
Fordre, fordrede- demand, require<br>
|-
Fordrukken- drunken<br>
| Fat || got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend
Forefandtes- were present<br>Foregaænde- earlier, previous, former<br>
|-
Foregaaet- occurred, took place<br>
| Fattes || lacking, wanting
Forestage- make, do, perform <br>
|-
Foretagelse- making, performing<br>
| Fellets || joint
Foretage, foretagne- transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute <br>
|-
Fortagen- distribution<br>
| Fik || get, receive
Foretager- makes, performs, carries out <br>
|-
Fortaget lovlig- transacted lawfully<br>
| Fil || file
Forevise- show<br>
|-
Forfald- absence<br>
| Findes || found
Forfaret- conduct<br>
|-
Forgået- occurred, took place<br>
| Firer || four
Forfeiglet- previous<br>
|-
Forhen, førhen- in the past, formerly<br>
| Foged || bailiff, marshall, official
Forhentiltagne- previously appointed<br>
|-
Forkarlen- foreman<br>
| Folgende || as follows, thus
Forloveren- sponsors, bondsmen at marriage<br>
|-
Forladefoged- baliff of the manor <br>
| Folio || page
Formedelst- due to, because of<br>
|-
Formode- assuming, supposing<br>
| For || in, for, in order, for the
Formue- assets, property, wealth<br>
|-
Formynder- guardian <br>
| For endelig skifte || for final probate
Fornyelig- recently, recently departed<br>
|-
Forordningen- regulation, statutes <br>
| Foranførte || above mentioned
Forpagter- tenant<br>
|-
Forpligte- oblige, commit<br>
| Foranmeldte || above reported, previously announced
Forpligtelse- obligation, commitment<br>
|-
Forpligtet- committed, obliged<br>
| Forat || to, in order to
Forrentning- interest, return, rate<br>
|-
Forreste- front, foremost<br>
| Forandre, forandring || change, vary, shift, reverse
Forresten- incidentally, by the way, anyway<br>
|-
Forrætte og afslutte- transact and conclude<br>
| Foregaænde || earlier
Forretning- business, transaction, administration, proceeding<br>
|-
Forretning tilstede- present at the proceeding<br>
| Foregaaet || official announcement
Forretninger- transactions<br>
|-
Forretningen- business administration <br>
| Fordeling || distribution, allocation
Forrevist kjøb- bill of sale<br>
|-
Forrige- previous<br>
| Fordring || claim, debt, receivable
Forsamle- meet, assemble, gather<br>
|-
Forsamlingen- meeting, assembly, gathering, committee<br>
| Fordre, fordrede || demand, require
Forsegle- seal up<br>
|-
Forsende- seal up<br>
| Fordrukken || drunken
Forsige- to say<br>
|-
Forskel- difference<br>
| Forefandtes || were present
Fortfare- conduct, carry out<br>
|-
Fortfarende- continually, ongoing<br>
| Foregaænde || earlier, previous, former
Fortforet- conducted<br>
|-
Fortil- before<br>
| Foregaaet || occurred, took place
Foruden- besides, in addition to<br>
|-
Forud- previous, prior<br>
| Forestage || make, do, perform
Forudgående- previous<br>
|-
Forudsiger- predicts<br>
| Foretagelse || making, performing
Forvalter- administrator, agent, manager, bailiff<br>
|-
Forvære- make worse<br>
| Foretage, foretagne || transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute
Forældre- parents<br>
|-
Forældreløs- orphan<br>
| Fortagen || distribution
Forældrene- the parents<br>
|-
Fosterbarn- foster child<br>
| Foretager || makes, performs, carries out
Fosterbørn- foster children<br>
|-
Fosterdatter- foster daughter<br>
| Fortaget lovlig || transacted lawfully
Fostersøn- foster son<br>
|-
Fra- from <br>
| Forevise || show
Fraværende- absent <br>
|-
Frembragt- reveal, disclose <br>
| Forfald || absence
Fremdeles, fremdeeles- further<br>
|-
Fremfor- before, above, beyond<br>
| Forfaret || conduct
Fremføre- advance, forward<br>
|-
Fremfærd- conduct<br>
| Forgået || occurred, took place
Fremgang- proceed, progress<br>
|-
Fremlagt, fremlagde- submitted, presented, provided, produced<br>
| Forfeiglet || previous
Fremme- to go forth<br>
|-
Fremsat- submitted, made, delivered, presented<br>
| Forhen, førhen || in the past, formerly
Fremstille, Fremstillet- create, make, produce, present to be judged<br>
|-
Fremviste- presented, showed, displayed<br>
| Forhentiltagne || previously appointed
Fri- free<br>
|-
Frille- mistress<br>
| Forkarlen || foreman
Frue- Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women<br>
|-
Fruentimmer- unmarried mother<br>
| Forloveren || sponsors, bondsmen at marriage
Frugtsommelig- pregnant<br>Frøken- miss, not a peasant girl<br>
|-
Fudt- completely<br>
| Forladefoged || baliff of the manor
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect<br>
|-
Fuldkomns- fulfilled<br>
| Formedelst || due to, because of
Fuldmagt- proxy, power of attorney<br>
|-
Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige- attorney, advocate, head clerk<br>
| Formode || assuming, supposing
Fulgt- followed<br>
|-
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect<br>
| Formue || assets, property, wealth
Fælled, Fælles- common, mutual, joint<br>
|-
Fæstebonde- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer<br>
| Formynder || guardian
Fæstegårdmand- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer<br>
|-
Fæste- copyhold, lease<br>
| Fornyelig || recently, recently departed
Fæstebonde-leaseholder on a farm <br>
|-
Fæstemand- betrothed <br>
| Forordningen || regulation, statutes
Fæster- person who is leasing<br>
|-
Fæstprotokol- land lease<br>
| Forpagter || tenant
Fætter- cousin<br>
|-
Fødtes (Føde) værger- family guardian<br>
| Forpligte || oblige, commit
Følge- result of (i følge- as a result of)<br>
|-
Følger- as follows<br>
| Forpligtelse || obligation, commitment
Før die unmyndige vegen- in behalf of the minors<br>
|-
Før- before <br>
| Forpligtet || committed, obliged
Førhen- previously <br>
|-
Første- first<br>
| Forrentning || interest, return, rate
Får- gets, will, have<br>
|-
Fået- received, got  
| Forreste || front, foremost
|-
| Forresten || incidentally, by the way, anyway
|-
| Forrætte og afslutte || transact and conclude
|-
| Forretning || business, transaction, administration, proceeding
|-
| Forretning tilstede || present at the proceeding
|-
| Forretninger || transactions
|-
| Forretningen || business administration
|-
| Forrevist kjøb || bill of sale
|-
| Forrige || previous
|-
| Forsamle || meet, assemble, gather
|-
| Forsamlingen || meeting, assembly, gathering, committee
|-
| Forsegle || seal up
|-
| Forsende || seal up
|-
| Forsige || to say
|-
| Forskel || difference
|-
| Fortfare || conduct, carry out
|-
| Fortfarende || continually, ongoing
|-
| Fortforet || conducted
|-
| Fortil || before
|-
| Foruden || besides, in addition to
|-
| Forud || previous, prior
|-
| Forudgående || previous
|-
| Forudsiger || predicts
|-
| Forvalter || administrator, agent, manager, bailiff
|-
| Forvære || make worse
|-
| Forældre || parents
|-
| Forældreløs || orphan
|-
| Forældrene || the parents
|-
| Fosterbarn || foster child
|-
| Fosterbørn || foster children
|-
| Fosterdatter || foster daughter
|-
| Fostersøn || foster son
|-
| Fra || from
|-
| Fraværende || absent
|-
| Frembragt || reveal, disclose
|-
| Fremdeles, fremdeeles || further
|-
| Fremfor || before, above, beyond
|-
| Fremføre- || advance, forward
|-
| Fremfærd || conduct
|-
| Fremgang || proceed, progress
|-
| Fremlagt, fremlagde || submitted, presented, provided, produced
|-
| Fremme || to go forth
|-
| Fremsat || submitted, made, delivered, presented
|-
| Fremstille, Fremstillet || create, make, produce, present to be judged
|-
| Fremviste || presented, showed, displayed
|-
| Fri || free
|-
| Frille || mistress
|-
| Frue || Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women
|-
| Fruentimmer || unmarried mother
|-
| Frugtsommelig || pregnant
|-
| Frøken || miss, not a peasant girl
|-
| Fudt || completely
|-
| Fuldkommen || complete, perfect
|-
| Fuldkomns || fulfilled
|-
| Fuldmagt || proxy, power of attorney
|-
| Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige || attorney, advocate, head clerk
|-
| Fulgt || followed
|-
| Fuldkommen || complete, perfect
|-
| Fælled, Fælles || common, mutual, joint
|-
| Fæstebonde || copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
|-
| Fæstegårdmand || copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
|-
| Fæste || copyhold, lease
|-
| Fæstebonde || a farm
|-
| Fæstemand || betrothed
|-
| Fæster || person who is leasing
|-
| Fæstprotokol || land lease
|-
| Fætter || cousin
|-
| Fødtes (Føde) værger || family guardian
|-
| Følge || as a result of)
|-
| Følger || as follows
|-
| Før die unmyndige vegen || in behalf of the minors
|-
| Før || before
|-
| Førhen || previously
|-
| Første || first
|-
| Får || gets, will, have
|-
| Fået || received, got
|}


====G====
====G====
{| class="wikitable"
Gaardmand- farmer<br>
! Danish !! English
Gammel- old <br>
|-
Garden- the farm<br>
| Gaardmand || farmer
Gave- gift, present<br>
|-
Gavn- benefit<br>
| Gammel || old
Gift, givt- married<br>Gik- went, walked, did, was, were<br>
|-
Gior- makes<br>
| Garden || the farm
Gjeld- debts<br>
|-
Gjort, Gjorde- made, done, been<br>
| Gave || gift, present
Godfather- godfather<br>
|-
Gudfrygtige- godfearing<br>
| Gavn || benefit
Gudmoder- godmother<br>
|-
Gæld, gjold, gjæld- debt, payables<br>
| Gift, givt || married
Gå- go, walk, do<br>
|-
Gårdbruger, gaardbruger- farmer<br>
| Gik || went, walked, did, was, were
Gårdejer, gaardejer- farm owner<br>
|-
Gaard- farm<br>
| Gior || makes
Gårdfæster, gaardfæster- farm leaseholder, tenant<br>
|-
Gårdmand, gaardmand- farmer  
| Gjeld || debts
|-
| Gjort, Gjorde || made, done, been
|-
| Godfather || godfather
|-
| Gudfrygtige || godfearing
|-
| Gudmoder || godmother
|-
| Gæld, gjold, gjæld || debt, payables
|-
| Gå || go, walk, do
|-
| Gårdbruger, gaardbruger || farmer
|-
| Gårdejer, gaardejer || farm owner
|-
| Gaard || farm
|-
| Gårdfæster, gaardfæster || farm leaseholder, tenant
|-
| Gårdmand, gaardmand || farmer
|}


====H====
====H====
{| class="wikitable"
H.(abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife<br>
! Danish !! English
Halde- hold, maintain, keep, continue<br>
|-
Halvbrodre, Halvbroder- half brother<br>
| H. || abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife
Halvdelen- half, a portion<br>
|-
Ham- he, his, him <br>
| Halde || hold, maintain, keep, continue
Han- he, his, him <br>
|-
Hannen- male, him <br>
| Halvbrodre, Halvbroder || half brother
Hans- his <br>
|-
Har- has, have <br>
| Halvdelen || half, a portion
Hartkorn- unit of land valuation <br>
|-
Havde- had<br>
| Ham || he, his, him
Have- have, be<br>
|-
Havender- debtors<br>
| Han || he, his, him
Heder- honor<br>
|-
Hederlige- honorable<br>
| Hannen || male, him
Hederlige och wellærde- honorable and well-learned<br>
|-
Helbroder- whole brother<br>
| Hans || his
Hele- all, entire<br>
|-
Hellere- rather, better, prefer<br>
| Har || has, have
Hellig- holy<br>
|-
Hende, Hendes- her, hers <br>
| Hartkorn || unit of land valuation
Henhold- according, accordance with, belong to<br>
|-
Henhøre til- refer to<br>
| Havde || had
Hensidde- live, exist<br>
|-
Hensyn- respect, regard<br>
| Have || have, be
Her- here<br>
|-
Heraf- of this, thereof, these, which<br>
| Havender || debtors
Herom- accordingly, thereof, thereon <br>
|-
Herremand- lord of the manor<br>
| Heder || honor
Herrets ting- district court <br>
|-
Herskerinde- mistress<br>
| Hederlige || honorable
Hidtil- previously, up until now<br>
|-
Hjemme, Hiemme- at home <br>
| Hederlige och wellærde || honorable and well-learned
Hjemmedødt- home christening, home baptism <br>
|-
Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand)- cottager <br>
| Hegle || tools for processing flax and hemp
Holde- hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying<br>
|-
Holden- keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous Holdelse- proceeding <br>
| Heigle || tools for processing flax and hemp
Holdte- held<br>
|-
Hor- adultery, fornication <br>
| Helbroder || whole brother
Hos- at, with, in, by, from <br>
|-
Hovedperson- head of house<br>
| Hele || all, entire
Hr.- Mr. <br>
|-
Hun- she <br>
| Hellere || rather, better, prefer
Hus, Huus- house <br>
|-
Husbonde- husband, head of house<br>
| Hellig || holy
Husejer- owner of house<br>
|-
Husfader- head of house<br>
| Hende, Hendes || her, hers
Husfolk- small farmers<br>
|-
Husholderske- housekeeper<br>
| Henhold || according, accordance with, belong to
Husmand med jord- farmer with land<br>
|-
Husmand- cottager, small farmer<br>
| Henhøre til || refer to
Husmoder, huusmoder- wife, homemaker<br>
|-
Hustrue, hustru, kone-wife <br>
| Hensidde || live, exist
Huus afgift- rent<br>
|-
Hvad- what<br>
| Hensyn || respect, regard
Hvem- who<br>
|-
Hver, hvert- every<br>
| Her || here
Hvidebøger- "white books" or a record of those deceased in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate <br>
|-
Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket- which, what, this <br>
| Heraf || of this, thereof, these, which
Hvil- rest<br>
|-
Hvor- where, which, when, how, there<br>
| Herom || accordingly, thereof, thereon
Hvorefter- whereafter, then <br>
|-
Hvornaar- when is, when will, when does, where once, where when <br>
| Herremand || lord of the manor
Hvorved- wherewith <br>
|-
Hvortil- plus, in additon, which should be added<br>
| Herrets ting || district court
Høj Ædle, Højædle- noble, high <br>
|-
| Herskerinde || mistress
|-
| Hidtil || previously, up until now
|-
| Himmelseng || canopy bed
|-
| Hjemme, Hiemme || at home
|-
| Hjemmedødt || home christening, home baptism
|-
| Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand) || cottager
|-
| Holde || hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying
|-
| Holden || keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous  
|-
| Holdelse || proceeding
|-
| Holdte || held
|-
| Hor || adultery, fornication
|-
| Hos || at, with, in, by, from
|-
| Hovedperson || head of house
|-
| Hr. || Mr.
|-
| Hun || she
|-
| Hus, Huus || house
|-
| Husbonde || husband, head of house
|-
| Husejer || owner of house
|-
| Husfader || head of house
|-
| Husfolk || small farmers
|-
| Husholderske || housekeeper
|-
| Husmand med jord || farmer with land
|-
| Husmand || cottager, small farmer
|-
| Husmoder, huusmoder || wife, homemaker
|-
| Hustrue, hustru, kone || hustru, kone-wife
|-
| Huus afgift || rent
|-
| Hvad || what
|-
| Hvem || who
|-
| Hver, hvert || every
|-
| Hvidebøger || "white books" or a record of those deceased <br>in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate
|-
| Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket || which, what, this
|-
| Hvil || rest
|-
| Hvor || where, which, when, how, there
|-
| Hvorefter || whereafter, then
|-
| Hvornaar || when is, when will, when does, <br>where once, where when
|-
| Hvorved || wherewith
|-
| Hvortil || plus, in additon, which should be added
|-
| Høj Ædle, Højædle || noble, high
|}


