Sweden Business and Occupations: Difference between revisions

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| link5=[[Sweden Business and Occupations|Business and Occupations]]
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==Online Resources==
*'''1752-1941''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20339/sweden-sailors-seamen%E2%80%99s-house-enrollments?s=275764761 Sweden, Sailors and Seamen’s House Enrollments] at MyHeritage — index ($)
==Occupations==


Occupations are an important tool for the family history researcher. They help us to identify the same person when there are others in the same record by the same name. They help us to understand our ancestors’ life circumstances. <br>  
Occupations are an important tool for the family history researcher. They help us to identify the same person when there are others in the same record by the same name. They help us to understand our ancestors’ life circumstances. <br>  
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This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br>  
This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br>  


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| border="1" class="sortable"
|-
|+ '''Sortable table'''
!Occupation
!Short definition
!Full definition
|-
|abbot
|abbot
|
|-
|accismästare
|customs officer
|Customs officer, who collected duty on goods at the entrance of a city (Lilla landtullen). He also made sure the merchants and the tradesmen paid duty on their goods they had in stock.
|-
|-
|ackuschörska
! Occupation
|a midwife
! Short definition
|<br>
! class="unsortable" | Full definition
|-
|-
|adelsbussar
| abbot
|(military) soldier of lower rank
| abbot
|A soldier of lower rank and less pay than a non-commissioned officer but with higher pay than the enlisted soldier. Often a young nobleman, who joined the army as a volunteer.
|  
|-
|-
|adelsman
| accismästare
|nobleman
| customs officer
|
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Accismästare|Accismästare]]
|-
|-
|adelssven
| ackuschörska
|page (youth)
| a midwife
|A young nobleman, who worked at a Royal Court.
| <br>
|-
|-
|adjunctus sacri ministerii
| adelsbussar
|(latin) pastorsadjunkt
| (military) soldier of lower rank
|see adjunkt
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Adelsbussar|Adelsbussar]]
|-
|-
|adjunkt
| adelsman
|teacher
| nobleman
|(civil) teacher, 2nd level university, higher learning, or seminary; (ecclesiastical) pastorsadjunkt or pastoratsadjunkt
|  
|-
|-
|administer, administra
| adelssven
|(latin) attendant, and assistant
| page (youth)  
|
| A young nobleman, who worked at a Royal Court.
|-
|-
|administrator
| adjunctus sacri ministerii
|(latin) administrator
| (latin) pastorsadjunkt
|
| see adjunkt
|-
|-
|advocat
| adjunkt
|lawyer, attorney
| teacher
|
| (civil) teacher, 2nd level university, higher learning, or seminary; (ecclesiastical) pastorsadjunkt or pastoratsadjunkt
|-
|-
|advocatus ecclesiae
| administer, administra
|(latin) lawyer of the assembly
| (latin) attendant, and assistant
|
|  
|-
|-
|aedituus
| administrator
|(latin) keeper of the sacristy
| (latin) administrator
|person in charge of the sacristy and ceremonial equipment
|  
|-
|-
|aftonsångspredikant
| advocat
|evening-service preacher
| lawyer, attorney
|
|  
|-
|-
|agent
| advocatus ecclesiae
|agent, representative
| (latin) lawyer of the assembly
|
|  
|-
|-
|aktor
| aedituus
|accuser, impeacher, prosecutor
| (latin) keeper of the sacristy
|
| person in charge of the sacristy and ceremonial equipment
|-
|-
|aktris
| aftonsångspredikant
|actress
| evening-service preacher
|female play actor, performer
|  
|-
|-
|aktör
| agent
|actor
| agent, representative
|male play actor, performer
|  
|-
|-
|allmänningsbonde
| aktor
|common farmer, peasant, or man
| accuser, impeacher, prosecutor
|
|  
|-
|-
|allmäningskarl
| aktris
|common farmer, peasant, or man
| actress
|
| female play actor, performer
|-
|-
|amiral
| aktör
|admiral (military)
| actor
|
| male play actor, performer
|-
|-
|anförare
| allmänningsbonde
|leader, chief, commander, captain-general, captain (1788)
| common farmer, peasant, or man
|
|  
|-
|-
|angivare
| allmäningskarl
|informer (1788)
| common farmer, peasant, or man
|
|  
|-
|-
|anklagare
| amiral
|accuser, impeacher (1788)
| admiral (military)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|ansättare
| anförare
|(military) rammer
| leader, chief, commander, captain-general, captain (1788)  
|service position with ramrods
|  
|-
|-
|apotekare
| angivare
|pharmaceutical chemist, pharmacist
| informer (1788)
|
|  
|-
|-
|arbetare
| anklagare
|worker, laborer
| accuser, impeacher (1788)
|
|  
|-
|-
|arbetskarl
| ansättare
|male worker, workman, laborer
| (military) rammer
|
| service position with ramrods
|-
|-
|arbetsman
| apotekare
|male worker, workman, laborer
| pharmaceutical chemist, pharmacist
|
|  
|-
|-
|arbk.
| arbetskarl  
|abbreviation for arbetskarl
| male worker, workman, laborer  
|male worker, workman, laborer
|
|-
|-
|arkebusier
| arbetsman
|(military) member of firing squad
| male worker, workman, laborer
|arkebusera is to shoot by order of the court
|  
|-
|-
|arkibiskop
| arbk.
|(1788) archbishop
| abbreviation for arbetskarl
|modern Swedish ärkebiskop
| male worker, workman, laborer
|-
|-
|arklimästare
| arkebusier
|(military) gunner
| (military) member of firing squad
|gunner's mate, quarter gunner (from 1829)
| arkebusera is to shoot by order of the court
|-
|-
|arrendator
| arkibiskop
|tenant farmer, leaseholder
| (1788) archbishop
|A person whose occupation is based upon a lease agreement (''arrendekontrakt''). This contract could be for the usage of land, hunting rights, or the use of outbuildings in exchange for an agreed amount of money, commodities, or land products. The contract was subject to specific conditions of usage and dates of validity that were agreed upon between the lessor and lessee.
| modern Swedish ärkebiskop
|-
|-
|artillerist
| arklimästare
|(military) man of the artillery
| (military) gunner
|
| gunner's mate, quarter gunner (from 1829)
|-
|-
|artillerikonstapel
| arrendator
|(military) bombardier
| tenant farmer, leaseholder
|
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Arrendator|Arrendator]]
|-
|-
|assessor
| artillerist
|assessor
| (military) man of the artillery
|
|  
|-
|-
|assuradör
| artillerikonstapel
|insurer, underwriter
| (military) bombardier
|
|  
|-
|-
|auktionist, auktionskommissarie
| assessor
|auctioneer
| assessor
|one who performs auctions for public sale
|  
|-
|-
|auktor, autor
| assuradör
|author
| insurer, underwriter
|author, penman, writer (1829)
|  
|-
|-
|avisskrivare
| auktionist, auktionskommissarie
|newswriter
| auctioneer
|gazetteer, or newswriter
| one who performs auctions for public sale
|-
|-
|avskedad soldat
| auktor, autor
|discharged, resigned soldier
| author
|
| author, penman, writer (1829)
|-
|-
|avskrivare (1788)
| avisskrivare
|transcriber, copier
| newswriter
|
| gazetteer, or newswriter
|-
|-
|axplockare
| avskedad soldat
|gleaner
| discharged, resigned soldier
|gleaning, earing, after gathering
|  
|-
|-
|backstuguhjon
| avskrivare (1788)  
|cottager (1788)
| transcriber, copier
|see backstugusittare
|
|-
|-
|backstugusittare
| axplockare
|cottager
| gleaner
|one who lived in a small cottage, dugout, or hut. See: [[Swedish Occupation: Backstugusittare|Backstugusittare]]
| gleaning, earing, after gathering
|-
|-
|badare
| backstuguhjon
|keeper of a bath house (1788)
| cottager (1788)  
|
| see backstugusittare
|-
|-
|badaremästare
| backstugusittare
|barber surgeon
| cottager
|
| one who lived in a small cottage, dugout, or hut. See: [[Swedish Occupation: Backstugusittare|Backstugusittare]]
|-
|-
|badmästare
| badare
|bath-keeper
| keeper of a bath house (1788)
|(1889)
|  
|-
|-
|bagare
| badaremästare
|baker
| barber surgeon
|
|  
|-
|-
|bagaregesäll
| badmästare
|baker's man
| bath-keeper
|
| (1889)
|-
|-
|bagarelärling
| bagare
|baker's apprentice, baker's boy, bread chipper
| baker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|bagaremästare
| bagaregesäll
|master baker
| baker's man
|
|  
|-
|-
|banérförare
| bagarelärling
|(military) standard bearer, ensign bearer
| baker's apprentice, baker's boy, bread chipper
|
|  
|-
|-
|banérherre
| bagaremästare
|(military) banneret
| master baker
|
|  
|-
|-
|banér-riddare
| banérförare
|(military) knight banneret
| (military) standard bearer, ensign bearer
|
|  
|-
|-
|bankvaktmästare
| banérherre
|porter, messenger at a bank
| (military) banneret
|
|  
|-
|-
|banmästare
| banér-riddare
|overseer of a railway line
| (military) knight banneret
|
|  
|-
|-
|barberare
| bankvaktmästare
|barber, shaver
| porter, messenger at a bank
|
|  
|-
|-
|barberarebiträde
| banmästare
|barber's assistant
| overseer of a railway line
|
|  
|-
|-
|barberaregesäll
| barberare
|journeyman barber
| barber, shaver
|
|  
|-
|-
|barberarelärling
| barberarebiträde
|barber's apprentice
| barber's assistant
|
|  
|-
|-
|barkare
| barberaregesäll
|tanner
| journeyman barber
|(1829)
|  
|-
|-
|barnförlossare
| barberarelärling
|male midwife
| barber's apprentice
|
|  
|-
|-
|barnmorska
| barkare
|female midwife
| tanner
|
| (1829)
|-
|-
|barnpiga
| barnförlossare
|maid for children
| male midwife
|
|  
|-
|-
|barnsköterska
| barnmorska
|female nurse (not wet nurse)
| female midwife
|
|  
|-
|-
|baron
| barnpiga
|baron
| maid for children
|baron is a title used later for friherrar. Between 1626 and 1719 the nobility was divided into three classes. Friherrar belonged to the second class, yet still considered high nobility. After the dismantlement of the classes, the friherrar continued as nobility (some titled, others not) with a coat of arms.