====I ====
====I ====
{| class="wikitable"
I- in, of, the, at, you<br>
! Danish !! English
I dag- today<br>
|-
Iagttage- watch, observe<br>
| I || in, of, the, at, you
Iberegne- include<br>
|-
Idet- as, because, with, since, taking <br>
| I dag || today
Ifald- if, in case <br>
|-
Ifolge, Ifølge- according, according to <br>
| Iagttage || watch, observe
Ikke- not <br>
|-
Imellem- between<br>
| Iberegne || include
Imod- against, accepted, opposed<br>
|-
Inderste- tenant, renter<br>
| Idet || as, because, with, since, taking
Indfandt- appeared, met<br>
|-
Indgaa- conclude<br>
| Ifald || if, in case
Indgaaet- entered into, concluded, reached, received<br>
|-
Indlæg- contribution, pleading, plea, letter, article, speech, submission, observation<br>
| Ifolge, Ifølge || according, according to
Inddrage- include, involve<br>
|-
Indfandt- materialize <br>
| Ikke || not
Indsidder- tenant, renter<br>
|-
Indtage- take, adopt<br>
| Imellem || between
Indtægt- income, revenue, proceeds<br>
|-
Ingen- no, not, none<br>
| Imod || against, accepted, opposed
Interesse- interest<br>
|-
Intet- no, nothing<br>
| Inderste || tenant, renter
Intægt- asset, income  
|-
| Indfandt- materialize  || appeared, met
|-
| Indgaa || conclude
|-
| Indgaaet || entered into, concluded, reached, received
|-
| Indlæg || contribution, pleading, plea, letter, <br>article, speech, submission, observation
|-
| Inddrage || include, involve
|-
| Indfandt- materialize || materialize
|-
| Indsidder || tenant, renter
|-
| Indtage || take, adopt
|-
| Indtægt || income, revenue, proceeds
|-
| Ingen || no, not, none
|-
| Interesse || interest
|-
| Intet || no, nothing
|-
| Intægt || asset, income
|}


====J====
====J====
{| class="wikitable"
Jeg- I<br>
! Danish !! English
Jer- you, yourselves <br>
|-
Jeres- your, yours <br>
| Jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
Jomfru- maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin<br>
|-
Jord(e)- earth, land, property<br>
| Jeg || I
Jordlig- earthly<br>
|-
Jordseddel- certificate from the probate authority to the deceased's priest, verifying that they had recorded the death. The priest was then allowed to bury the dead.
| Jer || you, yourselves
|-
| Jeres || your, yours
|-
| Jomfru || maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
|-
| Jord(e) || earth, land, property
|-
| Jordlig || earthly
|-
| Jordseddel/Muldseddel || certificates or confirmations from the <br>Probate authorities to the deceased’s <br>priest, that they had received notification <br>and registered the death. The priest <br>was not allowed to bury the dead <br>until the probate authorities had received <br>such notification
|}


====K====
====K====
{| class="wikitable"
Karl- young man, farmhand<br>
! Danish !! English
Kendelse- decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling<br>
|-
Kidre- dear<br>
| Kakkelovn || small stove for light dishes
Kiste- coffin<br>
|-
Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) - Royal, government<br>
| Karl || young man, farmhand
Kongelig- royal <br>
|-
Kom- come<br>
| Kendelse || decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling
Kommer- come, coming, comes<br>
|-
Kommis- commission, commissioner<br>
| Kidre || dear
Kommitterede- nominee, commissioner<br>
|-
Kommunemand- city official<br>
| Kiste || coffin
Kone- wife, married woman<br>
|-
Kongelige (Kl.)- Royal, government<br>
| Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) || Royal, government
Kontorbetjent- office clerk<br>
|-
Kontorchef- head of office staff<br>
| Kongelig || royal
Kontormedhjælper- office clerk<br>
|-
Kost, Kostet- cost, the cost<br>
| Kom || come
Kravede- required<br>
|-
Kun- just, only, only the<br>
| Kommer || come, coming, comes
Kunde- could, might, would; also client, patron<br>
|-
Kundskab- knowledge<br>
| Kommis || commission, commissioner
Kundgjørelse- announcement, notification<br>
|-
Kusine- cousin<br>
| Kommitterede || nominee, commissioner
Kvinde, Qvinde- woman<br>
|-
Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder- godmother<br>
| Kommunemand || city official
Kvindemenneske- woman<br>
|-
Køb, Kjøb- purchase  
| Kone || wife, married woman
|-
| Kongelige (Kl.) || Royal, government
|-
| Kontorbetjent || office clerk
|-
| Kontorchef || head of office staff
|-
| Kontormedhjælper || office clerk
|-
| Kost, Kostet || cost, the cost
|-
| Kravede || required
|-
| Kun || just, only, only the
|-
| Kunde || could, might, would; also client, patron
|-
| Kundskab || knowledge
|-
| Kundgjørelse || announcement, notification
|-
| Kusine || cousin
|-
| Kvinde, Qvinde || woman
|-
| Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder || godmother
|-
| Kvindemenneske || woman
|-
| Køb, Kjøb || purchase
|}


====L====
====L====
{| class="wikitable"
Lagte- pay<br>
! Danish !! English
Landarbejder- farm worker<br>
|-
Landbo- farmer renter<br>
| Lagte- pay || pay
Landbruger- farmer<br>
|-
Laugværge- widow's guardian, chosen by her and usually her brother<br>
| Landarbejder- farm worker || farm worker
Lærte hederlige- learned and honorable<br>
|-
Lejer- tenant<br>
| Landbo- farmer renter || farmer renter
Lensmanden- the constable<br>
|-
Leve- live<br>
| Landbruger || farmer
Levende- living<br>
|-
Leveret- suppied, delivered, provided<br>
| Laugværge || a widow’s guardian who would be <br>present with her during her deceased <br>husband’s probate. Widows had the <br>privilege to choose their <br>own Guardian, which normally was one of <br>her brothers
Lig- equal, similar to<br>
|-
Ligel- ditto<br>
| Lærte hederlige || learned and honorable
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally<br>
|-
Ligesom- like, somewhat, as<br>
| Lejer || tenant
Ligkiste- coffin<br>
|-
Likvidere- liquidate<br>
| Lensmanden || the constable
Livsarvinger- living heirs<br>
|-
Lod- lot, share<br>
| Leve || live
Logerende- tenant, lodger<br>
|-
Lov- law<br>Lovlig- legal<br>
| Levende || living
Lyder saaledes- reads thus<br>
|-
Løbende- current, continuous, standing<br>
| Leveret || suppied, delivered, provided
Løse- resolve, solve  
|-
| Lig || equal, similar to
|-
| Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally || ditto
|-
| Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally || likewise, also, equally
|-
| Ligesom || like, somewhat, as
|-
| Ligkiste || coffin
|-
| Likvidere || liquidate
|-
| Livsarvinger || living heirs
|-
| Lod || lot, share
|-
| Lodseddel/Boslod || Certificate for a share or lot
|-
| Logerende || tenant, lodger
|-
| Lov || law
|-
| Lovlig || legal
|-
| Lyder saaledes || reads thus
|-
| Løbende || current, continuous, standing
|-
| Løse || resolve, solve
|}


====M====
====M====
{| class="wikitable"
m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen")- with guided pen. Usually appears under the signatures of those who could not write.<br>
! Danish !! English
m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”)- with guided pen (see m.f.P.) <br>
|-
M.V., (abbrev. of med videre)- continued, forward<br>
| m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen") || this abbreviation usually appears under the <br>signatures of those witnessing the probate, who <br>either could not write or just needed help with writing
Maa- must, may, should, shall, must be<br>
|-
Madmoder- woman of the house, housewife<br>
| m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”) || abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or <br>“with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”
Magistrat/Magistrate- justice for the peace<br>
|-
Magistrats Gods- magistrate’s estate <br>
| M.V., (abbrev. of med videre) || continued, forward
Maitresse- mistress<br>
|-
Maj- May <br>
| Maa || must, may, should, shall, must be
Maj., Majestæts- majesty<br>
|-
Man- man, husband, one, you, it<br>
| Madmoder || woman of the house, housewife
Mand- man, men<br>
|-
Manden- the man<br>
| Magistrat/Magistrate || justice for the peace
Mandfadder- godfather<br>
|-
Mandkjøn- male <br>
| Magistrats Gods || magistrate’s estate
Med- with, by, of, the<br>
|-
Medmindre- unless<br>
| Maitresse || mistress
Meere, Mere- more, further<br>
|-
Mellem- between <br>
| Maj., Majestæts- majesty || May
Men- but<br>
|-
Mere- more<br>
| Maj., Majestæts || majesty
Middel- medium, average, part<br>
|-
Mindreårige- minors<br>
| Man || man, husband, one, you, it
Moder, Mor- mother <br>
|-
Moderens- the mother <br>
| Mand || man, men
Modt- appeared, met, was present<br>
|-
Modtagen- receive<br>
| Manden || the man
Mor, Moder- mother<br>
|-
Morbroder- mother’s brother, uncle <br>
| Mandfadder || godfather
Morfader, morfar- mother’s father, grandfather<br>
|-
Mormoder, mormor- mother’s mother, grandmother<br>
| Mandkjøn || male
Mortis (Latin)- death<br>
|-
Moster- aunt, mother’s sister<br>
| Mark || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling
Mostermand- mother’s sister’s husband<br>
|-
Muldseddel- see Jordseddel<br>
| Med || with, by, of, the
Myndig- of legal age. The age varied throughout Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18. <br>
|-
Mænd- men<br>
| Medmindre || unless
Mændenes- the men, appraisers<br>
|-
Møde- meeting, appointment<br>
| Meere, Mere || more, further
Mødte, Mødt- met, met with, present, in attendance <br>
|-
Mø- maiden, virgin<br>
| Mellem || between
Må or Maa- do, be, must, may, should<br>
|-
Maad- goal, way, means<br>
| Men || but
Maanad- month  
|-
| Mere || more
|-
| Middel || medium, average, part
|-
| Mindreårige || minors, under age
|-
| Moder, Mor || mother
|-
| Moderens || the mother
|-
| Modt || appeared, met, was present
|-
| Modtagen || receive
|-
| Mor, Moder || mother
|-
| Morbroder || mother’s brother, uncle
|-
| Morfader, morfar || mother’s father, grandfather
|-
| Mormoder, mormor || mother’s mother, grandmother
|-
| Mortis (Latin) || death
|-
| Moster || aunt, mother’s sister
|-
| Mostermand || mother’s sister’s husband
|-
| Muldseddel || see Jordseddel
|-
| Myndig || of legal age. The age varied throughout <br>Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered <br>mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were <br>never recognized as “of age” until 1857, <br>and always had a guardian appointed to them. <br>After 1857, the “of age” age for single <br>women was the same as men. In 1922, <br>everyone was considered “of age” when they <br>turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.  
|-
| Mænd || men
|-
| Mændenes || the men, appraisers
|-
| Møde || meeting, appointment
|-
| Mødte, Mødt || met, met with, present, in attendance
|-
| Mø || maiden, virgin
|-
| Må or Maa || do, be, must, may, should
|-
| Maad || goal, way, means
|-
| Maanad || month
|}


====N====
====N====
{| class="wikitable"
Naar- where, when<br>
! Danish !! English
Nafnlig- namely<br>
|-
Namful- namely<br>
| Naar || where, when
Nati, Natiuitas (Latin)- birth<br>
|-
Navnlig- namely <br>
| Nafnlig || namely
Navnet- name, the name <br>
|-
Nemlig- namely<br>
| Namful || namely
Navn- name <br>
|-
Nedlagt- closed, asks, seeks, claims<br>
| Nati, Natiuitas (Latin) || birth
Nej- no <br>
|-
Nevø- nephew<br>
| Navnet || name, the name
Niece- niece<br>
|-
Noch- also<br>
| Navneklud || embroidery
Nogen- any<br>
|-
Nogen tid siden- sometime before<br>
| Navnlig || namely
Noget- something, anything <br>
|-
Nok- enough<br>
| Nemlig || namely
Nu- now <br>
|-
Nutid- present<br>
| Navn || name
Nuværende- current, present, existing<br>
|-
Nyfder ophold- of age (legal)<br>
| Nedlagt || closed, asks, seeks, claims
Ny, Nyt- new <br>
|-
Næmlig, namely- namely, that is <br>
| Nej || no
Næringsvei- occupation<br>
|-
Næst- next<br>
| Nevø || nephew
Nærværende- present<br>
|-
Når- when, where  
| Niece || niece
|-
| Noch || also
|-
| Nogen || any
|-
| Nogen tid siden || sometime before
|-
| Noget || something, anything
|-
| Nok || enough
|-
| Nu || now
|-
| Nutid || present
|-
| Nuværende || current, present, existing
|-
| Nyfder ophold || of age (legal)
|-
| Ny, Nyt || new
|-
| Næmlig, namely || namely, that is
|-
| Næringsvei || occupation
|-
| Næst || next
|-
| Nærværende || present
|-
| Når || when, where
|}


====O====
====O====
{| class="wikitable"
O.S.V.-etc. <br>
! Danish !! English
Odel- freehold land<br>
|-
Ofververends- attending<br>
| O.S.V. || etc.
Og, Oc, Och- and<br>
|-
Ogfolder- live<br>
| Odel || freehold land
Ogsaa, Også- also <br>
|-
Oktober- October<br>
| Ofververends || attending
Oldefader- great-grandfather <br>
|-
Oldemoder- great-grandmother<br>
| Og, Oc, Och || and
Om- about, in, on <br>
|-
Omkostninger- expenses, costs<br>
| Ogfolder || live
Opdrætte- breed<br>
|-
Opfostringshus- orphanage<br>
| Ogsaa, Også || also
Oplaest- announced, read, spoken<br>
|-
Opgiven- stated, studied<br>
| Oktober || October
Opgjort- calculate, estimate<br>
|-
Opholde sig- reside, stay<br>
| Oldefader || great-grandfather
Opholder- living, staying <br>
|-
Opholdsted- place of residence<br>
| Oldemoder || great-grandmother
Opløbe- finish<br>
|-
Opmærksom- attentive, mindful, aware<br>
| Om || about, in, on
Oplysninger- information, data, details<br>
|-
Ordre- order <br>
| Omkostninger || expenses, costs
Ovenmeldte- above reported<br>
|-
Ovenævnte- above mentioned, aforementioned<br>
| Opdrætte || breed
Overformynderi- trustee (someone who needs a guardian)<br>
|-
Overformynderiet- Guardianship records<br>
| Opfostringshus || orphanage
Overførende- transferring<br>
|-
Overrække- present, give<br>
| Oplaest || announced, read, spoken
Overskydende- excess<br>
|-
Overstige- exceed<br>
| Opgiven || stated, studied
Overværelse- presence, attendance<br>
|-
Overværends- attending  
| Opgjort || calculate, estimate
|-
| Opholde sig || reside, stay
|-
| Opholder || living, staying
|-
| Opholdsted || place of residence
|-
| Opløbe || finish
|-
| Opmærksom || attentive, mindful, aware
|-
| Oplysninger || information, data, details
|-
| Ordre || order
|-
| Ovenmeldte || above reported
|-
| Ovenævnte || above mentioned, aforementioned
|-
| Overformynderi || trustee (someone who needs a guardian)
|-
| Overformynderiet || Guardianship records
|-
| Overførende || transferring
|-
| Overrække || present, give
|-
| Overskydende || excess
|-
| Overstige || exceed
|-
| Overværelse || presence, attendance
|-
| Overværends || attending
|}