|  
|-
|-
|basunist
| barnsköterska
|trumpeter
| female nurse (not wet nurse)
|performer on the trumpet, or trombone
|  
|-
|-
|bataljonsadjuntant
| baron
|(military) sergeant-major
| baron
|
| baron is a title used later for friherrar. Between 1626 and 1719 the nobility was divided into three classes. Friherrar belonged to the second class, yet still considered high nobility. After the dismantlement of the classes, the friherrar continued as nobility (some titled, others not) with a coat of arms.
|-
|-
|bataljonschef
| basunist
|(military) commander of a battalion
| trumpeter
|
| performer on the trumpet, or trombone
|-
|-
|batterikonstapel
| bataljonsadjuntant
|(military) battalion bombardier
| (military) sergeant-major
|
|  
|-
|-
|bedragare
| bataljonschef
|cheat, impostor, deceiver
| (military) commander of a battalion
|
|  
|-
|-
|befallningshavande
| batterikonstapel
|governor, magistrate, officer in command
| (military) battalion bombardier
|Kungens ...His Majesties county government board, high sheriff
|  
|-
|-
|befallningsman
| bedragare
|bailiff, husbandry, overseer
| cheat, impostor, deceiver
|
|  
|-
|-
|befallningsman (konungens)
| befallningshavande
|county governor
| governor, magistrate, officer in command
|Also seen as abbreviation ''befalm''.
| Kungens ...His Majesties county government board, high sheriff
|-
|-
|befaren båtsman
| befallningsman
|(military) traveling sailor
| bailiff, husbandry, overseer
|
|  
|-
|-
|befordrare
| befallningsman (konungens)
|promoter, advancer, forwarder, furtherer (1788)
| county governor
|
| Also seen as abbreviation befalm.
|-
|-
|befällningshavande
| befaren båtsman
|officer in command
| (military) traveling sailor
|
|  
|-
|-
|beherskare
| befordrare
|commander (1788), ruler, master, monarch, overruler, controller (1889)
| promoter, advancer, forwarder, furtherer (1788)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|bensamlare
| befällningshavande
|rag and bone seller, bone hunter
| officer in command
|
|  
|-
|-
|bergmästare
| beherskare
|minemaster (1829)
| commander (1788), ruler, master, monarch, overruler, controller (1889)  
|mineral surveyor as a government official (1889)
|
|-
|-
|bergsarbetare
| bensamlare
|miner
| rag and bone seller, bone hunter
|
|  
|-
|-
|bergsbruksidkare
| bergmästare
|mining man
| minemaster (1829)
|
| mineral surveyor as a government official (1889)
|-
|-
|bergsfogde
| bergsarbetare
|bailiff of a mine
| miner
|a subordinate officer whose business lies in affairs relating to the mines (1788)
|  
|-
|-
|bergshauptman
| bergsbruksidkare
|mine inspector
| mining man
|
|  
|-
|-
|bergskarl
| bergsfogde
|miner
| bailiff of a mine
|
| a subordinate officer whose business lies in affairs relating to the mines (1788)
|-
|-
|bergslagsman
| bergshauptman
|miner, proprietor of a mine
| mine inspector
|
|  
|-
|-
|bergsman
| bergskarl
|miner
| miner  
|part owner of a mine (1788)
|  
|-
|-
|bergsprångare
| bergslagsman
|miner
| miner, proprietor of a mine
|one who blows up rocks with gunpowder, miner (1788)
|  
|-
|-
|bergsråd
| bergsman
|
| miner
|counsellor in the board relating to mineral affairs (1788)
| part owner of a mine (1788)
|-
|-
|beridare
| bergsprångare
|horsebreaker, riding master
| miner
|
| one who blows up rocks with gunpowder, miner (1788)
|-
|-
|beskattningsman
| bergsråd
|taxer, assessor
|  
|
| counsellor in the board relating to mineral affairs (1788)
|-
|-
|beslagare
| beridare
|seizer, confiscator, setter
| horsebreaker, riding master
|a kind of bailiff (1788)
|  
|-
|-
|beslagskarl
| beskattningsman
|see beslagare
| taxer, assessor
|
|  
|-
|-
|besökare
| beslagare
|customs official (1889), visitor (modern)
| seizer, confiscator, setter
|
| a kind of bailiff (1788)
|-
|-
|betalare
| beslagskarl
|paymaster (1788)
| see beslagare
|
|  
|-
|-
|betjänt
| besökare
|servant, civil servant
| customs official (1889), visitor (modern)
|
|  
|-
|-
|bettlare
| betalare
|beggar
| paymaster (1788)
|
|  
|-
|-
|bevaktare
| betjänt
|guard, keeper
| servant, civil servant
|
|  
|-
|-
|bevakningsbefälhavare
| bettlare
|captain of the watch
| beggar
|
|  
|-
|-
|bevarare
| bevaktare
|preserver, saver, conservator
| guard, keeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|beväringskarl
| bevakningsbefälhavare
|militia man, conscript
| captain of the watch
|
|  
|-
|-
|beväringsman
| bevarare
|militia man, conscript
| preserver, saver, conservator
|
|  
|-
|-
|bibliotekarie
| beväringskarl
|librarian
| militia man, conscript
|
|  
|-
|-
|bijouterihandlare
| beväringsman
|dealer in jewelry, trinkets
| militia man, conscript
|
|  
|-
|-
|bildhuggare
| bibliotekarie
|sculptor, statuary, carver
| librarian
|
|  
|-
|-
|bildskärare
| bijouterihandlare
|se bildsnidare
| dealer in jewelry, trinkets
|
|  
|-
|-
|bildsnidare
| bildhuggare
|sculptor
| sculptor, statuary, carver
|
|  
|-
|-
|biljettförsäljare
| bildskärare
|ticket seller, booking clerk
| se bildsnidare
|
|  
|-
|-
|biljettförsäljerska
| bildsnidare
|ticket seller, booking clerk (woman)
| sculptor
|
|  
|-
|-
|bilöpare
| biljettförsäljare
|interloper
| ticket seller, booking clerk
|a illegal or unlicensed trader
|  
|-
|-
|bindare
| biljettförsäljerska
|tier, binder, fastener
| ticket seller, booking clerk (woman)
|for example net making
|  
|-
|-
|biodlare
| bilöpare
|bee-keeper, bee-master, apiarist
| interloper
|
| a illegal or unlicensed trader
|-
|-
|biskop
| bindare
|bishop
| tier, binder, fastener
|sometimes abbreviated as bisp.
| for example net making
|-
|-
|biskötare
| biodlare
|bee-keeper, bee-master
| bee-keeper, bee-master, apiarist
|
|  
|-
|-
|biträde
| biskop
|assistant
| bishop
|
| sometimes abbreviated as bisp.
|-
|-
|bjudare
| biskötare
|inviter, asker, offerer, bidder
| bee-keeper, bee-master
|
|  
|-
|-
|bleckslagare
| biträde
|tin smith, white smith, tinner, tinman
| assistant
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith: see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|blockmakare
| bjudare
|block maker, pulley maker
| inviter, asker, offerer, bidder
|
|  
|-
|-
|blodigelodlare
| bleckslagare
|cultivator of leeches
| tin smith, white smith, tinner, tinman
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith:&nbsp;see:&nbsp;[[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|blomsterhandlare
| blockmakare
|flower seller (male)
| block maker, pulley maker
|also known as blomstermånglare
|  
|-
|-
|blomsterhandlerska
| blodigelodlare
|flower seller (female)
| cultivator of leeches
|also known as blomstermånglerska
|  
|-
|-
|blomsterodlare
| blomsterhandlare
|cultivator of flowers, florist
| flower seller (male)
|
| also known as blomstermånglare
|-
|-
|blossbärare
| blomsterhandlerska
|torch-bearer
| flower seller (female)
|
| also known as blomstermånglerska
|-
|-
|blyarbetare
| blomsterodlare
|lead worker, plumber
| cultivator of flowers, florist
|
|  
|-
|-
|blyfalsare
| blossbärare
|plumber
| torch-bearer
|
|  
|-
|-
|blystöpare
| blyarbetare
|plumber
| lead worker, plumber  
|
|  
|-
|-
|blytäckare
| blyfalsare
|plumber
| plumber  
|
|  
|-
|-
|bodbetjent
| blystöpare
|shopkeeper's clerk, shopman, counterman
| plumber
|
|  
|-
|-
|boddräng
| blytäckare
|shop hand
| plumber
|
|  
|-
|-
|bodflicka
| bodbetjent
|shop girl, shop maid
| shopkeeper's clerk, shopman, counterman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bodgosse
| boddräng
|shop boy, shop keepers apprentice
| shop hand
|
|  
|-
|-
|bodhandlare
| bodflicka
|shopkeeper, tradesman
| shop girl, shop maid
|
|  
|-
|-
|bodmamsell
| bodgosse
|shop girl, shop woman
| shop boy, shop keepers apprentice
|
|  
|-
|-
|bokbindare
| bodhandlare
|bookbinder
| shopkeeper, tradesman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bokförare
| bodmamsell
|book keeper
| shop girl, shop woman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bokhandlare
| bokbindare
|bookseller
| bookbinder
|
|  
|-
|-
|bokhållare
| bokförare
|book keeper
| book keeper  
|same as bokförare
|  
|-
|-
|bokhäftare
| bokhandlare
|book stitcher
| bookseller
|
|  
|-
|-
|bokmakare
| bokhållare
|book wright, book maker
| book keeper
|
| same as bokförare
|-
|-
|bonde
| bokhäftare
|farmer, peasant, countryman, husbandman
| book stitcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|bondedräng
| bokmakare
|farm hand
| book wright, book maker
|a farmer's man, young peasant
|  
|-
|-
|bondeflicka
| bonde
|country girl
| farmer, peasant, countryman, husbandman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bondepiga
| bondedräng
|peasant's maid
| farm hand
|
| a farmer's man, young peasant
|-
|-
|borgare
| bondeflicka
|citizen, burgher
| country girl
|member of the bourgeois, townsman, tradesman, citizen of a city (meaning certain rights within the city)
|  
|-
|-
|borgmästare
| bondepiga
|mayor
| peasant's maid
|in England and North America.. mayor, in Scotland.. provost, in Holland, Belgium, Flanders, and Germany.. burgomaster.
|  
|-
|-
|borrare
| borgare
|borer, driller, piercer, perforator
| citizen, burgher
|
| member of the bourgeois, townsman, tradesman, citizen of a city (meaning certain rights within the city)
|-
|-
|borrmakare
| borgmästare
|bit forger
| mayor
|a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
| in England and North America.. mayor, in Scotland.. provost, in Holland, Belgium, Flanders, and Germany.. burgomaster.
|-
|-
|borrsmed
| borrare
|bit smith
| borer, driller, piercer, perforator
|a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits  If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|boskapshandlare
| borrmakare
|dealer of livestock
| bit forger
|
| a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
|-
|-
|boskapsherde
| borrsmed
|herdsman
| bit smith
|
| a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see:&nbsp;[[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|boskapsskötare
| boskapshandlare
|stockman
| dealer of livestock
|
|  
|-
|-
|boskapsvaktare
| boskapsherde
|herdsman
| herdsman  
|
|  
|-
|-
|boställshavare
| boskapsskötare
|holder (occupier) of (an official) residence
| stockman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bouppteckningsman
| boskapsvaktare
|person who inventories (1889)
| herdsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|boutredningsman
| boställshavare
|administrator
| holder (occupier) of (an official) residence
|
|  
|-
|-
|brandmästare
| bouppteckningsman
|fire warden
| person who inventories (1889)
|
|  
|-
|-
|braständare
| boutredningsman
|fire lighter
| administrator
|
|  
|-
|-
|brevbärare
| brandmästare
|letter carrier, postman
| fire warden
|
|  
|-
|-
|brevdragare
| braständare
|see brevbärare
| fire lighter
|
|  
|-
|-
|brevskrivare
| brevbärare
|letter writer
| letter carrier, postman
|
|  
|-
|-
|brevställare
| brevdragare
|see brevskrivare
| see brevbärare
|
|  
|-
|-
|brobyggare
| brevskrivare
|bridge builder
| letter writer
|
|  
|-
|-
|broderare
| brevställare
|embroiderer
| see brevskrivare
|
|  
|-
|-
|broläggare
| brobyggare
|bridge builder, paver
| bridge builder  
|
|  
|-
|-
|bromästare
| broderare
|bridge master
| embroiderer
|
|  
|-
|-
|bronsarbetare
| broläggare
|worker in bronze
| bridge builder, paver
|
|  
|-
|-
|bronsgjutare
| bromästare
|bronze founder, brazier
| bridge master
|
|  
|-
|-
|brottmålsdomare
| bronsarbetare
|judge criminal
| worker in bronze
|
|  
|-
|-
|brottmålsnoterie
| bronsgjutare
|crown clerk
| bronze founder, brazier
|
|  
|-
|-
|brovaktare
| brottmålsdomare
|guard of a bridge
| judge criminal
|
|  
|-
|-
|brovindare
| brottmålsnoterie
|bridge driver
| crown clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|brukare
| brovaktare
|user, employer, (in the case of arrendator) a tenant, leaseholder
| guard of a bridge
|
|  
|-
|-
|bruksarbetare
| brovindare
|factoryman, workman employed on a manufacturing estate; workman in the employment of the iron works, foundryman, mill hand
| bridge driver
|
|  
|-
|-
|bruksegare
| brukare
|proprietor of a manufacturing estate
| user, employer, (in the case of arrendator) a tenant, leaseholder
|
|  
|-
|-
|bryggare
| bruksarbetare
|brewer
| factoryman, workman employed on a manufacturing estate; workman in the employment of the iron works, foundryman, mill hand
|
|  
|-
|-
|brännmästare
| bruksegare
|master distiller
| proprietor of a manufacturing estate
|
|  
|-
|-
|brännvinsbrännare
| bryggare
|brandy distiller
| brewer
|
|  
|-
|-
|buntmakare
| brännmästare
|fur merchant, furrier, fellmonger
| master distiller
|
|  
|-
|-
|byfogde
| brännvinsbrännare
|hamlet bailiff
| brandy distiller
|
|  
|-
|-
|byggare, byggkarl
| buntmakare
|builder, architect, constructor, founder
| fur merchant, furrier, fellmonger
|
|  
|-
|-
|byggmästare
| byfogde
|master builder, contractor
| hamlet bailiff
|
|  
|-
|-
|bykerska
| byggare, byggkarl
|washerwoman
| builder, architect, constructor, founder
|
|  
|-
|-
|byskomakare
| byggmästare
|village shoemaker
| master builder, contractor
|
|  
|-
|-
|bågflytt
| bykerska
|archer, bowman
| washerwoman
|
|  
|-
|-
|båtsman, b.m., B.m.
| byskomakare
|(military) seaman, sailor
| village shoemaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|bälgmakare
| bågflytt
|bellows-maker
| archer, bowman
|
|  
|-
|-
|bödel
| båtsman, b.m., B.m.
|executioner
| (military) seaman, sailor
|
|  
|-
|-
|bösseskytt
| bälgmakare
|(military)
| bellows-maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|bössmed
| bödel
|gunsmith
| executioner
|
|  
|-
|-
|cantor
| bösseskytt
|(latin)
| (military)  
|in latin refers to singing or music, in the church records see klockare
|  
|-
|-
|curatus
| bössmed
|(latin)
| gunsmith
|kyrkopräst, kyrkoherde, kapellan
|  
|-
|-
|custod
| cantor
|(latin)
| (latin)  
|guardian, watchman, keeper, attendant
| in latin refers to singing or music, in the church records see klockare
|-
|-
|d., dr.
| curatus
|abbreviation for dräng
| (latin)
|
| kyrkopräst, kyrkoherde, kapellan
|-
|-
|dagkarl, daglönare
| custod
|day laborer
| (latin)
|
| guardian, watchman, keeper, attendant
|-
|-
|danneman
| d., dr.
|yeoman, countryman, farmer
| abbreviation for dräng
|
|  
|-
|-
|degn
| dagkarl, daglönare
|assistant to the priest
| day laborer
|The term "degn" is a Danish title for an assistant to the parish priest. The term can be found in the records for areas of modern Sweden that have Danish roots (Skåne, Halland, etc.)
|  
|-
|-
|deja, dejpiga
| danneman
|maidservant, milkmaid
| yeoman, countryman, farmer
|
|  
|-
|-
|demoiselle
| degn
|Miss
| assistant to the priest
|
| The term "degn" is a Danish title for an assistant to the parish priest. The term can be found in the records for areas of modern Sweden that have Danish roots (Skåne, Halland, etc.)
|-
|-
|d.g.
| deja, dejpiga
|
| maidservant, milkmaid
|
|  
|-
|-
|disponent
| demoiselle
|manager, gerant, agent, managing clerk
| Miss
|
|  
|-
|-
|domare
| d.g.
|judge
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|domesticus
| domare
|(latin)
| judge
|servant, one who serves in a household
|  
|-
|-
|domprost
| domesticus
|dean
| (latin)
|see also prestman
| servant, one who serves in a household
|-
|-
|dr.
| domprost
|abbreviation for dräng
| dean
|
| see also prestman
|-
|-
|drabant, dravant
| dr.
|(military) yeoman of the guard, beefeater
| abbreviation for dräng
|
|  
|-
|-
|dragon
| drabant, dravant
|(military) heavy and light cavalryman
| (military) yeoman of the guard, beefeater
|
|  
|-
|-
|dräng, dr.
| dragon
|farmhand, man servant, bachelor
| (military) heavy and light cavalryman
|
|  
|-
|-
|däga
| dräng, dr.
|see deja
| farmhand, man servant, bachelor
|
|  
|-
|-
|emigrantagent
| däga
|emigrant agent
| see deja
|
|  
|-
|-
|emigrantvärvare
| emigrantagent
|emigrant agent
| emigrant agent  
|
|  
|-
|-
|extra roteringsmän
| emigrantvärvare
|
| emigrant agent
|
|  
|-
|-
|fabriksarbetare
| extra roteringsmän
|factory worker
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|famnmätare
| fabriksarbetare
|corder of wood
| factory worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|fanjunkare
| famnmätare
|(military) sergeant major, staff sergeant, quartermaster sergeant (1889)
| corder of wood
|
|  
|-
|-
|fatburshustru
| fanjunkare
|wife of a storekeeper
| (military) sergeant major, staff sergeant, quartermaster sergeant (1889)
|
|  
|-
|-
|fatburssven
| fatburshustru
|storehouse apprentice
| wife of a storekeeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|fattighjon
| fatburssven
|pauper
| storehouse apprentice
|
|  
|-
|-
|filtare
| fattighjon
|felter
| pauper
|
|  
|-
|-
|finbagare
| filtare
|pastry cook
| felter
|
|  
|-
|-
|fiolmakare
| finbagare
|violen maker
| pastry cook
|
|  
|-
|-
|fiskare
| fiolmakare
|fisherman
| violen maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|fiskarflicka
| fiskare
|fisher girl
| fisherman
|
|  
|-
|-
|fiskargosse
| fiskarflicka
|fisher boy
| fisher girl
|
|  
|-
|-
|fiskhandlare
| fiskargosse
|fish salesman, fish hawker
| fisher boy
|
|  
|-
|-
|fjerdingsman
| fiskhandlare
|under bailiff of a härad
| fish salesman, fish hawker
|
|  
|-
|-
|fjäderarbetare
| fjerdingsman
|feather maker
| under bailiff of a härad
|
|  
|-
|-
|fjärdingsman
| fjäderarbetare
|see fjerdingsman
| feather maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|flickare
| fjärdingsman
|cobbler, botcher, patcher
| see fjerdingsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|fogde
| flickare
|governor (of a castle), or steward of a manor (1829 and 1889)
| cobbler, botcher, patcher
|also means sheriff, bailiff, marshall (1944)
|  
|-
|-
|forbonde
| fogde
|carter, wagoner
| governor (of a castle), or steward of a manor (1829 and 1889)
|
| also means sheriff, bailiff, marshall (1944)
|-
|-
|forman
| forbonde
|see forbonde
| carter, wagoner
|
|  
|-
|-
|formare
| forman
|moulder (1829)
| see forbonde
|
|  
|-
|-
|friborgare
| formare
|freeman, citizen of a freetown (1829)
| moulder (1829)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|frihandlare
| friborgare
|free trader
| freeman, citizen of a freetown (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|friherre
| frihandlare
|baron
| free trader
|
|  
|-
|-
|friherrinna
| friherre
|baroness
| baron
|
|  
|-
|-
|fru
| friherrinna
|Mrs.
| baroness
|
|  
|-
|-
|frälse
| fru
|nobility
| Mrs.