====P====
====P====
{| class="wikitable"
p., post- after<br>
! Danish !! English
Paa- on, at, in <br>
|-
Paa grund- because <br>
| p., post || after
Paa stedet- at this place <br>
|-
Paahvileds, Paahvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to<br>
| Paa || on, at, in
Paalagt- order, put on, entrusted<br>
|-
Paaløbende- accrued, incidental<br>Pante- mortgage<br>
| Paa grund || because
Passere- pass<br>
|-
Pastorat- parish<br>
| Paa stedet || at this place
Penge- money<br>
|-
Personerne- the people<br>
| Paahvileds, Paahvile || rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Pige- girl, maid, servant<br>
|-
Pigebarn- girl child<br>
| Paalagt || order, put on, entrusted
Pigen- the maid, that girl <br>
|-
Plasmand- cottager<br>
| Paaløbende || accrued, incidental
Plejebarn- foster child<br>
|-
Plejebørn- foster children<br>
| Pante || mortgage
Plejeforældre- foster parents<br>
|-
Plejemoder- foster mother<br>
| Passere || pass
Plejesøn- foster son<br>Protocol, Protokol- ledger, journal<br>
|-
Pligtmand- tenant<br>
| Pastorat || parish
Proprietær- farmer (large)<br>
|-
Provst- rural dean<br>
| Penge || money
Provsti- deanery<br>
|-
Provstinde- deans wife<br>
| Personerne || the people
Præst, præsten- priest, the priest, clergyman, minister<br>
|-
Præstegield- clerical district<br>
| Pige || girl, maid, servant
Pulitiaduakat- district attorney<br>
|-
Pådømmelse- trial, judgment<br>
| Pigebarn || girl child
Påhvileds, Påhvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to <br>
|-
Påløbende- accrued, incidental<br>
| Pigen || the maid, that girl
Påstod- claimed  
|-
| Plasmand || cottager
|-
| Plejebarn || foster child
|-
| Plejebørn || foster children
|-
| Plejeforældre || foster parents
|-
| Plejemoder || foster mother
|-
| Plejesøn || foster son
|-
| Protocol, Protokol || ledger, journal
|-
| Pligtmand || tenant
|-
| Proprietær || farmer (large)
|-
| Provst || rural dean
|-
| Provsti || deanery
|-
| Provstinde || deans wife
|-
| Præst, præsten || priest, the priest, clergyman, minister
|-
| Præstegield || clerical district
|-
| Pulitiaduakat || district attorney
|-
| Pådømmelse || trial, judgment
|-
| Påhvileds, Påhvile || rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
|-
| Påløbende || accrued, incidental
|-
| Påstod || claimed
|}


====Q====
====Q====
{| class="wikitable"
Qua (Latin)- which, where, what, see, that<br>
! Danish !! English
Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde- woman, the woman<br>
|-
Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn- female gender<br>
| Qua (Latin) || which, where, what, see, that
Qvindemenneske- women  
|-
| Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde || woman, the woman
|-
| Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn || female gender
|-
| Qvindemenneske || women
|}


====R====
====R====
{| class="wikitable"
Raadhusskriver- town hall clerk scribe <br>
! Danish !! English
Raadlighed- command, disposal, available, provided<br>
|-
Raadmand, Rådmand- councilman, alderman<br>
| Raadhusskriver || town hall clerk scribe
Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler)- a former Danish monetary unit.<br>
|-
Realiserede- realized, achieved, actual, recorded<br>
| Raadlighed || command, disposal, available, provided
Realisation- realization<br>
|-
Registrerede- registered <br>
| Raadmand, Rådmand || councilman, alderman
Registering- inventory, registration<br>
|-
Registrering og Vurdering- inventory and appraisal<br>
| Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler) || a former Danish monetary unit.
Renter- interest<br>
|-
Resten- the rest<br>
| Realiserede || realized, achieved, actual, recorded
Resterende- balance, remainder<br>
|-
Resultat- result, profit, earnings<br>
| Realisation || realization
Retlige- legal, the legal, justice<br>
|-
Retsformand- persiding judge<br>
| Registrerede || registered
Retten- court<br>
|-
Ridefoged- bailiff<br>
| Registering || inventory, registration
Rigtighed- accuracy, correctness, truthfulness<br>Rime- agree<br>Rimelig- reasonable, fair, fair price<br>
|-
Rodemester- tax collector<br>
| Registrering og Vurdering || inventory and appraisal
Rådlighed- command, disposal, available, provided<br>
|-
Rådmand, Raadmand- councilman, alderman  
| Renter || interest
|-
| Resten || the rest
|-
| Resterende || balance, remainder
|-
| Resultat || result, profit, earnings
|-
| Retlige || legal, the legal, justice
|-
| Retsformand || persiding judge
|-
| Retten || court
|-
| Ridefoged || bailiff
|-
| Rigsdaller/Rd(l) || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>more than a mark or a skilling
|-
| Rigtighed || accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
|-
| Rime || agree
|-
| Rimelig || reasonable, fair, fair price
|-
| Rodemester || tax collector
|-
| Rådlighed || command, disposal, available, provided
|-
| Rådmand, Raadmand || councilman, alderman
|}


====S====
====S====
{| class="wikitable"
Saa- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since<br>
! Danish !! English
Saadan- such <br>
|-
Saaledes- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows<br>
| Saa || so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Saavel- both<br>
|-
Sabbat- Sabbath <br>
| Saadan || such
Sagen- proceedings<br>
|-
Sagfører- lawyer<br>
| Saaledes || namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Sal., Salig, Salige- deceased <br>
|-
Samling- meeting<br>
| Saavel || both
Sammen- together or same<br>
|-
Sammenaulede-begotten<br>
| Sabbat || Sabbath
Sammenauled-together beget<br>
|-
Sammen avlede- together begotten<br>
| Sagen || proceedings
Sammenleje- living together<br>
|-
Sammenviede- married together <br>
| Sagfører || lawyer
Sammestads- same place<br>
|-
Samt- as well, well as<br>
| Sal., Salig, Salige || deceased
Samtikke, samtykke- consent, agree<br>
|-
Samtlige- all<br>
| Samling || meeting
Sandsynligt- probable, likely<br>
|-
Sedler- banknotes, bills<br>
| Sammen || together or same
Sees- seeing, seen, is seen<br>
|-
Seigneur-Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable<br>
| Sammenaulede || begotten
Self tilhøre- self-owned <br>
|-
Selvejer- owner, freeholder<br>
| Sammenauled || together beget
Set- viewed, seen<br>
|-
Sidste- last<br>
| Sammen avlede || together begotten
Sig- him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the <br>
|-
Sige god- say good (vouch)<br>
| Sammenleje || living together
Signor (French)- Mr. <br>Sin, Sine- its, his, her, there<br>Sind- mind<br>Sit- its, his, her <br>Skabe- create, generate, provide, also cabinets<br>
|-
Sin- his, hers<br>
| Sammenviede || married together
Skal- do, must, to be, should<br>
|-
Skatteopkræver- tax debt, tax charges<br>
| Sammestads || same place
Skeed- given<br>
|-
Skeedte- occurred<br>
| Samt || as well, well as
Skete, Skeed- happened, occurred, did<br>
|-
Skifte- probate <br>
| Samtikke, samtykke || consent, agree
Skifte forretning- probate proceeding<br>
|-
Skiftes foretagelse- probate execution<br>
| Samtlige || all
Skiftes holdelse- probate proceeding<br>
|-
Skifte og Deeling- probate and distribution<br>
| Sandsynligt || probable, likely
Skifteforvalter- probate administrator, probate agent<br>
|-
Skifteomkostningerne- probate costs<br>
| Sedler || banknotes, bills
Skifteprotokoller- probate records <br>
|-
Skifteretten- probate court<br>
| Sees || seeing, seen, is seen
Skiftesamling- probate meeting of heirs<br>
|-
Skifter handling- settlement<br>
| Seigneur || Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable
Skiftet- the probate<br>
|-
Skilde- separate<br>
| Self tilhøre || self-owned
Skjønt- though<br>
|-
Skilling- monetary unit<br>
| Selvejer || owner, freeholder
Skrivelse- letter<br>
|-
Skriver- scribe, clerk<br>
| Set || viewed, seen
Skriverstue- writing room, office<br>
|-
Skulde- should, would, might<br>
| Sidste || last
Skylde- owe<br>
|-
Skøn- estimate, assessment<br>
| Sig || him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the
Sl.,sal.,-deceased <br>
|-
Slagfreds- illegitimate <br>
| Sige god || say good (vouch)
Slagfredsdatter- illegitimate daughter<br>
|-
Slagfredssøn- illegitimate son<br>
| Signor (French) || Mr.
Slutte- finish, end, conclude<br>
|-
Slægt- family, relatives<br>
| Sin, Sine || its, his, her, there
Små- small <br>
|-
Sognebarn- parishioner <br>
| Sind || mind
Sognefoged- sheriff, constable<br>
|-
Solgt- sold<br>
| Sit || its, his, her
Som- as, since, who, which, as, whom, that<br>
|-
Soskendebarn- niece, nephew<br>
| Skabe || create, generate, provide, also cabinets
Spurgte- inquired, asked<br>
|-
Spædbarn- infant, baby<br>
| Sin || his, hers
S(igno)r- Mister<br>
|-
Stads- city<br>
| Skal || do, must, to be, should
Stadboende- city residents<br>
|-
Stedbarn- stepchild<br>
| Skatteopkræver || tax debt, tax charges
Stedbørn- stepchildren<br>
|-
Steddatter- step daughter<br>
| Skeed || given
Stedfader- step father<br>
|-
Stedmoder- step mother<br>
| Skeedte || occurred
Stedsøn- step son<br>
|-
Stervbo, Sterfboen- estate, inventory of the deceased<br>
| Skete, Skeed || happened, occurred, did
Stifbarn- stepchild<br>
|-
Stifbørn- stepchildren<br>
| Skifte || probate
Stift, Stiftet- diocese, the diocese<br>
|-
Stue- ground, room, living room <br>
| Skiftebrevet || probate letter
Stærboet- same place, place where deceased lived<br>
|-
Stævningsmand- baliff sheriff<br>
| Skifte forretning || probate proceeding
Sur- confused<br>
|-
Svigerdatter- daughter-in-law<br>
| Skiftes foretagelse || probate execution
Svigerfader- father-in-law<br>
|-
Svigerinde- sister-in-law<br>
| Skiftes holdelse || probate proceeding
Svigermoder- mother-in-law<br>
|-
Svigersøn-son-in-law<br>
| Skifte og Deeling || probate and distribution
Svoger- brother-in-law<br>
|-
Svogerske- sister-in-law<br>
| Skifteforvalter || probate administrator, probate agent
Sødskende(s)- siblings, sisters<br>
|-
Søn, Sønnen- son, the son<br>
| Skifteomkostningerne || probate costs
Sønnedatter- son’s daughter<br>
|-
Sønnekone- son’s wife<br>
| Skifteprotokoller || probate records
Sønnen- the son<br>
|-
Sønnerne- the sons<br>
| Skifteretten || probate court
Sønnesøn- son’s son<br>
|-
Søskende- siblings<br>
| Skiftesamling || probate meeting of heirs
Søskendebarn- cousins<br>
|-
Søskendefætter- first cousin<br>
| Skifter handling || settlement
Søster- sister<br>
|-
Så- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since<br>
| Skiftet || the probate
Sådan- such, how, to, this<br>
|-
Således- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows<br>
| Skilde || separate
Såvel- both<br>
|-
| Skjønt || though
|-
| Skilling || monetary unit; former Danish monetary unit. <br>Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling
|-
| Skrivelse || letter
|-
| Skriver || scribe, clerk
|-
| Skriverstue || writing room, office
|-
| Skulde || should, would, might
|-
| Skylde || owe
|-
| Skøn || estimate, assessment
|-
| Sl.,sal. || sal.,-deceased
|-
| Slagfreds || illegitimate
|-
| Slagfredsdatter || illegitimate daughter
|-
| Slagfredssøn || illegitimate son
|-
| Slutte || finish, end, conclude
|-
| Slægt || family, relatives
|-
| Små || small
|-
| Sognebarn || parishioner
|-
| Sognefoged || parish bailiff
|-
| Solgt || sold
|-
| Som || as, since, who, which, as, whom, that
|-
| Soskendebarn || niece, nephew
|-
| Spurgte || inquired, asked
|-
| Spædbarn || infant, baby
|-
| S(igno)r || Mister
|-
| Stads || city
|-
| Stadboende || city residents
|-
| Stedbarn || stepchild
|-
| Stedbørn || stepchildren
|-
| Steddatter || step daughter
|-
| Stedfader || step father
|-
| Stedmoder || step mother
|-
| Stedsøn || step son
|-
| Stervbo, Sterfboen || estate, inventory of the deceased
|-
| Stifbarn || stepchild
|-
| Stifbørn || stepchildren
|-
| Stift, Stiftet || diocese, the diocese
|-
| Stue || ground, room, living room
|-
| Stærboet || same place, place where deceased lived
|-
| Stævningsmand || baliff sheriff
|-
| Sur || confused
|-
| Svigerdatter || daughter-in-law
|-
| Svigerfader || father-in-law
|-
| Svigerinde || sister-in-law
|-
| Svigermoder || mother-in-law
|-
| Svigersøn || son-in-law
|-
| Svoger || brother-in-law
|-
| Svogerske || sister-in-law
|-
| Sødskende(s) || siblings, sisters
|-
| Søn, Sønnen || son, the son
|-
| Sønnedatter || son’s daughter
|-
| Sønnekone || son’s wife
|-
| Sønnen || the son
|-
| Sønnerne || the sons
|-
| Sønnesøn || son’s son
|-
| Søskende || siblings
|-
| Søskendebarn || cousins
|-
| Søskendefætter || first cousin
|-
| Søster || sister
|-
| Så || so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
|-
| Sådan || such, how, to, this
|-
| Således || namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
|-
| Såvel || both
|}