|
|  
|-
|-
|frälsebonde
| frälse
|a farmer who holds his land of a nobleman, chief tenant
| nobility
|
|  
|-
|-
|frälsetorpare
| frälsebonde
|see frälsebonde
| a farmer who holds his land of a nobleman, chief tenant
|
|  
|-
|-
|fröken
| frälsetorpare
|lady, honorable Miss
| see frälsebonde
|
|  
|-
|-
|fyrvaktare
| fröken
|lighthouse man
| lady, honorable Miss
|
|  
|-
|-
|fyrverkare
| fyrvaktare
|(military) fire worker
| lighthouse man
|
|  
|-
|-
|fågelfängare
| fyrverkare
|bird catcher, birder, birdman
| (military) fire worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|fånggevald, fånggevaldiger
| fågelfängare
|A person who guards prisoners during transporting of prisoners
| bird catcher, birder, birdman
|
|  
|-
|-
|fårherde
| fånggevald, fånggevaldiger
|sheep tender, shepherd
| A person who guards prisoners during transporting of prisoners
|
|  
|-
|-
|fårklippare
| fårherde
|sheep shearer
| sheep tender, shepherd
|
|  
|-
|-
|fädräng
| fårklippare
|male herdsman, working with cattle
| sheep shearer
|
|  
|-
|-
|fäflicka
| fädräng
|female herder, working with cattle
| male herdsman, working with cattle  
|
|  
|-
|-
|fäktmästare
| fäflicka
|fencing master, master swordsman
| female herder, working with cattle
|
|  
|-
|-
|fältbagare
| fäktmästare
|army baker
| fencing master, master swordsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|fältjägare
| fältbagare
|army ranger
| army baker
|
|  
|-
|-
|fältpredikant
| fältjägare
| army chaplain
| army ranger&nbsp;
|
|  
|-
|-
|fältskär
| fältpredikant
|assistant army surgeon, barber- surgeon
| &nbsp;army chaplain&nbsp;
|
|  
|-
|-
|fältväbel
| fältskär
|(military) sergeant major
| assistant army surgeon, barber- surgeon
|
|  
|-
|-
|fänrik
| fältväbel
| (military) ensign (carries a banner), junior lietutenant
| (military) sergeant major
|also seen as fändrik
|  
|-
|-
|färgare
| fänrik
|dyer, stainer
| &nbsp;(military) ensign (carries a banner), junior lietutenant&nbsp;
|
| also seen as fändrik
|-
|-
|färgaregesäll
| färgare
|journeyman dyer
| dyer, stainer
|
|  
|-
|-
|färikarl
| färgaregesäll
|ferryman (1829)
| journeyman dyer
|
|  
|-
|-
|färsing
| färikarl
|weaver, common weaver
| ferryman (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|fästebonde
| färsing
|a tenant farmer
| weaver, common weaver
|This farmer works a farm under contract (fästebrev) from a main farm
|  
|-
|-
|förare
| fästebonde
|carrier, transporter, conductor, military: NCO, sergeant
| a tenant farmer
|meaning varies with context: profession- conductor, railroad- guard, guider, travel- guide, leader, navigator, escort
| This farmer works a farm under contract (fästebrev) from a main farm
|-
|-
|föreståndare
| förare
|manager
| carrier, transporter, conductor, military: NCO, sergeant
|manager of a school, or poor house, can also mean warden of a hospital
| meaning varies with context: profession- conductor, railroad- guard, guider, travel- guide, leader, navigator, escort
|-
|-
|förpaktare
| föreståndare
|tenant farmer, leaseholder
| manager
|alias to arrendator
| manager of a school, or poor house, can also mean warden of a hospital
|-
|-
|förpantare
| förpaktare
|mortgager,
| tenant farmer, leaseholder
|
| alias to arrendator
|-
|-
|försvarslös
| förpantare
|unemployed person, vagrant, vagabond
| mortgager,  
|also means defenseless
|  
|-
|-
|garnhandlare
| försvarslös
|dealer in wools
| unemployed person, vagrant, vagabond
|
| also means defenseless
|-
|-
|garnisonssoldat
| garnhandlare
|soldier in garrison duty
| dealer in wools
|
|  
|-
|-
|garvare
| garnisonssoldat
|tanner (1829)
| soldier in garrison duty
|
|  
|-
|-
|gaständare
| garvare
|gas lighter
| tanner (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|generalbefälhavare
| gaständare
|commanding general of a district
| gas lighter
|
|  
|-
|-
|generallöjtnant
| generalbefälhavare
|lieutenant general
| commanding general of a district
|
|  
|-
|-
|gesäll
| generallöjtnant
|journeyman
| lieutenant general
|often abbreviated as gs
|  
|-
|-
|gjutare
| gesäll
|caster, founder, moulder
| journeyman
|works at a foundry
| often abbreviated as gs
|-
|-
|glasarbetare
| gjutare
|glass worker
| caster, founder, moulder
|
| works at a foundry
|-
|-
|glasblåsare
| glasarbetare
|glassblower
| glass worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|glasfabrikant
| glasblåsare
|glassmaker
| glassblower
|
|  
|-
|-
|glashandlare
| glasfabrikant
|glassman
| glassmaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|glasmakare, glasverkare
| glashandlare
|glassmaker
| glassman
|
|  
|-
|-
|glasmålare
| glasmakare, glasverkare
|glass painter
| glassmaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|glasslipare
| glasmålare
|glass cutter, glass grinder
| glass painter
|
|  
|-
|-
|glasögonmakare
| glasslipare
|maker of glasses, spectacle maker
| glass cutter, glass grinder
|
|  
|-
|-
|glättare
| glasögonmakare
|glosser, glazer, levigator
| maker of glasses, spectacle maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|gratialist
| glättare
|pensionary (1889)
| glosser, glazer, levigator
|person who receives or lives on a pension
|  
|-
|-
|grenadjär
| gratialist
|(military) grenadier, infantryman
| pensionary (1889)  
|
| person who receives or lives on a pension
|-
|-
|grosshandlare
| grenadjär
|merchant, wholesale merchant, dealer
| (military) grenadier, infantryman
|
|  
|-
|-
|gruvarbetare
| grosshandlare
|miner
| merchant, wholesale merchant, dealer
|
|  
|-
|-
|gruvbrytare
| gruvarbetare
|miner
| miner  
|
|  
|-
|-
|gruvförvaltare
| gruvbrytare
|mine owner, puser to a mining company
| miner
|
|  
|-
|-
|gruvkarl
| gruvförvaltare
|see gruvarbetare
| mine owner, puser to a mining company
|
|  
|-
|-
|grönsakshandlare
| gruvkarl
|green grocer
| see gruvarbetare
|also known as grönsaksmånglare
|  
|-
|-
|gs.
| grönsakshandlare
|
| green grocer
|abbreviation for gesäll
| also known as grönsaksmånglare
|-
|-
|guldarbetare
| gs.
|goldsmith (1829)
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
| abbreviation for gesäll
|-
|-
|guldsmed
| guldarbetare
|goldsmith (1829)
| goldsmith (1829)  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|gårdsbrukare
| guldsmed
|farmer
| goldsmith (1829)
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|gårdsdräng
| gårdsbrukare
|see dräng
| farmer
|
|  
|-
|-
|gårdsfogde
| gårdsdräng
|see befallningsman
| see dräng
|
|  
|-
|-
|gästgivare
| gårdsfogde
|innkeeper
| see befallningsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|gördelmakare, götlemakare
| gästgivare
|brazier, girdler (1829, 1889)
| innkeeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|hammarmästare
| gördelmakare, götlemakare
|forge master
| brazier, girdler (1829, 1889)
|
|  
|-
|-
|hammarsmed
| hammarmästare
|forger, hammerman
| forge master
|
|  
|-
|-
|hamnfogde
| hammarsmed
|overseer of a port
| forger, hammerman
|
|  
|-
|-
|hamnkapten
| hamnfogde
|harbor master
| overseer of a port
|
|  
|-
|-
|handelsidkare
| hamnkapten
|trader, merchandiser
| harbor master
|
|  
|-
|-
|handelsman
| handelsidkare
|merchant, trader
| trader, merchandiser
|
|  
|-
|-
|handhavare
| handelsman
|dispenser, administrator, distributor
| merchant, trader
|
|  
|-
|-
|handskmakare
| handhavare
|glove maker, glover
| dispenser, administrator, distributor
|
|  
|-
|-
|hantverkare
| handskmakare
|artisan, tradesman, craftsman
| glove maker, glover
|
|  
|-
|-
|hantverksgesäll
| hantverkare
|journeyman artisian
| artisan, tradesman, craftsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|hattmakare
| hantverksgesäll
|hatmaker
| journeyman artisian
|
|  
|-
|-
|hejdriddare
| hattmakare
|ranger
| hatmaker
|governmental official of the forest and hunting system of greater Sweden
|  
|-
|-
|hembiträde
| hejdriddare
|servant girl, maid
| ranger
|
| governmental official of the forest and hunting system of greater Sweden
|-
|-
|hemmansegare
| hemmansegare  
|farm owner
| farm owner  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hemmansbrukare
| hemmansbrukare  
|farmer
| farmer  
|husbandman (1829) referring to head of household
| husbandman (1829) referring to head of household
|-
|-
|hemmansägare
| hemmansägare  
|farmer, homeowner
| farmer, homeowner  
|same as jordegare
| same as jordegare
|-
|-
|herrgårdstjenst
| herrgårdstjenst  
|service at a manor
| service at a manor  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hjon
| hjon  
|person (1829, 1889)
| person (1829, 1889)  
|person who belongs to a group for example: tjänstehjon (a servant), inhyseshjon (a tenant), fattighjon (a pauper)
| person who belongs to a group for example: tjänstehjon (a servant), inhyseshjon (a tenant), fattighjon (a pauper)
|-
|-
|hjulmakare
| hjulmakare  
|wheelwright, wheeler
| wheelwright, wheeler  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hjulmakardräng
| hjulmakardräng  
|wheelwrights servant or assistant
| wheelwrights servant or assistant  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hjälphjon
| hjälphjon  
|extra hand or helper
| extra hand or helper  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hjälphustru
| hjälphustru  
|helping woman,
| helping woman,  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hovbagare (1829)
| hovbagare (1829)  
|the kings baker
| the kings baker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hovdam (1829)
| hovdam (1829)  
|lady of the court
| lady of the court  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hovbetjent (1829)
| hovbetjent (1829)  
|officer of the court
| officer of the court  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hovjunkare (1829)
| hovjunkare (1829)  
|servant to the king
| servant to the king  
|an officer who on court days sets the dishes on the kings table and carves the meat
| an officer who on court days sets the dishes on the kings table and carves the meat
|-
|-
|hovkansler
| hovkansler  
|court chancellor
| court chancellor  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hovman (1829)
| hovman (1829)  
|courtier
| courtier  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hudafdragare (1889)
| hudafdragare (1889)  
|skinner, flayer
| skinner, flayer  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husbonde (1829)
| husbonde (1829)  
|master of a family or house
| master of a family or house  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husdräng (1829)
| husdräng (1829)  
|man servant in a house
| man servant in a house  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husfader
| husfader  
|head of household, father
| head of household, father  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husflicka
| husflicka  
|girl servant in a house
| girl servant in a house  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husfolk
| husfolk  
|farmers, farm people
| farmers, farm people  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hushållare
| hushållare  
|housekeeper
| housekeeper  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husjungfru (1829)
| husjungfru (1829)  
|see hushållerska
| see hushållerska  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husmamsell
| husmamsell  
|housekeeper
| housekeeper  
|
|  
|-
|-
|husman
| husman  
|tenant farmer
| tenant farmer  
|see inhysseshjon, backstuguhjon (1829), see torpare (1889)
| see inhysseshjon, backstuguhjon (1829), see torpare (1889)
|-
|-
|husmoder
| husmoder  
|housewife, mistress of a family
| housewife, mistress of a family  
|
|  
|-
|-
|huspiga
| huspiga  
|housemaid
| housemaid  
|
|  
|-
|-
|huspredikant
| huspredikant  
|private chaplain, house preacher
| private chaplain, house preacher  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hustjänare
| hustjänare  
|house servant, domestic
| house servant, domestic  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hustru
| hustru  
|wife, mistress of a family
| wife, mistress of a family  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hyttarbetare
| hyttarbetare  
|smelter, works at a foundry
| smelter, works at a foundry  
|
|  
|-
|-
|hållkarl
| hållkarl  
|hostler
| hostler  
|one who takes care of horses or mules
| one who takes care of horses or mules
|-
|-
|hårarbetare
| hårarbetare  
|hair worker
| hair worker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|häradsbokhållare
| häradsbokhållare  
|see häradsskrivare
| see häradsskrivare  
|
|  
|-
|-
|häradsdomare
| häradsdomare  
|senior jurate
| senior jurate  
|the oldest of the jury
| the oldest of the jury
|-
|-
|häradsfogde
| häradsfogde  
|bailiff of a härad (district)
| bailiff of a härad (district)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|häradshövding
| häradshövding  
|judge of a härad (distirct), circuit judge
| judge of a härad (distirct), circuit judge  
|
|  
|-
|-
|häradsskrivare
| häradsskrivare  
|clerk to assize, deputy clerk
| clerk to assize, deputy clerk  
|compiled various tax records for their taxation district (fögderi)
|compiled various tax records for their taxation district (fögderi)
|-
|-
|hövitsman
| hövitsman  
|captain
| captain  
|
|  
|-
|-
|infanterist
| infanterist  
|foot soldier
| foot soldier  
|
|  
|-
|-
|inhyses
| inhyses  
|to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
| to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger  
|
|  
|-
|-
|inhyseshjon
| inhyseshjon  
|to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
| to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger  
|
|  
|-
|-
|inspektor
| inspektor  
|inspector
| inspector  
|inspector of a school, or steward. comparable to befallningsman, rättare
| inspector of a school, or steward. comparable to befallningsman, rättare
|-
|-
|inspektör
| inspektör  
|inspector
| inspector  
|superior, superintendent
| superior, superintendent
|-
|-
|ishandlare
| ishandlare  
|ice man, dealer of ice
| ice man, dealer of ice  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jagare
| jagare  
|hunter, chaser, pursuer
| hunter, chaser, pursuer  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jodgumma (1829)
| jodgumma (1829)  
|midwife
| midwife  
|see barnmorska
| see barnmorska
|-
|-
|jordbrukare
| jordbrukare  
|husbandman (1829)
| husbandman (1829)  
|cultivator, farmer (1889)
| cultivator, farmer (1889)
|-
|-
|jordegare
| jordegare  
|landowner, landholder, landlord
| landowner, landholder, landlord  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jordegumma
| jordegumma  
|midwife (1889)
| midwife (1889)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jungfru
| jungfru  
|maiden, virgin, miss, damsel
| maiden, virgin, miss, damsel  
|
|  
|-
|-
|junker
| junker  
|young nobleman, squire, lord, master, gentleman
| young nobleman, squire, lord, master, gentleman  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jurist
| jurist  
|lawyer
| lawyer  
|
|  
|-
|-
|justitieborgmästare
| justitieborgmästare  
|recorder
| recorder  
|
|  
|-
|-
|justitieminister
| justitieminister  
|minster of justice
| minster of justice  
|
|  
|-
|-
|justitiestatsminister
| justitiestatsminister  
|lord high chancellor, lord chief justice
| lord high chancellor, lord chief justice  
|
|  
|-
|-
|juvelerare
| juvelerare  
|jeweller
| jeweller  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jägare
| jägare  
|hunter, huntsman, woodman, ranger
| hunter, huntsman, woodman, ranger  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jägeribetjent
| jägeribetjent  
|gamekeeper
| gamekeeper  
|
|  
|-
|-
|jägmästare
| jägmästare  
|master of the forest, forester (government appointment)
| master of the forest, forester (government appointment)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|järnhandlare
| järnhandlare  
|dealer of iron
| dealer of iron  
|
|  
|-
|-
|järnvägsarbetare
| järnvägsarbetare  
|worker on a railway
| worker on a railway  
|
|  
|-
|-
|järnvägsbetjening
| järnvägsbetjening  
|service on a railway line
| service on a railway line  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kakelungsmakare
| kakelungsmakare  
|tile manufacturer, tile maker
| tile manufacturer, tile maker  
|used to make tile stoves, or a tile fireplace
| used to make tile stoves, or a tile fireplace
|-
|-
|kammarfru
| kammarfru  
|bedchamber woman
| bedchamber woman  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kammarjunkare
| kammarjunkare  
|gentleman of the king's bedchamber
| gentleman of the king's bedchamber  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kammarjungfru
| kammarjungfru  
|see kammarpiga
| see kammarpiga  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kammarjägare
| kammarjägare  
|rat hunter
| rat hunter  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kammarpiga
| kammarpiga  
|lady's maid
| lady's maid  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kammarskrivare
| kammarskrivare  
|clerk in a government office
| clerk in a government office  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kamrerare
| kamrerare  
|accountant, clerk in charge of accounts
| accountant, clerk in charge of accounts  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kanongjutare
| kanongjutare  
|cannon founder
| cannon founder  
|founder who makes cannons
| founder who makes cannons
|-
|-
|kapellmästare
| kapellmästare  
|chapel master
| chapel master  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kapellpredikant
| kapellpredikant  
|preacher at a chapel
| preacher at a chapel  
|see kaplan
| see kaplan
|-
|-
|kaplan, kapellan
| kaplan, kapellan  
|chaplain, out vicar, curate
| chaplain, out vicar, curate  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kapten
| kapten  
|(military) captain
| (military) captain  
|for example infaterikapten is a captain of infantry soldiers
| for example infaterikapten is a captain of infantry soldiers
|-
|-
|karduansmakare
| karduansmakare  
|cordwainer, leather dresser
| cordwainer, leather dresser  
|worker in cordovan leather, leather from Córdoba, Spain
| worker in cordovan leather, leather from Córdoba, Spain
|-
|-
|kavallerist
| kavallerist  
|(military) cavalryman
| (military) cavalryman  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kedjemakare
| kedjemakare  
|chain maker
| chain maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kistmakare
| kistmakare  
|box maker
| box maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kittelbotare, kittelflickare
| kittelbotare, kittelflickare  
|tinker
| tinker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kittelslagare
| kittelslagare  
|kettle maker
| kettle maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klampare
| klampare  
|a foreman at a lumberyard
| a foreman at a lumberyard  
|A foreman or supervisor at a lumberyard whose task it is to oversee the sorting of wood that is left over from the saw mill. This sorting was organized into six classifications. The classifications vary according to the production.
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Klampare|Klampare]]
|-
|-
|klensmed
| klensmed  
|locksmith, toolmaker
| locksmith, toolmaker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klockare, klr.
| klockare, klr.  
|parish clerk
| parish clerk  
|During the Middle Ages the klockare was responsible for maintaining and ringing the church bells. Over time, the klockare was given additional duties to assist the parish priest.
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Klockare|Klockare]]
|-
|-
|klockgjutare
| klockgjutare  
|bell founder
| bell founder  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klr.
| klr.  
|
|  
|abbreviation for klockare
| abbreviation for klockare
|-
|-
|kn.
| kn.  