====T====
====T====
{| class="wikitable"
Tagelse- making, admission, aquisition, exemption<br>
! Danish !! English
Tager- takes, taking, out, are, does<br>
|-
Taksere- appraise<br>
| Tagelse || making, admission, acquisition, exemption
Tarv- best interests<br>
|-
Tarveligt- simple, poor, shoddy, menial, frugally<br>
| Tager || takes, taking, out, acquisition, does
Testes- witnesses <br>
|-
Tidligere- previously, past<br>
| Taksere || acquisition, appraise
Tiener, tjener, tjeneste- servant<br>
|-
Til- to, for<br>
| Tarv- best interests || acquisition, interests
Tilbud- offer, proposition<br>
|-
Tilbød- offered<br>Tidligere- previously, past, earlier<br>
| Tarveligt || simple, poor, shoddy, acquisition, frugally
Tidligt- early, premature, soon<br>
|-
Tilgodehavender- receivables<br>
| Testes || acquisition, witnesses
Tilhører- belonging to<br>
|-
Tilhørende- belonging, matching, related<br>
| Tidligere || acquisition, past
Tilkendegive- declare, indicate, express, show, inform<br>
|-
Tillade- allow, permit, let<br>
| Tiener, tjener, tjeneste || acquisition, tjeneste- servant
Tillidsmænd- trustees, representatives<br>
|-
Tilladelse- permission <br>
| Til || acquisition, for
Tillige- also, along with, in addition, together<br>
|-
Tilligemed- together, preceded by, also<br>
| Tilbud || acquisition, proposition
Tillynsing- announcement, posting <br>
|-
Tilspurgte- inquired, asked<br>
| Tilbød || acquisition, offered
Tilstand- condition, state, status<br>
|-
Tilstede, til stede- present, in attendance; also permit, grant, allow <br>
| Tidligere || acquisition, earlier
Tilstedeværende- present<br>
|-
Tilstillede- sent, appointed, given<br>
| Tidligt || acquisition, soon
Tilstaa- testify, swear, confirm, acknowledge<br>
|-
Tilstaaelse- confession, admission, acknowledgement<br>
| Tilgodehavender || acquisition, receivables
Tilsvar- chargable amount<br>
|-
Tilsvarende- corresponding, equivalent, similar, comparable; also liable, responsible for<br>
| Tilhører || acquisition, to
Tilsværge- swear<br>
|-
Tilsynsværge- legal guardian<br>
| Tilhørende || acquisition, related
Tiltage- increase, grow<br>
|-
Tiltale- prosecute, charge, address, speak to<br>
| Tilkendegive || declare, indicate, express, acquisition, inform
Ting- court<br>
|-
Tingmanden- court officer<br>
| Tillade || acquisition, let
Tjenende- serving<br>
|-
Tjener, tiener- serve<br>
| Tillidsmænd || acquisition, representatives
Troloved, trolovet- engaged<br>
|-
Trykt- printed<br>
| Tilladelse || acquisition, permission
Tømmer- timber<br>
|-
Tømrer- carpentry  
| Tillige || also, along with, acquisition, together
|-
| Tilligemed || acquisition, also
|-
| Tillynsing || acquisition, posting
|-
| Tilspurgte || acquisition, asked
|-
| Tilstand || acquisition, status
|-
| Tilstede, til stede || til, stede- present, present, in attendance; also permit, acquisition, allow
|-
| Tilstedeværende || acquisition, present
|-
| Tilstillede || acquisition, given
|-
| Tilstaa || testify, swear, acquisition, acknowledge
|-
| Tilstaaelse || acquisition, acknowledgement
|-
| Tilsvar || acquisition, amount
|-
| Tilsvarende || corresponding, equivalent, similar, acquisition, responsible for
|-
| Tilsværge || acquisition, swear
|-
| Tilsynsværge || acquisition, guardian
|-
| Tiltage || acquisition, grow
|-
| Tiltale || prosecute, charge, acquisition, speak to
|-
| Ting || acquisition, court
|-
| Tingmanden || acquisition, officer
|-
| Tjenende || acquisition, serving
|-
| Tjener, tiener || acquisition, tiener- serve
|-
| Troloved, trolovet || acquisition, trolovet- engaged
|-
| Trykt || acquisition, printed
|-
| Tømmer || acquisition, timber
|-
| Tømrer || acquisition, carpentry
|}


====U====
====U====
{| class="wikitable"
Ubetydelig- insignificant<br>
! Danish !! English
Udbetal, udbetaling- cash, cash out, withdraw, payment<br>
|-
Udgang- end, exit, output<br>
| Ubetydelig || insignificant
Udelt- undivided, entirely<br>
|-
Uden- without <br>
| Udbetal, udbetaling || cash, cash out, withdraw, payment
Ude- out, away<br>
|-
Uden- without<br>
| Udgang || end, exit, output
Udflytning- moving out<br>
|-
Udgift- expense, cost<br>
| Udelt || undivided, entirely
Udi- in, at, of, from<br>
|-
Udlagt- laid out, reported<br>
| Uden || without
Udlæg- costs, outlay, expenses<br>
|-
Udnævnte-appointed <br>
| Ude || out, away
Udskifteligt- replacable, removable, interchangable<br>
|-
Udøbt- unbaptized<br>
| Uden || without
Uge- week <br>
|-
Uger- weeks <br>
| Udflytning || moving out
Ugift- unmarried <br>
|-
Umage, Umagelig- effort, pains, uncomfortable<br>
| Udgift || expense, cost
Umindelig- as far as can be remembered, immemorial<br>
|-
Umulig, Umuligt- impossible <br>
| Udi || in, at, of, from
Umyndig- underage, minor<br>
|-
Umyndiges vegne- minors behalf <br>
| Udlagt || laid out, reported
Umådelig- extremely, immensely<br>
|-
Unde- underage; also give, wish, grant<br>
| Udlæg || costs, outlay, expenses
Under- under<br>
|-
Underrets dommer- court judge-lower<br>
| Udnævnte || appointed
Underrretssay Fører- court judge lower<br>
|-
Underskrevet- undersigned<br>
| Udskifteligt || replacable, removable, interchangable
Underskrevne- signed <br>
|-
Undertegnede- the undersigned<br>
| Udøbt || unbaptized
Undgaas- avoided<br>
|-
Undladt, Undlod- failed, omited, left undone<br>
| Uge || week
Undtagen- except <br>
|-
Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor <br>
| Uger || weeks
Ugift- unmarried <br>
|-
Ung- young<br>
| Ugift || unmarried
Uskiftet bo (boe)- unprobated estate, undivided estate <br>
|-
Utlagt, udladt- announced, reported<br>
| Umage, Umagelig || effort, pains, uncomfortable
Uægte- illegitimate <br>
|-
| Umindelig || as far as can be remembered, immemorial
|-
| Umulig, Umuligt || impossible
|-
| Umyndig || underage, minor
|-
| Umyndiges vegne || minors behalf
|-
| Umådelig || extremely, immensely
|-
| Unde || underage; also give, wish, grant
|-
| Under || under
|-
| Underrets dommer || court judge-lower
|-
| Underrretssay Fører || court judge lower
|-
| Underskrevet || undersigned
|-
| Underskrevne || signed
|-
| Undertegnede || the undersigned
|-
| Undgaas || avoided
|-
| Undladt, Undlod || failed, omited, left undone
|-
| Undtagen || except
|-
| Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor || bachelor
|-
| Ugift || unmarried
|-
| Ung || young
|-
| Uskiftet bo (boe) || unprobated estate, undivided estate
|-
| Utlagt, udladt || announced, reported
|-
| Uægte || illegitimate
|}


====V and W====
====V and W====
{| class="wikitable"
Vanvittig- retarded<br>
! Danish !! English
Var, Varnede, Værende, Været- was, were, being, been<br>
|-
Ved- at or by<br>
| Vanvittig || retarded
Vedbørlig- legal<br>
|-
Ved Døden er afgaaet- with death has departed, who died<br>
| Var, Varnede, Værende, Været || was, were, being, been
Vederlag- compensation, renumeration, proceeds<br>
|-
Vedgå- admit, own, acknowledge <br>
| Ved || at or by
Vedkomme, Vedkommende- person concerned <br>
|-
Vegne, Wegen- behalf<br>
| Vedbørlig || legal
Velædle- noble<br>
|-
Velbegavet- well endowed<br>
| Ved Døden er afgaaet || with death has departed, who died
Vel som- well as (saa vel som- as well as), unable<br>
|-
Velbe., Vel begavet- well endowed<br>
| Vederlag || compensation, renumeration, proceeds
Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige- noble lineage<br>
|-
Vellærde- well educated<br>
| Vedgå || admit, own, acknowledge
Vid- wide, extensive, open; also wit<br>
|-
Vide- know<br>
| Vedkomme, Vedkommende || person concerned
Videre- further, forward, continue<br>
|-
Vidner- witnesses<br>
| Vegne, Wegen || behalf
Vidste- did, knew, know, did not know<br>
|-
Vil, Vilde- shall, would, want, will<br>
| Velædle || noble
Villig- willing, prepared, ready<br>
|-
Vis- show, certain, view, some, degree<br>
| Velbegavet || well endowed
Vitterlig- known<br>
|-
Vitterlighedsmænd- witnesses, notaries, attestors<br>
| Vel som || as well as), unable
Vor- our<br>
|-
Vurder- rate, assess, evaluate<br>
| Velbe., Vel begavet || well endowed
Vurdere- to value, price, appraise<br>
|-
Vurderet, Vurderede- assessed, appraised<br>
| Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige || noble lineage
Vurdering- appraisal, evaluation, estimation <br>
|-
Vurderingsmand- appraiser<br>
| Vellærde || well educated
Vurderingsmænd- appraisers<br>
|-
Værd- worth, value<br>
| Vid || wide, extensive, open; also wit
Være- be, have, to be, to <br>
|-
Værende umlyndige- being minors<br>
| Vide || know
Værende- living<br>
|-
Været- been<br>
| Videre || further, forward, continue
Værge- guardian, typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father.
|-
| Vidner || witnesses
|-
| Vidste || did, knew, know, did not know
|-
| Vil, Vilde || shall, would, want, will
|-
| Villig || willing, prepared, ready
|-
| Vis || show, certain, view, some, degree
|-
| Vitterlig || known
|-
| Vitterlighedsmænd || witnesses, notaries, attestors
|-
| Vor || our
|-
| Vurder || rate, assess, evaluate
|-
| Vurdere || to value, price, appraise
|-
| Vurderet, Vurderede || assessed, appraised
|-
| Vurdering || appraisal, evaluation, estimation
|-
| Vurderingsmand || appraiser
|-
| Vurderingsmænd || appraisers
|-
| Værd || worth, value
|-
| Være || be, have, to be, to
|-
| Værende umlyndige || being minors
|-
| Værende || living
|-
| Været || been
|-
| Værge || guardian. All minors (umyndige) were appointed <br>a guardian, after a parents death, to <br>represent them throughout the probate process. <br>The Guardian appointed was typically the father’s <br>eldest brother (if the father had died), or the <br>father himself (if the mother had died). By law, <br>the guardian must be from the father’s side <br>unless there were no living male relatives <br>of the father, in which case the guardian <br>would be from the mother’s male relatives
|}


====Y====
====Y====
{| class="wikitable"
Yderligere- additonal, more<br>
! Danish !! English
Ydre- outer<br>
|-
Ygste- youngest<br>
| Yderligere || additonal, more
Ytre- utter, express, speak  
|-
| Ydre || outer
|-
| Ygste ||  youngest
|-
| Ytre || utter, express, speak
|}


====Æ====
====Æ====
{| class="wikitable"
Ægte- real, true, authentic, legitimate <br>
! Danish !! English
Ægteskab- marriage <br>
|-
Ældste- oldest<br>
| Ægte ||  real, true, authentic, legitimate  
Æta (Latin)- age<br>
|-
Ætas (Latin)- age, days, time, period  
| Ægteskab || marriage  
|-
| Ældste || oldest
|-
| Æta (Latin) || age
|-
| Ætas (Latin) || age, days, time, period
|}


====Ø====
====Ø====
{| class="wikitable"
Øge- increase<br>
! Danish !! English
Ønsker- do, want, wish, need<br>
|-
Øvrige- other, additional, remaining  
| Øge ||  increase
|-
| Ønsker || do, want, wish, need
|-
| Øvrige || other, additional, remaining
|}


====Å====
====Å====
{| class="wikitable"
År- year<br>
! Danish !! English
 
|-
=== Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates<br>  ===
| År || year
 
|}
A<br>aag, åg- shoulder yoke for carrying buckets<br>arbejdsvogn- wagon
 
B<br>bagetrug- bakers trough for kneading dough<br>baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd- wooden tub with iron bands<br>band- bands<br>baandknif, båndkniv- small chopping knife<br>becken, bækken- pan containing hot coals to heat the bed<br>beester- beasts<br>bench- bench<br>beholder- container<br>benklæder, beenklæder- trousers<br>beslag- brackets, hardware<br>beslagen vogn- wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood<br>besætningen- herd<br>bilægerkakkelovn- stove<br>bismer- small portable scale<br>blaa, blå- blue<br>blaargarns, blårgarns- wool or linen cloth<br>blaastribed- blue striped<br>blick, blech lygte- small portable tin lamp<br>boghylde- bookshelf<br>bor- auger<br>bord- table<br>bornholmer- grandfather clock<br>bryggerkedel- brewing kettle<br>bryggkar, bryggekar- brewing vat<br>brystdug- vest<br>brændevin- alcohol<br>bukser, buxer- trousers<br>bulle, bol- a short top for women<br>bul øxe, buløkse- forest ax<br>bænk- bench<br>bæster- beasts<br>båbdknif- small chopping knife
 
C<br>carter- cards for carding wool
 
D<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest of drawers<br>drejels, dreeils- hinge, pivot<br>driftetrug, drøftetrug- low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet<br>dørslag- colander<br>dørslag- colander
 
E<br>ege, eege- oak<br>egebord- oak table<br>egedragkiste- oak chest<br>egekar oak vat<br>egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest<br>drægtig- pregnant (livestock)<br>drejels, dreeils- finer type fabric<br>drifte trug, drøfte trug- grain cleaning trough<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet
 
F<br>faar- sheep<br>filtes- felted, made of felt<br>fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg<br>fleske olle- meat brining vat<br>forklæde- apron<br>fyrre- pine<br>fyrrebord- pine desk<br>føl, følle- foal<br>får- sheep<br>får med grøde- pregnant sheep
 
G<br>garvinde- yarn reel<br>gestlinge- goslings<br>giæs- geese<br>giæs med grøde- geese with goslings<br>glas- glass<br>graa, grå- gray<br>gravspade, grevespade- grave spade<br>greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle<br>grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets<br>gryde- pot<br>gul- yellow<br>grøn- green<br>grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)<br>gæs, giæs- geese<br>gæslinger, geslinge- goslings
 
H<br>haand qvern, håndkværn- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing<br>haandøxe, håndøkse- hand ax<br>haankattunsklæder, håndklæder-towels<br>hakkebret, hakkebræt- chopping board<br>halskobbel, halskoppel- horse harness<br>halstørklæde- scarf or muffler<br>hampe- hemp<br>hand qvern- hand mill<br>haspe- type of yarn winder<br>hat- hat<br>hauger, haver- removable wagon sides<br>hempharve, harver- harrow or cultivator<br>hengeskab- hanging cupboard<br>hest, hæst - horse<br>hestføl- very young foal<br>hestplag- colt<br>himmelseng- poster bed<br>hingst- stallion<br>hingsteføl- very young foal<br>hjørneskab- corner cabinet<br>hoppe- mare<br>hose- hose, knitted long stockings<br>hoveddyne- pillow<br>hovedpude, hoved pude- pillow<br>hue- cap<br>huge block, huggeblok- chopping block<br>hvergarns- linsey-woolsey<br>hvid- white<br>hæst, hest- horse<br>høelee, høle- scythe<br>hør- linen<br>hørlærritz, hørlærred- made of linen<br>håndklæder-towels<br>håndkværn, haand qvern- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing


== Household and Farm Items ==
I<br>ildtag- fire poker
''Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates''
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
! A !!
|-
| aag, åg || shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
|-
| alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
| alkove || alcove, bed closed with doors or curtains, shared by 2-3 people
|-
| arbejdsvogn || wagon
|}