|
|  
|abbreviation for knekt
| abbreviation for knekt
|-
|-
|klädesfärgare
| klädesfärgare  
|cloth dyer
| cloth dyer  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klädeshandlare
| klädeshandlare  
|cloth merchant
| cloth merchant  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klädesvävare
| klädesvävare  
|cloth weaver
| cloth weaver  
|
|  
|-
|-
|klädsömmerska
| klädsömmerska  
|dressmaker
| dressmaker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knalle
| knalle  
|pedlar, chapman, cheap jack
| pedlar, chapman, cheap jack  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knappmakare
| knappmakare  
|button maker
| button maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knekt
| knekt  
|(military) soldier, man at arms
| (military) soldier, man at arms  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knifvässare
| knifvässare  
|knife sharpener, cutler
| knife sharpener, cutler  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knifsmed
| knifsmed  
|cutler
| cutler  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knipare
| knipare  
|nipper
| nipper  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knypplare
| knypplare  
|male lace maker
| male lace maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|knypplerska
| knypplerska  
|female lace maker
| female lace maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|koarrendator
| koarrendator  
|see mjölkarrendator
| see mjölkarrendator  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kofferdi
| kofferdi  
|merchant marine
| merchant marine  
|
|  
|-
|-
|kofferdikapten
| kofferdimatros
|captain of a merchant ship
| merchant seaman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kofferdimatros
| koffertsnickare
|merchant seaman
| trunk maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|koffertsnickare
| kokerska
|trunk maker
| female cook, cook maid
|
|  
|-
|-
|kokerska
| kogubbe
|female cook, cook maid
| cow feeder, cow keeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|kogubbe
| kolarbetare
|cow feeder, cow keeper
| collier
|
| one that produces charcoal, or coal miner
|-
|-
|kolarbetare
| kolare
|collier
| coal man, charcoal burner
|one that produces charcoal, or coal miner
|  
|-
|-
|kolare
| kolbonde
|coal man, charcoal burner
| coal carter
|
|  
|-
|-
|kolbonde
| kolhandlare
|coal carter
| coal merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|kolhandlare
| komminister
|coal merchant
| perpetual curate
|
| a clergyman in charge of a parish, or a clergyman serving as assistant in a parish
|-
|-
|komminister
| kommissarie
|perpetual curate
| commissioner
|a clergyman in charge of a parish, or a clergyman serving as assistant in a parish
| could have various meanings such as: police superintendent, sheriffs bailiff, military commissary
|-
|-
|kommissarie
| konduktor
|commissioner
| conductor, guard with the railways
|could have various meanings such as: police superintendent, sheriffs bailiff, military commissary
|  
|-
|-
|konduktor
| konduktör
|conductor, guard with the railways
| sergeant
|
|  
|-
|-
|konduktör
| konstapel
|sergeant
| (police) constable
|
| in the military it can mean corporal, bombardier, gunner, steward
|-
|-
|konstapel
| konstnär
|(police) constable
| artist
|in the military it can mean corporal, bombardier, gunner, steward
|  
|-
|-
|konstnär
| kontorskrivare
|artist
| clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|kontorskrivare
| kontraktsprost
|clerk
| rural dean
|
|  
|-
|-
|kontraktsprost
| kopparslagare
|rural dean
| coppersmith
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|kopparslagare
| koppartryckare
|coppersmith
| copper plate printer
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|koppartryckare
| korgarbetare
|copper plate printer
| basket worker, wicker
|
|  
|-
|-
|korgarbetare
| korgflätare
|basket worker, wicker
| basket maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|korgflätare
| korherre
|basket maker
| canon
|
| a clergyman receiving a sum of money for officiating and serving in the church
|-
|-
|korherre
| korpral
|canon
| (military) corporal
|a clergyman receiving a sum of money for officiating and serving in the church
|  
|-
|-
|korpral
| kovaktare
|(military) corporal
| cow keeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|kovaktare
| kreaturshandlare
|cow keeper
| see boskapshandlare
|
|  
|-
|-
|kreaturshandlare
| krf., krfi., krfierd, krfj.
|see boskapshandlare
|  
|
| abbreviation kronofjärdingsman
|-
|-
|krf., krfi., krfierd, krfj.
| krigsman
|
| soldier
|abbreviation kronofjärdingsman
|  
|-
|-
|krigsman
| kronoarrendator
|soldier
| crown tenant, crown peasant
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronoarrendator
| kronobefallningsman
|crown tenant, crown peasant
| see länsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronobefallningsman
| kronobetjäning
|see länsman
| police
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronobetjäning
| kronobonde
|police
| crown peasant
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronobonde
| kronofogde
|crown peasant
| high bailiff and collector of taxes
|
| See [[Swedish Occupation: Kronofogden|Kronofogden]]
|-
|-
|kronofogde
| kronojägare
|high bailiff and collector of taxes
| ranger
|See [[Swedish Occupation: Kronofogden|Kronofogden]]
|  
|-
|-
|kronojägare
| kronolänsman, krlmn.
|ranger
| see länsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronolänsman, krlmn.
| kronouppbördsman
|see länsman
| commissioner of the inland revenue, tax collector
|
|  
|-
|-
|kronouppbördsman
| krukmakare
|commissioner of the inland revenue, tax collector
| potter
|
|  
|-
|-
|krukmakare
| kryddkrämare
|potter
| grocer, storekeeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|kryddkrämare
| krögare
|grocer, storekeeper
| keeper of a public house, tavern keeper, ale draper
|
|  
|-
|-
|krögare
| kurir
|keeper of a public house, tavern keeper, ale draper
| courier
|
|  
|-
|-
|kurir
| kusk, kutsk
|courier
| coachman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kusk, kutsk
| kvarnarrendator
|coachman
| renter of a mill
|
|  
|-
|-
|kustuppsyningsman
| kvarnbyggare
|an under officer with the coast guard
| mill wright
|
|  
|-
|-
|kvarnarrendator
| kvarndräng
|renter of a mill
| mill hand
|
|  
|-
|-
|kvarnbyggare
| kvarnegare
|mill wright
| mill owner
|
|  
|-
|-
|kvarndräng
| kvarntullsinspektor
|mill hand
| mill toll inspector
|
|  
|-
|-
|kvarnegare
| kypare
|mill owner
| wine cooper, cooper
|
|  
|-
|-
|kvarntullsinspektor
| kyrkobetjänare
|mill toll inspector
| churchman, clergyman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kypare
| kyrkoföreståndare
|wine cooper, cooper
| churchwarden
|
|  
|-
|-
|kyrkobetjänare
| kyrkoherde
|churchman, clergyman
| rector, parson, parish minister
|
|  
|-
|-
|kyrkoföreståndare
| kyrkovaktare
|churchwarden
| church guard, sexton
|
|  
|-
|-
|kyrkoherde
| kyrkvärd
|rector, parson, parish minister
| churchwarden
|
|  
|-
|-
|kyrkovaktare
| käpphandlare
|church guard, sexton
| cane seller, caneman
|
|  
|-
|-
|kyrkvärd
| kökbetjäning
|churchwarden
| kitchen staff
|
|  
|-
|-
|käpphandlare
| kökspiga
|cane seller, caneman
| kitchen maid
|
|  
|-
|-
|kökbetjäning
| köpman
|kitchen staff
| merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|kökspiga
| körsnär
|kitchen maid
| fur merchant, furrier
|
| see buntmakare
|-
|-
|köpman
| kötthandlare
|merchant
| meat salesman, butcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|körsnär
| köttmånglare
|fur merchant, furrier
| see kötthandlare
|see buntmakare
|  
|-
|-
|kötthandlare
| ladugårdsidkare
|meat salesman, butcher
| dairyman
|
|  
|-
|-
|köttmånglare
| ladugårdspiga
|see kötthandlare
| dairymaid
|
|  
|-
|-
|lackerare
| laggare
|one who applies lacquer
| hooper
|
| a binder, who fastens or binds as with a hoop
|-
|-
|ladugårdsidkare
| lagkarl
|dairyman
| lawyer
|
| <br>
|-
|-
|ladugårdspiga
| landbo
|dairymaid
| tenant farmer&nbsp;
|
| with weaker right than an "åbo" tenant farmer
|-
|-
|laggare
| landshövding
|hooper
| lord lieutenant
|a binder, who fastens or binds as with a hoop
| see befallningshavande
|-
|-
|lagkarl
| landsknekt
|lawyer
| (military) landsquenet
|<br>
|  
|-
|-
|landbo
| landskontorist
|tenant farmer
| clerk in receivers office
|with weaker right than an "åbo" tenant farmer
|  
|-
|-
|landshövding
| landsman
|lord lieutenant
| fellow countryman, compatriot
|see befallningshavande
|  
|-
|-
|landsknekt
| landstrykare
|(military) landsquenet
| vagrant, tramp
|
|  
|-
|-
|landskontorist
| landsvägsriddare
|clerk in receivers office
| knight of the road
|
| can also mean tramp, marauder
|-
|-
|landsman
| landtbo
|fellow countryman, compatriot
| countryman, person from the country
|
|  
|-
|-
|landstrykare
| landtbrukare
|vagrant, tramp
| farmer, gentleman farmer
|
|  
|-
|-
|landsvägsriddare
| landtbruksbokhållare
|knight of the road
| under steward
|can also mean tramp, marauder
|  
|-
|-
|landtbo
| landtbruksinspektor
|countryman, person from the country
| land steward
|
|  
|-
|-
|landtbrukare
| landtflicka
|farmer, gentleman farmer
| country girl
|
|  
|-
|-
|landtbruksbokhållare
| landthandlare
|under steward
| country shopkeeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|landtbruksinspektor
| landthushållare
|land steward
| husbandman
|
| see also jordbrukare
|-
|-
|landtflicka
| landtjunkare
|country girl
| country squire, country buck, fox hunter
|
|  
|-
|-
|landthandlare
| lantmätare
|country shopkeeper
| a surveyor employed by the National Surveying Office (Lantmäteriet.)
|
|  
|-
|-
|landthushållare
| lappare
|husbandman
| patcher, botcher, clouter, cobbler
|see also jordbrukare
|  
|-
|-
|landtjunkare
| lappbonde
|country squire, country buck, fox hunter
| Lapp peasant
|
|  
|-
|-
|lantmätare
| lappskarvare
|a surveyor employed by the National Surveying Office (Lantmäteriet.)
| botcher, cobbler, arch botcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|lappare
| lappskräddare
|patcher, botcher, clouter, cobbler
| patch tailor, botcher  
|
|  
|-
|-
|lappbonde
| lastningsbokhållare
|Lapp peasant
| shipping clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|lappskarvare
| legoknekt
|botcher, cobbler, arch botcher
| (military) mercenary
|
|  
|-
|-
|lappskräddare
| likörare
|patch tailor, botcher
| hearse driver
|
|  
|-
|-
|lastningsbokhållare
| liktarskeppare
|shipping clerk
| lighterman, bargeman
|
|  
|-
|-
|legoknekt
| limkokare
|(military) mercenary
| glue boiler
|
|  
|-
|-
|likörare
| linberedare
|hearse driver
| flax dresser
|
|  
|-
|-
|liktarskeppare
| linhandlare
|lighterman, bargeman
| dealer in flax, flaxman
|
|  
|-
|-
|limkokare
| linhäcklare
|glue boiler
| flax dresser
|
|  
|-
|-
|linberedare
| livdrabant
|flax dresser
| (military) yeoman of the guard
|
|  
|-
|-
|linhandlare
| livdragon
|dealer in flax, flaxman
| (military) trooper belonging to the dragoons
|
|  
|-
|-
|linhäcklare
| livgrenadjär
|flax dresser
| &nbsp;(military) soldier belonging tot the grenadiers&nbsp;
|
|  
|-
|-
|linvävare
| livhussar
|linen weaver
| (military) trooper belonging to the hussars
|
|  
|-
|-
|livdrabant
| ljusfabrikör
|(military) yeoman of the guard
| candlemaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|livdragon
| logarvare
|(military) trooper belonging to the dragoons
| tanner
|
|  
|-
|-
|livgrenadjär
| lokomotivförare
| (military) soldier belonging tot the grenadiers
| locomotive driver, locomotive engineer
|
|  
|-
|-
|livhussar
| lots
|(military) trooper belonging to the hussars
| sea pilot
|
|  
|-
|-
|ljusfabrikör
| lumphandlare
|candlemaker
| rag dealer
|
|  
|-
|-
|logarvare
| lumpsamlare
|tanner
| ragman, rag picker, bunter
|
|  
|-
|-
|lokomotivförare
| lånförmedlare
|locomotive driver, locomotive engineer
| negotiator of loans, broker
|
|  
|-
|-
|lots
| läkare
|sea pilot
| doctor
|
| healer, curer, physician
|-
|-
|lumphandlare
| länsbokhållare
|rag dealer
| sheriff clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|lumpsamlare
| länsinnehavare
|ragman, rag picker, bunter
| tenant of a feud
|
|  
|-
|-
|lånförmedlare
| länsman
|negotiator of loans, broker
| sheriff
|
|  
|-
|-
|läkare
| länsåklagare
|doctor
| county prosecutor
|healer, curer, physician
|  
|-
|-
|länsbokhållare
| lärare
|sheriff clerk
| teacher
|
|  
|-
|-
|länsinnehavare
| lärling
|tenant of a feud
| apprentice
|
|  
|-
|-
|länsman
| löjtnant
|sheriff
| lieutenant
|
|  
|-
|-
|länsåklagare
| lösdrivare
|county prosecutor
| vagrant
|
|  
|-
|-
|lärare
| madam
|teacher
| title of a married woman in the working class (1889), Mrs.
|
| Earlier a title with status between "hustru" (farmers, etc.) and "fru" (noblit, priests, etc.)
|-
|-
|lärling
| madrassmakare
|apprentice
| mattressmaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|löjtnant
| magasinbokhållare
|lieutenant
| warehouse clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|lösdrivare
| magasinsförvaltare
|vagrant
| store keeper, warehouse clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|madam
| magistratsperson
|title of a married woman in the working class (1889), Mrs.
| municipal officer, magistrate, alderman
|Earlier a title with status between "hustru" (farmers, etc.) and "fru" (noblit, priests, etc.)
|  
|-
|-
|madrassmakare
| magistratssekreterare
|mattressmaker
| town clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|magasinbokhållare
| major
|warehouse clerk
| (military) army major
|
|  
|-
|-
|magasinsförvaltare
| majorska
|store keeper, warehouse clerk
| wife of a major
|
|  
|-
|-
|magistratsperson
| malmbrytare
|municipal officer, magistrate, alderman
| mine digger, miner
|
|  
|-
|-
|magistratssekreterare
| malthandlare
|town clerk
| dealer in malt, maltman
|
|  
|-
|-
|major
| mamsell
|(military) army major
| miss
|
| comparable to fröken
|-
|-
|majorska
| mantalskommissarie
|wife of a major
| tax collector (for the mantals tax)
|
|  
|-
|-
|malmbrytare
| manufakturhandlare
|mine digger, miner
| haberdasher
|
| dealer in mens clothing and accessories
|-
|-
|malthandlare
| marketentare
|dealer in malt, maltman
| sutler
|
| a civilian provisioner to an army post often with a shop on the post
|-
|-
|mamsell
| marketenterska
|miss
| canteen woman, sutler wench (1889)
|comparable to fröken
|  
|-
|-
|mantalskommissarie
| marmorarbetare
|tax collector (for the mantals tax)
| marble cutter
|
|  
|-
|-
|manufakturhandlare
| maskinarbetare
|haberdasher
| mechanic, machinist
|dealer in mens clothing and accessories
|  
|-
|-
|marketentare
| maskinist
|sutler
| machinist
|a civilian provisioner to an army post often with a shop on the post
|  
|-
|-
|marketenterska
| masmästare
|canteen woman, sutler wench (1889)
| smelting master
|
|  
|-
|-
|marmorarbetare
| materialförvaltare
|marble cutter
| store keeper
|
|  
|-
|-
|maskinarbetare
| matlagerska
|mechanic, machinist
| female cook
|
|  
|-
|-
|maskinist
| matmoder
|machinist
| housewife, mistress of a house
|
|  
|-
|-
|masmästare
| matros
|smelting master
| sailor, seaman
|
| foremast man, tarry sailor, able seaman (1889)
|-
|-
|materialförvaltare
| mattbindare
|store keeper
| mat maker, straw platter
|
|  
|-
|-
|matlagerska
| matvaruhandlare
|female cook
| provision merchant, deatler in provisions
|
|  
|-
|-
|matmoder
| mejerska
|housewife, mistress of a house
| dairy maid
|
|  
|-
|-
|matros
| messingsslagare
|sailor, seaman
| brass smith, brazier
|foremast man, tarry sailor, able seaman (1889)
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|mattbindare
| messingssmed
|mat maker, straw platter
| brass smith
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|matvaruhandlare
| metallarbetare
|provision merchant, deatler in provisions
| metal worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|mejerska
| metallgjutare
|dairy maid
| brass founder, brazier
|
|  
|-
|-
|messingsslagare
| mildsoldat
|brass smith, brazier
| militiaman
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|messingssmed
| mineralgrävare
|brass smith
| miner
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|metallarbetare
| minister
|metal worker
| government minister
|
|  
|-
|-
|metallgjutare
| minuthandlare
|brass founder, brazier
| retailer
|
|  
|-
|-
|mildsoldat
| minör
|militiaman
| miner (1889)
|
|  
|-
|-
|mineralgrävare
| mjölhandlare
|miner
| flour merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|minister
| mjölkarrendator
|government minister
| tenant dairy farmer
|
|  
|-
|-
|minuthandlare
| mjölkförsäljare
|retailer
| milkman
|
|  
|-
|-
|minör
| mjölkförsäljerska
|miner (1889)
| milkwoman
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölhandlare
| mjölkhustru
|flour merchant
| milkwoman
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölkarrendator
| mjölkpiga
|tenant dairy farmer
| milkmaid, dairymaid
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölkförsäljare
| mjöldräng
|milkman
| miller's man
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölkförsäljerska
| mjölnare
|milkwoman
| miller
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölkhustru
| mjölnarhustru
|milkwoman
| millers wife
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölkpiga
| mjölnerska
|milkmaid, dairymaid
| miller woman
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjöldräng
| modehandlare
|miller's man
| dealer in fancy goods
|
|  
|-
|-
|mjölnare
| modesömmerska
|miller
| milliner (1889)
|
| a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|-
|-
|mjölnarhustru
| modist
|millers wife
| milliner
|
| a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|-
|-
|mjölnerska
| murare
|miller woman
| mason
|
| bricklayer, stone mason
|-
|-
|modehandlare
| muraregesäll
|dealer in fancy goods
| journeyman mason
|
|  
|-
|-
|modesömmerska
| murarelärling
|milliner (1889)
| masons apprentice
|a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|  
|-
|-
|modist
| murarmästare
|milliner
| master mason
|a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|  
|-
|-
|murare
| mureriarbetare
|mason
| bricklayer
|bricklayer, stone mason
|  
|-
|-
|muraregesäll
| murerihandtlangare
|journeyman mason
| hodman
|
| a bricklayer's or mason's laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod
|-
|-
|murarelärling
| musketerare
|masons apprentice
| musketeer
|
|  
|-
|-
|murarmästare
| målare
|master mason
| painter, artist
|
|  
|-
|-
|mureriarbetare
| målargesäll
|bricklayer
| journeyman painter
|
|  
|-
|-
|murerihandtlangare
| målarmästare
|hodman
| master painter
|a bricklayer's or mason's laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod
|  
|-
|-
|musketerare
| månglerska&nbsp;
|musketeer
| market woman
|
| could be a variety of goods like, vegetables, fruits, or fish
|-
|-
|målare
| månglare
|painter, artist
| retailer, dealer of goods like vegetable, fruit, or fish
|
|  
|-
|-
|målargesäll
| mältare
|journeyman painter
| maltman, maltster
|
|  
|-
|-
|målarmästare
| mästare
|master painter
| master  
|
|  
|-
|-
|månads karl
| mästergesäll
|a male worker with a 1 month contract
| master journeyman
|
|  
|-
|-
|månglerska
| möbelhandlare
|market woman
| dealer in furniture
|could be a variety of goods like, vegetables, fruits, or fish
|  
|-
|-
|månglare
| möbelmakare
|retailer, dealer of goods like vegetable, fruit, or fish
| cabinet maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|mältare
| möbelsnickare
|maltman, maltster
| cabinet maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|mästare
| mölnare (1829)
|master
| see mjölnare
|
|  
|-
|-
|mästergesäll
| mönsterherre
|master journeyman
| (military) muster master  
|
|  
|-
|-
|möbelhandlare
| mönsterskrivare
|dealer in furniture
| (military) muster clerk
|
| keeping record of the military muster rolls
|-
|-
|möbelmakare
| mössmakare
|cabinet maker
| cap maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|möbelsnickare
| nattman
|cabinet maker
| night man
|
|  
|-
|-
|mölnare (1829)
| nattvaktare
|see mjölnare
| night watchman
|
|  
|-
|-
|mönsterherre
| nipperhandlare
|(military) muster master
| milliner, toyman (1829)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|mönsterskrivare
| nipphandlerska
|(military) muster clerk
| dealer in fancy articles (1889)  
|keeping record of the military muster rolls
|  
|-
|-
|mössmakare
| nybyggare
|cap maker
| settler
|
| or colonizer
|-
|-
|nattman
| nålmakare
|night man
| needle maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|nattvaktare
| nämdeman , nm., nman
|night watchman
| juror
|
| &nbsp;kind of juryman/lay judge&nbsp;
|-
|-
|nipperhandlare
| näringsidkare
|milliner, toyman (1829)
| tradesman
|
|  
|-
|-
|nipphandlerska
| nätbindare
|dealer in fancy articles (1889)
| net maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|nybyggare
| officer
|settler
| officer
|or colonizer
|  
|-
|-
|nålmakare
| okulist
|needle maker
| oculist
|
| could be for glasses, or eye doctor
|-
|-
|nämdeman , nm., nman
| ombudsman
|juror
| attorney, proctor
| kind of juryman/lay judge
|  
|-
|-
|näringsidkare
| opperstyrman
|tradesman
| captain's mate
|
|  
|-
|-
|nätbindare
| organist
|net maker
| organist
|
|  
|-
|-
|officer
| orgelbyggare
|officer
| organ builder
|
|  
|-
|-
|okulist
| orgelnist
|oculist
| organist
|could be for glasses, or eye doctor
|  
|-
|-
|ombudsman
| orgelspelare
|attorney, proctor
| organ player
|
|  
|-
|-
|opperstyrman
| orgeltrampare
|captain's mate
| organ blower
|
|  
|-
|-
|organist
| osthandlare
|organist
| cheese dealer, cheesemongers shop
|
|  
|-
|-
|orgelbyggare
| ostronhandlare
|organ builder
| oysterman, dealer of oysters
|
|  
|-
|-
|orgelnist
| oxhandlare
|organist
| cattle dealer
|
|  
|-
|-
|orgelspelare
| oxslagtare
|organ player
| beef butcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|orgeltrampare
| packhusinspektor
|organ blower
| pack officer
|
|  
|-
|-
|osthandlare
| packhuskarl
|cheese dealer, cheesemongers shop
| packer
|
|  
|-
|-
|ostronhandlare
| pansarsmed
|oysterman, dealer of oysters
| armourer
|
|  
|-
|-
|oxhandlare
| pantaregare
|cattle dealer
| owner of a pawn
|
|  
|-
|-
|oxslagtare
| pantgivare
|beef butcher
| mortgager
|
|  
|-
|-
|packhusinspektor
| papparbetare
|pack officer
| paste board worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|packhuskarl
| pappersfabrikör
|packer
| paper maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|pansarsmed
| pappershandlare
|armourer
| stationer, paper man, paper merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|pantaregare
| pappersskärare
|owner of a pawn
| paper cutter
|
|  
|-
|-
|pantgivare
| pappmakare
|mortgager
| cardboard
|
|  
|-
|-
|papparbetare
| parfymfabrikant
|paste board worker
| perfume manufacturer, perfume maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|pappersfabrikör
| parfymhandlare
|paper maker
| perfumer, perfume dealer
|
|  
|-
|-
|pappershandlare
| parmmätare
|stationer, paper man, paper merchant
| hay measurer
|
|  
|-
|-
|pappersskärare
| pastor
|paper cutter
| parish minister, pastor
|
| also known as kyrkoherde and prost
|-
|-
|pappmakare
| pastor et prepositus, p. et. p.