====B====
J<br>jakke- jacket<br>jern- iron, stove<br>jernbilæggerkakkelovn- stove<br>jernbaand, jernbånd- iron bands<br>jernbismer- small portable scale made of iron<br>jerngryde- iron pot<br>jernpande- iron pan<br>jern vægge- iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
{| class="wikitable"
! B !!
|-
| bagetrug ||  bakers trough for kneading dough
|-
| baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd ||  wooden tub with iron bands
|-
| band || bands
|-
| baandknif, båndkniv || small chopping knife
|-
| becken, bækken || pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
|-
| beester || beasts
|-
| bench || bench
|-
| beholder || container
|-
| benklæder, beenklæder || trousers
|-
| beslag || brackets, hardware
|-
| beslagen vogn || wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
|-
| besætningen || herd
|-
| bikube || beehive
|-
| bilægerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| bimpel || small barrel, used for transporting beer to/from the fields
|-
| bismer || small portable scale
|-
| blaa, blå || blue
|-
| blaargarns, blårgarns || wool or linen cloth
|-
| blaastribed || blue striped
|-
| blick, blech lygte || small portable tin lamp
|-
| boghylde || bookshelf
|-
| bor || auger
|-
| bord || table
|-
| bornholmer || grandfather clock
|-
| bryggerkedel || brewing kettle
|-
| bryggkar, bryggekar || brewing vat
|-
| brystdug || vest
|-
| brændevin || alcohol
|-
| bukser, buxer ||  trousers
|-
| bulle, bol || a short top for women
|-
| bul øxe, buløkse || forest ax
|-
| bænk || bench
|-
| bæster || beasts
|-
| båbdknif || small chopping knife
|}


====C====
K<br>kaabe- cloak<br>kaaber- copper<br>kaarsklæder- light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat<br>kakkelovn- stove<br>kalfve, kalve- calf<br>kande- jug<br>kappe- cloak<br>kar- vessel, vat<br>karter- wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn<br>karstol- three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs<br>kasket- cap<br>kartuns, kattuns- made of cotton<br>keddle, kiedel- kettle<br>kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kierne- churn<br>kiol- mens formal jacket<br>kiør- cows<br>kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kjole- men's formal jacket<br>kjole og hvidt- women's formal dress<br>kiste- chest<br>klæde kiste- dress chest<br>klæde skab- wardrobe, upright clothes chest<br>knapper- buttons<br>kniplinger- lace<br>kniv- knife<br>koe, ko- cow<br>komfur- stove<br>konvolut- cap<br>kopper- copper<br>kornharpe- type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain<br>krave- collar<br>krukke- crock<br>kuvert- hat<br>krave- cows<br>krus- pottery mug<br>kvern- mill<br>kvie, qvie- heifer<br>kviekalve- heifer calf<br>kvæg, qveeg- cattle<br>kærne- churn<br>køer- cows<br>kørekappe- driving jacket, cloak, or cap<br>kåbe- cloak
{| class="wikitable"
! C !!
|-
| carter || cards for carding wool
|}


====D====
L
{| class="wikitable"
! D !!
|-
| degntrug || wooden trough for bread kneading
|-
| dejtrug || dough trough, used for kneading and raising bread overnight
|-
| dragkiste || chest of drawers
|-
| drejels, dreeils || hinge, pivot
|-
| driftetrug, drøftetrug || low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
|-
| drægtig|| pregnant (livestock)
|-
| drøftetrug || sifting trough, used to clean chaff from the grain
|-
| dug || cloth, tablecloth
|-
| dyne || quilt, duvet
|-
| dørslag || colander
|-
| dørslag || colander
|}


====E====
lagen- sheet<br>lam, lamb- lamb<br>lehnestoel, lænestol- armchairs<br>ler- clay<br>leerfad, lerfad- pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.<br>lin, liin- linen<br>lyddæmper- muffler<br>lysesaks, lyse sax- candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge<br>læder- leather<br>lædersele- leather harness for a horse<br>lænestol, lehnestoel- armchairs<br>løgte- lamp
{| class="wikitable"
! E !!
|-
| ege, eege || oak
|-
| egebord || oak table
|-
| egedragkiste- oak chest || oak chest
|-
| egekar oak vat || oak vat
|-
| egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock || keepsake box, sometimes with a lock
|-
|}


====F====
M<br>madskab- wooden upright food pantry<br>mangle fiel og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>manglebrædt og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>malkekande, mælkekande- milk jug<br>malet- painted<br>messing- brass<br>messingbækken- brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed<br>meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered- iron tool for harvesting corn<br>morter- mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)<br>møbler- furniture<br>mønstrede- patterned
{| class="wikitable"
! F !!
|-
| faar- sheep || sheep
|-
| filtes- felted, made of felt || felted, made of felt
|-
| fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg || a tub that can hold 25 kg
|-
| fleske olle- meat brining vat || meat brining vat
|-
| fluefanger || fly catcher
|-
| forklæde- apron || apron
|-
| fuglebur || birdcage
|-
| fyrre- pine || pine
|-
| fyrrebord- pine desk || pine desk
|-
| føl, følle- foal || foal
|-
| får- sheep || sheep
|-
| får med grøde- pregnant sheep || pregnant sheep
|}


====G====
N<br>nattrøye- night shirt<br>naur- auger<br>nederdel- skirt
{| class="wikitable"
! G !!
|-
| garvinde- yarn reel || yarn reel
|-
| gestlinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| giæs- geese || geese
|-
| giæs med grøde- geese with goslings || geese with goslings
|-
| glas- glass || glass
|-
| graa, grå- gray || gray
|-
| gravspade, grevespade- grave spade || grave spade
|-
| greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle || grip, level, handle
|-
| grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets || piglets
|-
| gryde- pot || pot
|-
| gul- yellow || yellow
|-
| grøn- green || green
|-
| grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock) || pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
|-
| gæs, giæs- geese || geese
|-
| gæslinger, geslinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| gåse-hilde || goose tether
|}


====H====
O<br>okse- ox<br>olmerdug, ulmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>olle- oil<br>otting- container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg<br>overdyne- duvet cover<br>ovn- stove
{| class="wikitable"
! H !!
|-
| haand qvern, håndkværn || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
|-
| haandøxe, håndøkse || hand ax
|-
| haankattunsklæder, håndklæder || towels
|-
| hakkebret, hakkebræt || chopping board
|-
| hakkekniv || chopping knife
|-
| halskobbel, halskoppel || horse harness
|-
| halstørklæde || scarf or muffler
|-
| hampe || hemp
|-
| hand qvern || hand mill
|-
| haspe || type of yarn winder
|-
| hat || hat
|-
| hauger, haver || removable wagon sides
|-
| hempharve, harver || harrow or cultivator
|-
| hengeskab || hanging cupboard
|-
| hest, hæst || horse
|-
| hestføl || very young foal
|-
| hestplag || colt
|-
| himmelseng || poster bed/canopy bed
|-
| hingst || stallion
|-
| hingsteføl || very young foal
|-
| hjørneskab || corner cabinet
|-
| hoppe || mare
|-
| hose || hose, knitted long stockings
|-
| hoveddyne || pillow
|-
| hovedpude, hoved pude || pillow
|-
| hue || cap
|-
| huge block, huggeblok ||  chopping block
|-
| huggehus || workshop
|-
| hvergarns || linsey-woolsey
|-
| hvid || white
|-
| hæst, hest || horse
|-
| høelee, høle || scythe
|-
| hør || linen
|-
| hørlærritz, hørlærred || made of linen
|-
| håndklæder || towels
|-
| håndkværn, haand qvern || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
|}


====I====
P<br>pande- pan<br>papir- paper<br>penge- cash<br>peber qvern, peverkværn- pepper mill<br>plag- colt<br>plove- plow<br>plove med behor- plow with accessories<br>porcellæn- porcelain<br>prykket- dotted<br>pude, puude- pillow<br>pudevår- pillowcases<br>pynteærmer- interchangable dress sleeves<br>pyntetørklæde- decorative scarf<br>pyramide- pyramid-shaped shelf
{| class="wikitable"
! I !!
|-
| ildtag || fire poker
|}


====J====
Q<br>qveeg, kvæg- cattle<br>qvern- mill<br>qvie, kvie- heifer<br>qvie kalfe- heifer calf
{| class="wikitable"
! J !!
|-
| jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
|-
| jakke || jacket
|-
| jern || iron, stove
|-
| jernbilæggerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| jernbaand, jernbånd || iron bands
|-
| jernbismer || small portable scale made of iron
|-
| jerngryde || iron pot
|-
| jernpande || iron pan
|-
| jern vægge || iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
|}


====K====
R<br>rede penge- ready cash<br>redskaber- tools<br>rist- 3-legged grill rack<br>riveiern, rivegern- grater<br>rok- spinning wheel<br>rød- red
{| class="wikitable"
! K !!
|-
| kaabe || cloak
|-
| kaaber || copper
|-
| kaarsklæder || light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
|-
| kakkelovn || stove
|-
| kalfve, kalve || calf
|-
| kande || jug
|-
| kappe || cloak
|-
| kar || vessel, vat
|-
| karter || wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
|-
| karstol || three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
|-
| kasket || cap
|-
| kartuns, kattuns || made of cotton
|-
| keddle, kiedel || kettle
|-
| kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kierne || churn
|-
| kiol || mens formal jacket
|-
| kiør || cows
|-
| kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kjole || men's formal jacket
|-
| kjole og hvidt || women's formal dress
|-
| kiste || chest
|-
| klinket fad || mended dish, sometimes mended with staples inserted in small drilled holes
|-
| klæde kiste || dress chest
|-
| klæde skab || wardrobe, upright clothes chest
|-
| knapper || buttons
|-
| kniplinger || lace
|-
| kniv || knife
|-
| koe, ko || cow
|-
| komfur || stove
|-
| konvolut || cap
|-
| kopper || copper
|-
| kornharpe || type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
|-
| krave || collar
|-
| krukke || crock
|-
| kuvert || hat
|-
| krage til flæsk || bacon rack, for smoking meat in the chimney
|-
| krave || cows
|-
| krus || pottery mug
|-
| kvern || mill
|-
| kvie, qvie || heifer
|-
| kviekalve- heifer calf || heifer calf
|-
| kvæg, qveeg || cattle
|-
| kærne || churn
|-
| køer || cows
|-
| kørekappe || driving jacket, cloak, or cap
|-
| kåbe || cloak
|}


====L====
S<br>saks, sax- scissors<br>saltkar- small salt container<br>selde- flat straw basket for sifting flour<br>seletøj- harness for a horse<br>seng- bed<br>sengested- bedstead<br>serker, særke- petticoat<br>siebøtte- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sigte- sieve<br>sikar- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sjal- shawl<br>skab- cabinet<br>ske, skeer- spoon, spoons<br>skieppe, skæppe- 20-liter container<br>skind- skins, pelts, or leather<br>skindbuxor- buckskin pants<br>skiorte, skjorte- shirt<br>skiær, skære bænk- cutting bench, workbench<br>skiære kiiste, skærekiste- "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed<br>skielderier, skilderier- painting or photgraph<br>sko, skoe- shoes<br>skære (skiær) bænk og kniv- cutting table and knife<br>skørt, skiordt- skirt<br>slagbenk, slagbænk- daybed, bench<br>sliibe steen, slibesten- grindstones<br>slæde- sled<br>småsvin- piglets<br>sold- sieve or screen<br>spade- spade or shovel<br>spand- bucket<br>spejl- mirror<br>spinderok- spinning wheel<br>spisebord- dining table<br>spender, spænder- buckles<br>spæde kalve- infant calf<br>stager- candlesticks, usually with a stand<br>standtønder- food storage barrels<br>stander seng- floor bed<br>steen kruuse med laag- tea mug with lid<br>stegepande- frying pan<br>stettins tallerken- tin-enameled plate<br>stie, stige- laddar<br>stol, stoele, stole- chair, chairs<br>stort- large, high<br>stribet- striped<br>strippe- wooden scoop<br>strygejern- an iron<br>strømber, strømper- stockings<br>stud kalv, studekalv- steer calf<br>studlinge- steer calf<br>stueur, stueuhr- clock<br>støvler- boots<br>sviin, svin- pigs<br>sæde- seat
{| class="wikitable"
! L !!
|-
| lagen || sheet
|-
| lam, lamb || lamb
|-
| langbænk || bench, used at a dining table
|-
| lehnestoel, lænestol || armchairs
|-
| ler || clay
|-
| leerfad, lerfad || pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
|-
| lin, liin || linen
|-
| lyddæmper || muffler
|-
| lysesaks, lyse sax || candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
|-
| lysestøbekar || candle maker
|-
| læder || leather
|-
| lædersele || leather harness for a horse
|-
| lænestol, lehnestoel || armchairs
|-
| løgte || lamp
|}


====M====
T<br>tabel- table<br>taburet, taberet- stool<br>taft- taffeta<br>tallerkne, tallerken- plate<br>tavle- table<br>tel økse, tælleøkse- small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward<br>tengsel- small ax for hollowing out wood<br>ternet- checkered<br>thepotte- teapot<br>tilbehør- attachments, accessories<br>tin- tin or pewter<br>tinkrus, tinkruus- tin cup<br>tintalerkener- tin or pewter plate<br>tragt- funnel<br>trefoder- tripod for placing cookware over a fire<br>tromle- barrel or drum<br>trug- trough<br>træ- wooden<br>træbismer- small portable wooden scale<br>trækar- wooden container<br>træskoe, træsko- wooden shoes<br>træhaver, træe haver- wooden extensions for wagon sides<br>trøje- sweater<br>tækkelad- a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching<br>tøj- clothes<br>tønde- barrel<br>tørklæde- head scarf<br>tørvespade- peat spade
{| class="wikitable"
! M !!
|-
| madskab || wooden upright food pantry
|-
| mangle fiel og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| manglebrædt og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| malkekande, mælkekande || milk jug
|-
| malet || painted
|-
| messing || brass
|-
| messingbækken || brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
|-
| meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered || iron tool for harvesting corn
|-
| morter || mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
|-
| møbler || furniture
|-
| mønstrede || patterned
|}


====N====
U<br>ulmerdug, olmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>underkjole- petticoat<br>underdyne- type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side <br>ungsvin- young pig
{| class="wikitable"
! N !!
|-
| nattrøye || night shirt
|-
| naur || auger
|-
| navneklud || embroidery
|-
| nederdel || skirt
|}


====O====
V<br>vaar, vår- pillowcases<br>vadmel- homespun<br>vandspand- water bucket<br>vanter- mittens<br>vest- vest<br>vin- wine<br>vindovn- stove with combustion door facing the living room<br>vogn- wagon<br>vraaskab- corner cabinet<br>vugge- crib<br>væder, vædder- ram<br>vægge- wedge
{| class="wikitable"
! O !!
|-
| okse || ox
|-
| olmerdug, ulmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| olle || oil
|-
| omdannet ostekar || re-used cheese vat
|-
| otting || container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
|-
| overdyne || duvet cover
|-
| ovn || stove
|}


====P====
Æ<br>ærmer- loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
{| class="wikitable"
! P !!
|-
| pande || pan
|-
| papir || paper
|-
| penge || cash
|-
| peber qvern, peverkværn || pepper mill
|-
| plag || colt
|-
| plove || plow
|-
| plove med behor || plow with accessories
|-
| porcellæn || porcelain
|-
| prykket || dotted
|-
| pude, puude || pillow
|-
| pudevår || pillowcases
|-
| pynteærmer || interchangable dress sleeves
|-
| pyntetørklæde || decorative scarf
|-
| pyramide, pyramidehylde || pyramid-shaped shelf, used for displaying a household's finest items until abt 1920s-1930s
|}


====Q====
Ø<br>øl, ølle- ale, beer<br>ølflaske- beer bottle<br>øl kande, ølkande- beer jug or pitcher<br>øltragt, ølle tragt- funnel for pouring beer into bottles<br>øreballie, ørebalje- wooden tub with ear-shaped handles<br>øxe, økse- ax<br>
{| class="wikitable"
! Q !!
|-
| qveeg, kvæg || cattle
|-
| qvern || mill
|-
| qvie, kvie || heifer
|-
| qvie kalfe || heifer calf
|}


====R====
=== Websites  ===
{| class="wikitable"
! R !!
|-
| rede penge || ready cash
|-
| redskaber || tools
|-
| rist || 3-legged grill rack
|-
| riveiern, rivegern || grater
|-
| roekniv || beet knife
|-
| rok || spinning wheel
|-
| rød || red
|}


====S====
*'''1674 - 1851''' - {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images
{| class="wikitable"
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
! S !!
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Fights and Shifts]
|-
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - Probate extractions for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, NOT just those related to me, a given surname or area. Also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjaelland.
| saks, sax || scissors
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Probate extractions ('skifteuddrag')] for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country. In Danish only.
|-
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish only.
| saltkar || small salt container
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish only.
|-
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish only.
| selde || flat straw basket for sifting flour
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish only.
|-
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
| seletøj || harness for a horse
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Probate records]
|-
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s Denmark Probate Records]  In Danish only.
| seng || bed
|-
| sengested || bedstead
|-
| serker, særke || petticoat
|-
| siebøtte || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sigte || sieve
|-
| sikar || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sjal || shawl
|-
| skab || cabinet
|-
| ske, skeer || spoon, spoons
|-
| skieppe, skæppe || 20-liter container
|-
| skind || skins, pelts, or leather
|-
| skindbuxor || buckskin pants
|-
| skiorte, skjorte || shirt
|-
| skiær, skære bænk || cutting bench, workbench
|-
| skiære kiiste, skærekiste || "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
|-
| skielderier, skilderier || painting or photgraph
|-
| sko, skoe || shoes
|-
| skæppemål || bushel measure; abt 1/8 of a grain barrel, or about 17 liters
|-
| skære (skiær) bænk og kniv || cutting table and knife
|-
| skørt, skiordt || skirt
|-
| slagbenk, slagbænk || daybed, bench
|-
| sliibe steen, slibesten || grindstones
|-
| slæde || sled
|-
| småsvin || piglets
|-
| snittebænk | cutting bench, work bench
|-
| sold || sieve or screen
|-
| spade || spade or shovel
|-
| spand || bucket
|-
| spejl || mirror
|-
| spinderok || spinning wheel
|-
| spisebord || dining table
|-
| spiserkammer || pantry
|-
| spender, spænder || buckles
|-
| spæde kalve || infant calf
|-
| stager || candlesticks, usually with a stand
|-
| stampekærne || butter/cream churn
|-
| standtønder || food storage barrels
|-
| stander seng || floor bed
|-
| steen kruuse med laag || tea mug with lid
|-
| stegepande || frying pan
|-
| stenform || brick mold
|-
| stettins tallerken || tin-enameled plate
|-
| stie, stige || laddar
|-
| stol, stoele, stole || chair, chairs
|-
| stort || large, high
|-
| stribet || striped
|-
| strippe || wooden scoop
|-
| strygejern || an iron, typically used on smaller items; early irons were made of brass, 18th/19th century irons were made of cast iron
|-
| strømber, strømper || stockings
|-
| stud kalv, studekalv || steer calf
|-
| studlinge || steer calf
|-
| stueur, stueuhr || clock
|-
| støvler || boots
|-
| sukkertang || sugar cutter
|-
| sulekammer || larder
|-
| sviin, svin || pigs
|-
| sæde || seat
|}


====T====
== References  ==
{| class="wikitable"
! T !!
|-
| tabel || table
|-
| taburet, taberet || stool
|-
| taft || taffeta
|-
| tallerkne, tallerken || plate
|-
| tavle || table
|-
| tel økse, tælleøkse || small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
|-
| tengsel || small ax for hollowing out wood
|-
| ternet || checkered
|-
| thepotte || teapot
|-
| tilbehør || attachments, accessories
|-
| tin || tin or pewter
|-
| tinkrus, tinkruus || tin cup
|-
| tintalerkener || tin or pewter plate
|-
| tragt || funnel
|-
| trefoder || tripod for placing cookware over a fire
|-
| tromle || barrel or drum
|-
| tronestole || throne (chair)
|-
| trug || trough
|-
| træ || wooden
|-
| træbismer || small portable wooden scale
|-
| trækar || wooden container
|-
| træskoe, træsko || wooden shoes
|-
| træhaver, træe haver || wooden extensions for wagon sides
|-
| trøje || sweater
|-
| tækkelad || a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
|-
| tøj || clothes
|-
| tønde || barrel
|-
| tørklæde || head scarf
|-
| tørvespade || peat spade
|}


====U====
{{reflist}}  
{| class="wikitable"
! U !!
|-
| ulmerdug, olmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| underkjole || petticoat
|-
| underdyne || type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
|-
| ungsvin || young pig
|}


====V/W====
{| class="wikitable"
! V !!
|-
| vaar, vår || pillowcases
|-
| vadmel || homespun
|-
| valkebræt || fulling board; used to full newly-knitted cloth, making it stronger
|-
| vandspand || water bucket
|-
| vanter || mittens
|-
| vaskebræt || washboard
|-
| vest || vest
|-
| vin || wine
|-
| vindovn || stove with combustion door facing the living room
|-
| vogn || wagon
|-
| vraaskab || corner cabinet
|-
| vugge || crib
|-
| væder, vædder || ram
|-
| vægge || wedge
|-
| vægskab || wall cabinet; lock placed near the end where the man would sit at the table, contained important items such as tobacco, money, papers, etc.
|}


====Æ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Æ !!
|-
| ærmer ||  loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
|}


====Ø====
[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
{| class="wikitable"
! Ø !!
|-
| øl, ølle || ale, beer
|-
| ølanker || beer barrel
|-
| øldunk || beer jug
|-
| ølflaske || beer bottle
|-
| øl kande, ølkande || beer jug or pitcher
|-
| øltragt, ølle tragt || funnel for pouring beer into bottles
|-
| øreballie, ørebalje || wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
|-
| øxe, økse || ax
|}
[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Denmark]][[Category:Probate Records]]

Revision as of 09:20, 28 June 2018

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Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.

These records are very helpful for research because in many areas the authorities began recording probate actions before birth and death records.

Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a parent died and left children that were not of age (age 25). Often an estate was probated even if the children were of age.

Although probate records are one of the most accurate sources of genealogical information, the relationships noted in the records may not always have the same meaning today. For instance, a brother-in-law may be recorded as a brother, because legally that made no difference.

From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the foged (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the sorenskriver (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of sorenskriver took on the meaning of probate judge.

You Can Use this Record to Find...

The Probate Process[edit | edit source]

Before 1683, probate records were often part of the general court records. The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.

The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.

No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate [uskiftet bo]. Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.

All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.

Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.

To view records examples of skifteprotokollerne (administrations of estates) with translations click here.

Wills and Indexes [Testamentprotokoller med Indexer][edit | edit source]

Research use: These records are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills.

Record type: Legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice [Justitsministeriet] kept copies of all wills.

Time period: 1500 to present.

Contents: Name and age of testator, residence, heirs, relationships, description of land and property, date of will, signature, witnesses. Indexes.

Location: There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.

Percentage in Family History Library: Overall about 45%. The library has already acquired about 90% of will transcripts (1750-1848) as part of chancery records. Although most of the probate records of Denmark have been filmed, the Family History Library has not filmed any original wills.

Population coverage: 10%.

Reliability: Very good.[1]

For more information about wills, see this article.

The Availability of Probate Records[edit | edit source]

Before the 1683 law, probate was held only when there were problems in dividing an estate. After 1683 the probate records are separate from the other court records and handled by the probate judge.

Probate records for clergy, schoolteachers, and military officers were often kept separate from the regular probate jurisdiction. Church officials would conduct probate for a priest or a schoolteacher, and a commanding officer for a military officer.

The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS.

Guardianship Records [Overformynderiprotokoller][edit | edit source]

Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold. First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny.

The guardianship record usually has the following information:

  • Name of the ward or minor.
  • Sometimes age or birth date.
  • Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
  • Name of guardian and residence.
  • Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
  • Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record.

Research use: Very useful lineage-linking source. Relationship information is given so that blood lines of adoptees and orphans can be identified.

Record type: Records of those who have care of underaged heirs after the death of parents.

Time period: 1570 to present.

Contents: Information about the ward and when and from whom (family member or other person) inheritance was received; information about the guardian and his relationship to the ward, and expenses charged to the estate. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state. Dates of birth or christening may be given.

Location: National and provincial archives.

Percentage in Family History Library: 90%.

Population coverage: 10%.[1]

Probate Word List[edit | edit source]

Following is a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in probate records. For other Danish probate vocabulary lists, click here or here.

A[edit | edit source]

Danish English
A.D. in the year of our Lord
Aar year
Ad at
Advokat attorney
Af, av of, at, by, from
Afdøde deceased
Afg., afgange deceased
Afgangen the deceased
Afgift fee, charge
Afholdelse conduct, organization
Afholdt held, incurred, organized
Afgaa, afgaaet die, died
Afkald waiver
Afkom offspirng
Afsælle sell
Aftale aggreement
Aftos last night
Aftægtsfolk retired people
Aftægtskone retired woman
Aftægtsmand retired man
Agent agent
Agt(en) intention, purpose
Aldeles absolutely, totally, quite, entirely
Alder age
Aldrig never
Alle all
Allerhøjest most highest
Allordere allocate
Alt all, universe, already
Amt county
Amtets the county's
Amtmand chief county administrator
Amtsforratter county commissioners
Anden other, second
Anden side other side
Andunldt amount
Anføre indicate, state, also retired
Anført listed, stated, specified
Anmeld, Anmeldelse report, notification, review
Annus (Latin) year
Anordnet ordered, arranged, set apart
Anpart share
Antage accept, take on, assume
Antagelse assumption, acceptance
Antagelig presumably, probably, likely
Antaget chosen
Antagne assumed
Antal number
Ar, en are
Arbejdshold work team
Arbejdsperiode employment period or schedule
Arv inheritance
Arvedel, Arvadeling inheritance, portion or share of the inheritance
Arvelader testator
Arveskifte inheritance
Arving heir
Arvinger, Arfvinger heirs
At that, to
At være as, being
Aulede only
Avle beget, grow
Avlet begotten, produced
Avlet med afdøde begotten with the deceased
Av of, from, by

B[edit | edit source]

Danish English
Baade both
Barn, børnen child, children
Barnedåb grandchild
Barnefader the child’s father
Bedstefader grandfather
Bedstemoder grandmother
Befal, Befale command, order
Befalede commanded, ordered
Befindes found to be
Begjæring, Begæring petition, request, application, motion
Behøver at require, have to, need to
Bekendtgørelse official announcement
Bekentgjort announced
Bekost, Bekostning expense, the cost
Bekræft confirm, verify, affirm
Beløb amount
Bemeldte aforesaid
Bemidlet well off
Benævnte named
Beregne calculate
Bero be, remain
Beroer depends
Beskikket appointed
Beskriven description
Betaler pay
Betaling payment
Betalt paid
Betegne description
Betjente, Betiente official
Betydeligt significantly, considerably
Birchedomer, Birkedommer birke judge
Blandt among
Blev, blef was, become
Blive, Blivet, Bliver be, being, becoming, getting
Boede, Boet lived
Boe live, rside
Boelsmand farmer
Boet estate, the estate; also live, living
Bog book
Bonde farmer
Bondegaard farmer
Bopæl resident, residence
Bor live, living, lives
Borgmester Mayor
Bortdøde deceased
Bortfalder void, repeal
Bortsolgt sold
Bouppteckning probate
Brev letter
Broder- brother brother
Broderdatter brother's daughter
Broderlod brother's share
Brodersøn brother's son
Brække break
Brødre brothers
By, bye town, village
Børn children
Børnebørn grandchildren
Børnene the children

C[edit | edit source]

Danish English
Comite, kommite committee
Come, komme come
Curator curator


D[edit | edit source]

Danish English
Da as, since, when
Danske Danish
Darværende former
Datter, Døttre daughter, daughters
Datterdatter daughter’s daughter, granddaughter
Dattersøn daughter’s son
De they, those, the
Deling, deeling division, distribution
Derfor therefore
Deg you
Dend it, that, the, other
Den of, the, it, of the
Denne this
Dennes his, its, thereof, latter
Der who, there, which, that
Dere you
Derefter after that, then, afterwards
Deres theirs, yours, its
Deret theirs, which, who, that
Derhjemme at home
Deriblandt including, among
Dermed there by, thus
Dernæst next
Dertil there, thereof, therefore, thereto
Derudover additional
Det it, that
Dette this
Did you, yourself, there
Disse these
Dit your
Dog however, though
Dokket docked
Dom sentence, judgement, verdict
Dommer judge
Drager porter, carrier
Dranker drunkard
Dreng, dr. male, boy
Drengebarn male child
Dronning queen
Død, Døden death, the death
Dødsanmeldelse death announcement
Dødsfald death
Døtre daughter

E[edit | edit source]

Danish English
Eder you
Edle noble
Een one
Efter after, behind
Efterdi because
Efterlade leave
Efterlade sig en formue leave a fortune
Efterladenskaber remainder, the rest
Efterladte survivors, remaining
Efterladende left behind, surviving
Efterlefuende surviving
Eftermelte below mentioned
Efterretning obedience
Eftersom since, as
Eg, Ege, Egne, Egen, Eget own, on one's own
Egenskab capacity, property, attribute, characteristic
Egstra see ekstra
Egteskab marriage
Ei, Ej not
Eje own
Ejendom, Ejendele property, posessions
Ejen property
Ejer owner
Ekstra extra
Ekstradere extract
Embede office
En the, a, an, one
End than, end, over
Endelig final, finally
Endvidere also, furthermore
Enebarn only child
Enes agree
Enhver each, everyone
Eniste begotten
Enke widow
Enkekone widow
Enkemand widower
Ensker wishes, wants
Er, Ere is, are, the, has, have
Erholde assume, get, obtain, receive
Erhverv profession, trade
Erhverver acquire, gain
Erkendtlig grateful
Erkend, Erkende acknowledge, own, admit, recognize, realize
Erklære declare, declaring, proclaim
Et a, an, one

F[edit | edit source]

Faa- get, receive
Fadder- godfather, sponsor
Faaet- received, got, obtained
Fader- father
Faderne, Fadderne- godparents
Fallit- bankrupt, bankruptcy
Fandt, Fantes- found, was found
Far- father
Farbroder- father’s brother, uncle
Farfader- paternal grandfather
Farfar- grandfather
Far- father
Farmoder- grandmother, father’s mother
Farmor- grandmother, father’s mother
Faset- receive
Faste- real
Faster- aunt, father’s sister
Fastsætte- assign, appoint
Fat- got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend
Fattes- lacking, wanting
Fellets- joint
Fik- get, receive
Fil- file
Findes- found
Firer- four
Foged- bailiff, marshall, official
Folgende- as follows, thus
Folio- page
For- in, for, in order, for the
For endelig skifte- for final probate
Foranførte- above mentioned
Foranmeldte- above reported, previously announced
Forat- to, in order to
Forandre, forandring- change, vary, shift, reverse
Foregaænde- earlier
Foregaaet- official announcement
Fordeling- distribution, allocation
Fordring- claim, debt, receivable
Fordre, fordrede- demand, require
Fordrukken- drunken
Forefandtes- were present
Foregaænde- earlier, previous, former
Foregaaet- occurred, took place
Forestage- make, do, perform
Foretagelse- making, performing
Foretage, foretagne- transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute
Fortagen- distribution
Foretager- makes, performs, carries out
Fortaget lovlig- transacted lawfully
Forevise- show
Forfald- absence
Forfaret- conduct
Forgået- occurred, took place
Forfeiglet- previous
Forhen, førhen- in the past, formerly
Forhentiltagne- previously appointed
Forkarlen- foreman
Forloveren- sponsors, bondsmen at marriage
Forladefoged- baliff of the manor
Formedelst- due to, because of
Formode- assuming, supposing
Formue- assets, property, wealth
Formynder- guardian
Fornyelig- recently, recently departed
Forordningen- regulation, statutes
Forpagter- tenant
Forpligte- oblige, commit
Forpligtelse- obligation, commitment
Forpligtet- committed, obliged
Forrentning- interest, return, rate
Forreste- front, foremost
Forresten- incidentally, by the way, anyway
Forrætte og afslutte- transact and conclude
Forretning- business, transaction, administration, proceeding
Forretning tilstede- present at the proceeding
Forretninger- transactions
Forretningen- business administration
Forrevist kjøb- bill of sale
Forrige- previous
Forsamle- meet, assemble, gather
Forsamlingen- meeting, assembly, gathering, committee
Forsegle- seal up
Forsende- seal up
Forsige- to say
Forskel- difference
Fortfare- conduct, carry out
Fortfarende- continually, ongoing
Fortforet- conducted
Fortil- before
Foruden- besides, in addition to
Forud- previous, prior
Forudgående- previous
Forudsiger- predicts
Forvalter- administrator, agent, manager, bailiff
Forvære- make worse
Forældre- parents
Forældreløs- orphan
Forældrene- the parents
Fosterbarn- foster child
Fosterbørn- foster children
Fosterdatter- foster daughter
Fostersøn- foster son
Fra- from
Fraværende- absent
Frembragt- reveal, disclose
Fremdeles, fremdeeles- further
Fremfor- before, above, beyond
Fremføre- advance, forward
Fremfærd- conduct
Fremgang- proceed, progress
Fremlagt, fremlagde- submitted, presented, provided, produced
Fremme- to go forth
Fremsat- submitted, made, delivered, presented
Fremstille, Fremstillet- create, make, produce, present to be judged
Fremviste- presented, showed, displayed
Fri- free
Frille- mistress
Frue- Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women
Fruentimmer- unmarried mother
Frugtsommelig- pregnant
Frøken- miss, not a peasant girl
Fudt- completely
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect
Fuldkomns- fulfilled
Fuldmagt- proxy, power of attorney
Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige- attorney, advocate, head clerk
Fulgt- followed
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect
Fælled, Fælles- common, mutual, joint
Fæstebonde- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
Fæstegårdmand- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
Fæste- copyhold, lease
Fæstebonde-leaseholder on a farm
Fæstemand- betrothed
Fæster- person who is leasing
Fæstprotokol- land lease
Fætter- cousin
Fødtes (Føde) værger- family guardian
Følge- result of (i følge- as a result of)
Følger- as follows
Før die unmyndige vegen- in behalf of the minors
Før- before
Førhen- previously
Første- first
Får- gets, will, have
Fået- received, got

G[edit | edit source]

Gaardmand- farmer
Gammel- old
Garden- the farm
Gave- gift, present
Gavn- benefit
Gift, givt- married
Gik- went, walked, did, was, were
Gior- makes
Gjeld- debts
Gjort, Gjorde- made, done, been
Godfather- godfather
Gudfrygtige- godfearing
Gudmoder- godmother
Gæld, gjold, gjæld- debt, payables
Gå- go, walk, do
Gårdbruger, gaardbruger- farmer
Gårdejer, gaardejer- farm owner
Gaard- farm
Gårdfæster, gaardfæster- farm leaseholder, tenant
Gårdmand, gaardmand- farmer

H[edit | edit source]

H.(abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife
Halde- hold, maintain, keep, continue
Halvbrodre, Halvbroder- half brother
Halvdelen- half, a portion
Ham- he, his, him
Han- he, his, him
Hannen- male, him
Hans- his
Har- has, have
Hartkorn- unit of land valuation
Havde- had
Have- have, be
Havender- debtors
Heder- honor
Hederlige- honorable
Hederlige och wellærde- honorable and well-learned
Helbroder- whole brother
Hele- all, entire
Hellere- rather, better, prefer
Hellig- holy
Hende, Hendes- her, hers
Henhold- according, accordance with, belong to
Henhøre til- refer to
Hensidde- live, exist
Hensyn- respect, regard
Her- here
Heraf- of this, thereof, these, which
Herom- accordingly, thereof, thereon
Herremand- lord of the manor
Herrets ting- district court
Herskerinde- mistress
Hidtil- previously, up until now
Hjemme, Hiemme- at home
Hjemmedødt- home christening, home baptism
Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand)- cottager
Holde- hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying
Holden- keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous Holdelse- proceeding
Holdte- held
Hor- adultery, fornication
Hos- at, with, in, by, from
Hovedperson- head of house
Hr.- Mr.
Hun- she
Hus, Huus- house
Husbonde- husband, head of house
Husejer- owner of house
Husfader- head of house
Husfolk- small farmers
Husholderske- housekeeper
Husmand med jord- farmer with land
Husmand- cottager, small farmer
Husmoder, huusmoder- wife, homemaker
Hustrue, hustru, kone-wife
Huus afgift- rent
Hvad- what
Hvem- who
Hver, hvert- every
Hvidebøger- "white books" or a record of those deceased in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate
Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket- which, what, this
Hvil- rest
Hvor- where, which, when, how, there
Hvorefter- whereafter, then
Hvornaar- when is, when will, when does, where once, where when
Hvorved- wherewith
Hvortil- plus, in additon, which should be added
Høj Ædle, Højædle- noble, high

I[edit | edit source]

I- in, of, the, at, you
I dag- today
Iagttage- watch, observe
Iberegne- include
Idet- as, because, with, since, taking
Ifald- if, in case
Ifolge, Ifølge- according, according to
Ikke- not
Imellem- between
Imod- against, accepted, opposed
Inderste- tenant, renter
Indfandt- appeared, met
Indgaa- conclude
Indgaaet- entered into, concluded, reached, received
Indlæg- contribution, pleading, plea, letter, article, speech, submission, observation
Inddrage- include, involve
Indfandt- materialize
Indsidder- tenant, renter
Indtage- take, adopt
Indtægt- income, revenue, proceeds
Ingen- no, not, none
Interesse- interest
Intet- no, nothing
Intægt- asset, income

J[edit | edit source]

Jeg- I
Jer- you, yourselves
Jeres- your, yours
Jomfru- maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
Jord(e)- earth, land, property
Jordlig- earthly
Jordseddel- certificate from the probate authority to the deceased's priest, verifying that they had recorded the death. The priest was then allowed to bury the dead.

K[edit | edit source]

Karl- young man, farmhand
Kendelse- decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling
Kidre- dear
Kiste- coffin
Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) - Royal, government
Kongelig- royal
Kom- come
Kommer- come, coming, comes
Kommis- commission, commissioner
Kommitterede- nominee, commissioner
Kommunemand- city official
Kone- wife, married woman
Kongelige (Kl.)- Royal, government
Kontorbetjent- office clerk
Kontorchef- head of office staff
Kontormedhjælper- office clerk
Kost, Kostet- cost, the cost
Kravede- required
Kun- just, only, only the
Kunde- could, might, would; also client, patron
Kundskab- knowledge
Kundgjørelse- announcement, notification
Kusine- cousin
Kvinde, Qvinde- woman
Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder- godmother
Kvindemenneske- woman
Køb, Kjøb- purchase

L[edit | edit source]

Lagte- pay
Landarbejder- farm worker
Landbo- farmer renter
Landbruger- farmer
Laugværge- widow's guardian, chosen by her and usually her brother
Lærte hederlige- learned and honorable
Lejer- tenant
Lensmanden- the constable
Leve- live
Levende- living
Leveret- suppied, delivered, provided
Lig- equal, similar to
Ligel- ditto
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally
Ligesom- like, somewhat, as
Ligkiste- coffin
Likvidere- liquidate
Livsarvinger- living heirs
Lod- lot, share
Logerende- tenant, lodger
Lov- law
Lovlig- legal
Lyder saaledes- reads thus
Løbende- current, continuous, standing
Løse- resolve, solve

M[edit | edit source]

m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen")- with guided pen. Usually appears under the signatures of those who could not write.
m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”)- with guided pen (see m.f.P.)
M.V., (abbrev. of med videre)- continued, forward
Maa- must, may, should, shall, must be
Madmoder- woman of the house, housewife
Magistrat/Magistrate- justice for the peace
Magistrats Gods- magistrate’s estate
Maitresse- mistress
Maj- May
Maj., Majestæts- majesty
Man- man, husband, one, you, it
Mand- man, men
Manden- the man
Mandfadder- godfather
Mandkjøn- male
Med- with, by, of, the
Medmindre- unless
Meere, Mere- more, further
Mellem- between
Men- but
Mere- more
Middel- medium, average, part
Mindreårige- minors
Moder, Mor- mother
Moderens- the mother
Modt- appeared, met, was present
Modtagen- receive
Mor, Moder- mother
Morbroder- mother’s brother, uncle
Morfader, morfar- mother’s father, grandfather
Mormoder, mormor- mother’s mother, grandmother
Mortis (Latin)- death
Moster- aunt, mother’s sister
Mostermand- mother’s sister’s husband
Muldseddel- see Jordseddel
Myndig- of legal age. The age varied throughout Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.
Mænd- men
Mændenes- the men, appraisers
Møde- meeting, appointment
Mødte, Mødt- met, met with, present, in attendance
Mø- maiden, virgin
Må or Maa- do, be, must, may, should
Maad- goal, way, means
Maanad- month

N[edit | edit source]

Naar- where, when
Nafnlig- namely
Namful- namely
Nati, Natiuitas (Latin)- birth
Navnlig- namely
Navnet- name, the name
Nemlig- namely
Navn- name
Nedlagt- closed, asks, seeks, claims
Nej- no
Nevø- nephew
Niece- niece
Noch- also
Nogen- any
Nogen tid siden- sometime before
Noget- something, anything
Nok- enough
Nu- now
Nutid- present
Nuværende- current, present, existing
Nyfder ophold- of age (legal)
Ny, Nyt- new
Næmlig, namely- namely, that is
Næringsvei- occupation
Næst- next
Nærværende- present
Når- when, where

O[edit | edit source]

O.S.V.-etc.
Odel- freehold land
Ofververends- attending
Og, Oc, Och- and
Ogfolder- live
Ogsaa, Også- also
Oktober- October
Oldefader- great-grandfather
Oldemoder- great-grandmother
Om- about, in, on
Omkostninger- expenses, costs
Opdrætte- breed
Opfostringshus- orphanage
Oplaest- announced, read, spoken
Opgiven- stated, studied
Opgjort- calculate, estimate
Opholde sig- reside, stay
Opholder- living, staying
Opholdsted- place of residence
Opløbe- finish
Opmærksom- attentive, mindful, aware
Oplysninger- information, data, details
Ordre- order
Ovenmeldte- above reported
Ovenævnte- above mentioned, aforementioned
Overformynderi- trustee (someone who needs a guardian)
Overformynderiet- Guardianship records
Overførende- transferring
Overrække- present, give
Overskydende- excess
Overstige- exceed
Overværelse- presence, attendance
Overværends- attending

P[edit | edit source]

p., post- after
Paa- on, at, in
Paa grund- because
Paa stedet- at this place
Paahvileds, Paahvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Paalagt- order, put on, entrusted
Paaløbende- accrued, incidental
Pante- mortgage
Passere- pass
Pastorat- parish
Penge- money
Personerne- the people
Pige- girl, maid, servant
Pigebarn- girl child
Pigen- the maid, that girl
Plasmand- cottager
Plejebarn- foster child
Plejebørn- foster children
Plejeforældre- foster parents
Plejemoder- foster mother
Plejesøn- foster son
Protocol, Protokol- ledger, journal
Pligtmand- tenant
Proprietær- farmer (large)
Provst- rural dean
Provsti- deanery
Provstinde- deans wife
Præst, præsten- priest, the priest, clergyman, minister
Præstegield- clerical district
Pulitiaduakat- district attorney
Pådømmelse- trial, judgment
Påhvileds, Påhvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Påløbende- accrued, incidental
Påstod- claimed

Q[edit | edit source]

Qua (Latin)- which, where, what, see, that
Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde- woman, the woman
Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn- female gender
Qvindemenneske- women

R[edit | edit source]

Raadhusskriver- town hall clerk scribe
Raadlighed- command, disposal, available, provided
Raadmand, Rådmand- councilman, alderman
Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler)- a former Danish monetary unit.
Realiserede- realized, achieved, actual, recorded
Realisation- realization
Registrerede- registered
Registering- inventory, registration
Registrering og Vurdering- inventory and appraisal
Renter- interest
Resten- the rest
Resterende- balance, remainder
Resultat- result, profit, earnings
Retlige- legal, the legal, justice
Retsformand- persiding judge
Retten- court
Ridefoged- bailiff
Rigtighed- accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
Rime- agree
Rimelig- reasonable, fair, fair price
Rodemester- tax collector
Rådlighed- command, disposal, available, provided
Rådmand, Raadmand- councilman, alderman

S[edit | edit source]

Saa- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Saadan- such
Saaledes- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Saavel- both
Sabbat- Sabbath
Sagen- proceedings
Sagfører- lawyer
Sal., Salig, Salige- deceased
Samling- meeting
Sammen- together or same
Sammenaulede-begotten
Sammenauled-together beget
Sammen avlede- together begotten
Sammenleje- living together
Sammenviede- married together
Sammestads- same place
Samt- as well, well as
Samtikke, samtykke- consent, agree
Samtlige- all
Sandsynligt- probable, likely
Sedler- banknotes, bills
Sees- seeing, seen, is seen
Seigneur-Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable
Self tilhøre- self-owned
Selvejer- owner, freeholder
Set- viewed, seen
Sidste- last
Sig- him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the
Sige god- say good (vouch)
Signor (French)- Mr.
Sin, Sine- its, his, her, there
Sind- mind
Sit- its, his, her
Skabe- create, generate, provide, also cabinets
Sin- his, hers
Skal- do, must, to be, should
Skatteopkræver- tax debt, tax charges
Skeed- given
Skeedte- occurred
Skete, Skeed- happened, occurred, did
Skifte- probate
Skifte forretning- probate proceeding
Skiftes foretagelse- probate execution
Skiftes holdelse- probate proceeding
Skifte og Deeling- probate and distribution
Skifteforvalter- probate administrator, probate agent
Skifteomkostningerne- probate costs
Skifteprotokoller- probate records
Skifteretten- probate court
Skiftesamling- probate meeting of heirs
Skifter handling- settlement
Skiftet- the probate
Skilde- separate
Skjønt- though
Skilling- monetary unit
Skrivelse- letter
Skriver- scribe, clerk
Skriverstue- writing room, office
Skulde- should, would, might
Skylde- owe
Skøn- estimate, assessment
Sl.,sal.,-deceased
Slagfreds- illegitimate
Slagfredsdatter- illegitimate daughter
Slagfredssøn- illegitimate son
Slutte- finish, end, conclude
Slægt- family, relatives
Små- small
Sognebarn- parishioner
Sognefoged- sheriff, constable
Solgt- sold
Som- as, since, who, which, as, whom, that
Soskendebarn- niece, nephew
Spurgte- inquired, asked
Spædbarn- infant, baby
S(igno)r- Mister
Stads- city
Stadboende- city residents
Stedbarn- stepchild
Stedbørn- stepchildren
Steddatter- step daughter
Stedfader- step father
Stedmoder- step mother
Stedsøn- step son
Stervbo, Sterfboen- estate, inventory of the deceased
Stifbarn- stepchild
Stifbørn- stepchildren
Stift, Stiftet- diocese, the diocese
Stue- ground, room, living room
Stærboet- same place, place where deceased lived
Stævningsmand- baliff sheriff
Sur- confused
Svigerdatter- daughter-in-law
Svigerfader- father-in-law
Svigerinde- sister-in-law
Svigermoder- mother-in-law
Svigersøn-son-in-law
Svoger- brother-in-law
Svogerske- sister-in-law
Sødskende(s)- siblings, sisters
Søn, Sønnen- son, the son
Sønnedatter- son’s daughter
Sønnekone- son’s wife
Sønnen- the son
Sønnerne- the sons
Sønnesøn- son’s son
Søskende- siblings
Søskendebarn- cousins
Søskendefætter- first cousin
Søster- sister
Så- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Sådan- such, how, to, this
Således- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Såvel- both

T[edit | edit source]

Tagelse- making, admission, aquisition, exemption
Tager- takes, taking, out, are, does
Taksere- appraise
Tarv- best interests
Tarveligt- simple, poor, shoddy, menial, frugally
Testes- witnesses
Tidligere- previously, past
Tiener, tjener, tjeneste- servant
Til- to, for
Tilbud- offer, proposition
Tilbød- offered
Tidligere- previously, past, earlier
Tidligt- early, premature, soon
Tilgodehavender- receivables
Tilhører- belonging to
Tilhørende- belonging, matching, related
Tilkendegive- declare, indicate, express, show, inform
Tillade- allow, permit, let
Tillidsmænd- trustees, representatives
Tilladelse- permission
Tillige- also, along with, in addition, together
Tilligemed- together, preceded by, also
Tillynsing- announcement, posting
Tilspurgte- inquired, asked
Tilstand- condition, state, status
Tilstede, til stede- present, in attendance; also permit, grant, allow
Tilstedeværende- present
Tilstillede- sent, appointed, given
Tilstaa- testify, swear, confirm, acknowledge
Tilstaaelse- confession, admission, acknowledgement
Tilsvar- chargable amount
Tilsvarende- corresponding, equivalent, similar, comparable; also liable, responsible for
Tilsværge- swear
Tilsynsværge- legal guardian
Tiltage- increase, grow
Tiltale- prosecute, charge, address, speak to
Ting- court
Tingmanden- court officer
Tjenende- serving
Tjener, tiener- serve
Troloved, trolovet- engaged
Trykt- printed
Tømmer- timber
Tømrer- carpentry

U[edit | edit source]

Ubetydelig- insignificant
Udbetal, udbetaling- cash, cash out, withdraw, payment
Udgang- end, exit, output
Udelt- undivided, entirely
Uden- without
Ude- out, away
Uden- without
Udflytning- moving out
Udgift- expense, cost
Udi- in, at, of, from
Udlagt- laid out, reported
Udlæg- costs, outlay, expenses
Udnævnte-appointed
Udskifteligt- replacable, removable, interchangable
Udøbt- unbaptized
Uge- week
Uger- weeks
Ugift- unmarried
Umage, Umagelig- effort, pains, uncomfortable
Umindelig- as far as can be remembered, immemorial
Umulig, Umuligt- impossible
Umyndig- underage, minor
Umyndiges vegne- minors behalf
Umådelig- extremely, immensely
Unde- underage; also give, wish, grant
Under- under
Underrets dommer- court judge-lower
Underrretssay Fører- court judge lower
Underskrevet- undersigned
Underskrevne- signed
Undertegnede- the undersigned
Undgaas- avoided
Undladt, Undlod- failed, omited, left undone
Undtagen- except
Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor
Ugift- unmarried
Ung- young
Uskiftet bo (boe)- unprobated estate, undivided estate
Utlagt, udladt- announced, reported
Uægte- illegitimate

V and W[edit | edit source]

Vanvittig- retarded
Var, Varnede, Værende, Været- was, were, being, been
Ved- at or by
Vedbørlig- legal
Ved Døden er afgaaet- with death has departed, who died
Vederlag- compensation, renumeration, proceeds
Vedgå- admit, own, acknowledge
Vedkomme, Vedkommende- person concerned
Vegne, Wegen- behalf
Velædle- noble
Velbegavet- well endowed
Vel som- well as (saa vel som- as well as), unable
Velbe., Vel begavet- well endowed
Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige- noble lineage
Vellærde- well educated
Vid- wide, extensive, open; also wit
Vide- know
Videre- further, forward, continue
Vidner- witnesses
Vidste- did, knew, know, did not know
Vil, Vilde- shall, would, want, will
Villig- willing, prepared, ready
Vis- show, certain, view, some, degree
Vitterlig- known
Vitterlighedsmænd- witnesses, notaries, attestors
Vor- our
Vurder- rate, assess, evaluate
Vurdere- to value, price, appraise
Vurderet, Vurderede- assessed, appraised
Vurdering- appraisal, evaluation, estimation
Vurderingsmand- appraiser
Vurderingsmænd- appraisers
Værd- worth, value
Være- be, have, to be, to
Værende umlyndige- being minors
Værende- living
Været- been
Værge- guardian, typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father.

Y[edit | edit source]

Yderligere- additonal, more
Ydre- outer
Ygste- youngest
Ytre- utter, express, speak

Æ[edit | edit source]

Ægte- real, true, authentic, legitimate
Ægteskab- marriage
Ældste- oldest
Æta (Latin)- age
Ætas (Latin)- age, days, time, period

Ø[edit | edit source]

Øge- increase
Ønsker- do, want, wish, need
Øvrige- other, additional, remaining

Å[edit | edit source]

År- year

Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates
[edit | edit source]

A
aag, åg- shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
arbejdsvogn- wagon

B
bagetrug- bakers trough for kneading dough
baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd- wooden tub with iron bands
band- bands
baandknif, båndkniv- small chopping knife
becken, bækken- pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
beester- beasts
bench- bench
beholder- container
benklæder, beenklæder- trousers
beslag- brackets, hardware
beslagen vogn- wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
besætningen- herd
bilægerkakkelovn- stove
bismer- small portable scale
blaa, blå- blue
blaargarns, blårgarns- wool or linen cloth
blaastribed- blue striped
blick, blech lygte- small portable tin lamp
boghylde- bookshelf
bor- auger
bord- table
bornholmer- grandfather clock
bryggerkedel- brewing kettle
bryggkar, bryggekar- brewing vat
brystdug- vest
brændevin- alcohol
bukser, buxer- trousers
bulle, bol- a short top for women
bul øxe, buløkse- forest ax
bænk- bench
bæster- beasts
båbdknif- small chopping knife

C
carter- cards for carding wool

D
degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading
dragkiste- chest of drawers
drejels, dreeils- hinge, pivot
driftetrug, drøftetrug- low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
dug- cloth, tablecloth
dyne- quilt, duvet
dørslag- colander
dørslag- colander

E
ege, eege- oak
egebord- oak table
egedragkiste- oak chest
egekar oak vat
egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock
degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading
dragkiste- chest
drægtig- pregnant (livestock)
drejels, dreeils- finer type fabric
drifte trug, drøfte trug- grain cleaning trough
dug- cloth, tablecloth
dyne- quilt, duvet

F
faar- sheep
filtes- felted, made of felt
fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg
fleske olle- meat brining vat
forklæde- apron
fyrre- pine
fyrrebord- pine desk
føl, følle- foal
får- sheep
får med grøde- pregnant sheep

G
garvinde- yarn reel
gestlinge- goslings
giæs- geese
giæs med grøde- geese with goslings
glas- glass
graa, grå- gray
gravspade, grevespade- grave spade
greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle
grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets
gryde- pot
gul- yellow
grøn- green
grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
gæs, giæs- geese
gæslinger, geslinge- goslings

H
haand qvern, håndkværn- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
haandøxe, håndøkse- hand ax
haankattunsklæder, håndklæder-towels
hakkebret, hakkebræt- chopping board
halskobbel, halskoppel- horse harness
halstørklæde- scarf or muffler
hampe- hemp
hand qvern- hand mill
haspe- type of yarn winder
hat- hat
hauger, haver- removable wagon sides
hempharve, harver- harrow or cultivator
hengeskab- hanging cupboard
hest, hæst - horse
hestføl- very young foal
hestplag- colt
himmelseng- poster bed
hingst- stallion
hingsteføl- very young foal
hjørneskab- corner cabinet
hoppe- mare
hose- hose, knitted long stockings
hoveddyne- pillow
hovedpude, hoved pude- pillow
hue- cap
huge block, huggeblok- chopping block
hvergarns- linsey-woolsey
hvid- white
hæst, hest- horse
høelee, høle- scythe
hør- linen
hørlærritz, hørlærred- made of linen
håndklæder-towels
håndkværn, haand qvern- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing

I
ildtag- fire poker

J
jakke- jacket
jern- iron, stove
jernbilæggerkakkelovn- stove
jernbaand, jernbånd- iron bands
jernbismer- small portable scale made of iron
jerngryde- iron pot
jernpande- iron pan
jern vægge- iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.

K
kaabe- cloak
kaaber- copper
kaarsklæder- light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
kakkelovn- stove
kalfve, kalve- calf
kande- jug
kappe- cloak
kar- vessel, vat
karter- wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
karstol- three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
kasket- cap
kartuns, kattuns- made of cotton
keddle, kiedel- kettle
kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog- kettle hook
kierne- churn
kiol- mens formal jacket
kiør- cows
kjedelskrog- kettle hook
kjole- men's formal jacket
kjole og hvidt- women's formal dress
kiste- chest
klæde kiste- dress chest
klæde skab- wardrobe, upright clothes chest
knapper- buttons
kniplinger- lace
kniv- knife
koe, ko- cow
komfur- stove
konvolut- cap
kopper- copper
kornharpe- type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
krave- collar
krukke- crock
kuvert- hat
krave- cows
krus- pottery mug
kvern- mill
kvie, qvie- heifer
kviekalve- heifer calf
kvæg, qveeg- cattle
kærne- churn
køer- cows
kørekappe- driving jacket, cloak, or cap
kåbe- cloak

L

lagen- sheet
lam, lamb- lamb
lehnestoel, lænestol- armchairs
ler- clay
leerfad, lerfad- pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
lin, liin- linen
lyddæmper- muffler
lysesaks, lyse sax- candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
læder- leather
lædersele- leather harness for a horse
lænestol, lehnestoel- armchairs
løgte- lamp

M
madskab- wooden upright food pantry
mangle fiel og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller
manglebrædt og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller
malkekande, mælkekande- milk jug
malet- painted
messing- brass
messingbækken- brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered- iron tool for harvesting corn
morter- mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
møbler- furniture
mønstrede- patterned

N
nattrøye- night shirt
naur- auger
nederdel- skirt

O
okse- ox
olmerdug, ulmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
olle- oil
otting- container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
overdyne- duvet cover
ovn- stove

P
pande- pan
papir- paper
penge- cash
peber qvern, peverkværn- pepper mill
plag- colt
plove- plow
plove med behor- plow with accessories
porcellæn- porcelain
prykket- dotted
pude, puude- pillow
pudevår- pillowcases
pynteærmer- interchangable dress sleeves
pyntetørklæde- decorative scarf
pyramide- pyramid-shaped shelf

Q
qveeg, kvæg- cattle
qvern- mill
qvie, kvie- heifer
qvie kalfe- heifer calf

R
rede penge- ready cash
redskaber- tools
rist- 3-legged grill rack
riveiern, rivegern- grater
rok- spinning wheel
rød- red

S
saks, sax- scissors
saltkar- small salt container
selde- flat straw basket for sifting flour
seletøj- harness for a horse
seng- bed
sengested- bedstead
serker, særke- petticoat
siebøtte- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sigte- sieve
sikar- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sjal- shawl
skab- cabinet
ske, skeer- spoon, spoons
skieppe, skæppe- 20-liter container
skind- skins, pelts, or leather
skindbuxor- buckskin pants
skiorte, skjorte- shirt
skiær, skære bænk- cutting bench, workbench
skiære kiiste, skærekiste- "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
skielderier, skilderier- painting or photgraph
sko, skoe- shoes
skære (skiær) bænk og kniv- cutting table and knife
skørt, skiordt- skirt
slagbenk, slagbænk- daybed, bench
sliibe steen, slibesten- grindstones
slæde- sled
småsvin- piglets
sold- sieve or screen
spade- spade or shovel
spand- bucket
spejl- mirror
spinderok- spinning wheel
spisebord- dining table
spender, spænder- buckles
spæde kalve- infant calf
stager- candlesticks, usually with a stand
standtønder- food storage barrels
stander seng- floor bed
steen kruuse med laag- tea mug with lid
stegepande- frying pan
stettins tallerken- tin-enameled plate
stie, stige- laddar
stol, stoele, stole- chair, chairs
stort- large, high
stribet- striped
strippe- wooden scoop
strygejern- an iron
strømber, strømper- stockings
stud kalv, studekalv- steer calf
studlinge- steer calf
stueur, stueuhr- clock
støvler- boots
sviin, svin- pigs
sæde- seat

T
tabel- table
taburet, taberet- stool
taft- taffeta
tallerkne, tallerken- plate
tavle- table
tel økse, tælleøkse- small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
tengsel- small ax for hollowing out wood
ternet- checkered
thepotte- teapot
tilbehør- attachments, accessories
tin- tin or pewter
tinkrus, tinkruus- tin cup
tintalerkener- tin or pewter plate
tragt- funnel
trefoder- tripod for placing cookware over a fire
tromle- barrel or drum
trug- trough
træ- wooden
træbismer- small portable wooden scale
trækar- wooden container
træskoe, træsko- wooden shoes
træhaver, træe haver- wooden extensions for wagon sides
trøje- sweater
tækkelad- a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
tøj- clothes
tønde- barrel
tørklæde- head scarf
tørvespade- peat spade

U
ulmerdug, olmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
underkjole- petticoat
underdyne- type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
ungsvin- young pig

V
vaar, vår- pillowcases
vadmel- homespun
vandspand- water bucket
vanter- mittens
vest- vest
vin- wine
vindovn- stove with combustion door facing the living room
vogn- wagon
vraaskab- corner cabinet
vugge- crib
væder, vædder- ram
vægge- wedge

Æ
ærmer- loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests

Ø
øl, ølle- ale, beer
ølflaske- beer bottle
øl kande, ølkande- beer jug or pitcher
øltragt, ølle tragt- funnel for pouring beer into bottles
øreballie, ørebalje- wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
øxe, økse- ax

Websites[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Denmark,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1998.
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