|cardboard
| (latin) parish priest
|
|  
|-
|-
|parfymfabrikant
| pastorsadjunkt
|perfume manufacturer, perfume maker
| stipendiary curate
|
| clergyman receiving pay
|-
|-
|parfymhandlare
| pelshandlare
|perfumer, perfume dealer
| furrier
|
|  
|-
|-
|parmmätare
| pensionsföreståndare
|hay measurer
| master of a boarding school
|
|  
|-
|-
|pastor
| perukmakare
|parish minister, pastor
| wig maker
|also known as kyrkoherde and prost
|  
|-
|-
|pastor et prepositus, p. et. p.
| p. et. P.  
|(latin) parish priest
| (latin) abbreviation: pastor et prepositus
|
| parish priest
|-
|-
|pastorsadjunkt
| piga
|stipendiary curate
| maid, maiden, servant girl, female farmhand&nbsp;
|clergyman receiving pay
| <br>
|-
|-
|pelshandlare
| pipare
|furrier
| piper
|
|  
|-
|-
|pennberedare
| pipsmed
|pen dispenser
| see bössmed
|
|  
|-
|-
|pensionsföreståndare
| piskmakare
|master of a boarding school
| whip makeer
|
|  
|-
|-
|perukmakare
| plogsmed
|wig maker
| plough wright
|
|  
|-
|-
|p. et. P.
| plymmakare
|(latin) abbreviation: pastor et prepositus
| feather maker
|parish priest
|  
|-
|-
|piga
| plåtslagare
|maid, maiden, servant girl, female farmhand
| black smith, worker in sheet iron
|<br>
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|pipare
| porterbryggare
|piper
| brewer of dark ale
|
|  
|-
|-
|pipsmed
| postförare
|see bössmed
| mail driver
|
|  
|-
|-
|piskmakare
| postmästare
|whip makeer
| postmaster
|
|  
|-
|-
|plogsmed
| predikant
|plough wright
| preacher, sermoner, sermonizer
|
|  
|-
|-
|plymmakare
| prest
|feather maker
| priest, parson, minister, clergyman (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|plåtslagare
| principal
|black smith, worker in sheet iron
| employer, master
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|porterbryggare
| profoss
|brewer of dark ale
| flogmaster (military)
|
|  
|-
|-
|possessionat
| prost
|Owner of a manor, usually not of a nobility background
| dean, sub dean (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|postförare
| provinsialläkare
|mail driver
| district physician, country doctor
|
|  
|-
|-
|postmästare
| präst
|postmaster
| minister
|
|  
|-
|-
|predikant
| pungmakare
|preacher, sermoner, sermonizer
| pouch maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|prest
| rackare
|priest, parson, minister, clergyman (1829)
| deputy executioner, flayer, dog and cat killer
|
| in other contexts it can mean rascal, villain
|-
|-
|principal
| reesig
|employer, master
| (military)
|
|  
|-
|-
|profoss
| regementsknekt
|flogmaster (military)
| (military)  
|
|  
|-
|-
|prost
| repslagare
|dean, sub dean (1829)
| rope maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|provinsialläkare
| resandefolk
|district physician, country doctor
| itinerant, or migratory people
|
|  
|-
|-
|präst
| resepredikant
|minister
| itinerant preacher
|
|  
|-
|-
|pungmakare
| riddare
|pouch maker
| knight
|
|  
|-
|-
|rackare
| ridlärare
|deputy executioner, flayer, dog and cat killer
| riding master
|in other contexts it can mean rascal, villain
|  
|-
|-
|reesig
| roddare
|(military)
| rower, boatsman, oar's man
|
|  
|-
|-
|regementsknekt
| rorgängare
|(military)
| helmsman, steersman
|
|  
|-
|-
|repslagare
| roteman
|rope maker
| assistant overseer
|
| in cities it can mean alderman of a city ward
|-
|-
|resandefolk
| rotemästare
|itinerant, or migratory people
| see rotmästare
|
|  
|-
|-
|resepredikant
| rotesoldat
|itinerant preacher
| (military) soldier for a district in a parish
|
|  
|-
|-
|riddare
| rotmästare&nbsp;
|knight
| (military) leader
|
| it can also mean chief equipper of a soldier
|-
|-
|ridlärare
| ruggare
|riding master
| worker in textile manufacturing
|
|  
|-
|-
|roddare
| rusthållare
|rower, boatsman, oar's man
| farm owner providing a cavalry soldier and horse and equipment to the army&nbsp;
|
| a voluntary agreement, in exchange for tax breaks, and not having to provide for a "rote" soldier&nbsp;
|-
|-
|rorgängare
| ryttare
|helmsman, steersman
| (military) cavalryman
|
|  
|-
|-
|roteman
| ryttmästare
|assistant overseer
| captain of a cavalry
|in cities it can mean alderman of a city ward
| <br>
|-
|-
|rotemästare
| rådbisittare
|see rotmästare
| city councilman
|
| member of the city council whose job was to oversee the guilds in a city. See the [[Swedish Occupation: Rådbisittare|Rådbisittare]]
|-
|-
|rotesoldat
| rådman
|(military) soldier for a district in a parish
| councilman
|
| <br>
|-
|-
|rotmästare
| rättare
|(military) leader
| overseer (1829)  
|it can also mean chief equipper of a soldier
|  
|-
|-
|ruggare
| Sacri Ministerii adjunctus, S.M. adj., S.M.A.
|worker in textile manufacturing
| (latin) assistant priest
|
|  
|-
|-
|rusthållare
| Sacri Ministerii Candidat
|farm owner providing a cavalry soldier and horse and equipment to the army
| (latin) priest in training
|a voluntary agreement, in exchange for tax breaks, and not having to provide for a "rote" soldier
|  
|-
|-
|ryttare
| sadelmakare
|(military) cavalryman
| saddle maker, leather worker
|
|  
|-
|-
|ryttmästare
| salthandlare
|captain of a cavalry
| dealer of salt, saltman
|<br>
|  
|-
|-
|rådbisittare
| saltmätare
|city councilman
| person who measures salt
|The primary purpose of a rådbisittare was to oversee the guilds in a city. The rådbisittare was a member of the city council under the mayor (borgmästare) or magistrate. The assignment of a rådbisittare was to watch over the guilds by attending guild meetings. He also worked with the ålderman to take care of economic matters. The position of rådbisittare was for life.
|  
|-
|-
|rådman
| saltpetersjudare/salpetersjudare
|councilman
| a boiler or producer of saltpeter
|<br>
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Saltpetersjudare|Saltpetersjudare]]
|-
|-
|rättare
| satinvävare
|overseer (1829)
| satin weaver
|
|  
|-
|-
|Sacri Ministerii adjunctus, S.M. adj., S.M.A.
| saxmakare
|(latin) assistant priest
| maker of scissors, shears, snuffers
|
|  
|-
|-
|Sacri Ministerii Candidat
| segelmakare
|(latin) priest in training
| sail maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|sadelmakare
| segelsömmare
|saddle maker, leather worker
| sail maker  
|
|  
|-
|-
|salthandlare
| sejlare
|dealer of salt, saltman
| cord maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|saltmätare
| sergeant
|person who measures salt
| sergeant
|
|  
|-
|-
|saltpetersjudare/salpetersjudare
| sexmän
|a boiler or producer of saltpeter
| type of parish law enforcement
|see [[Swedish Occupation: Saltpetersjudare|Saltpetersjudare]]
| See [[Swedish Occupation: Sexmän|Sexmän]]
|-
|-
|satinvävare
| silkhandlare
|satin weaver
| silk merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|saxmakare
| sillpackare
|maker of scissors, shears, snuffers
| herring packer
|
|  
|-
|-
|segelmakare
| sjöman
|sail maker
| sailor, seaman
|
|  
|-
|-
|segelsömmare
| skarprättare
|sail maker
| executioner, hangman
|
|  
|-
|-
|sejlare
| skarpskytt
|cord maker
| (military) sharpshooter
|
|  
|-
|-
|sergeant
| skattebonde
|sergeant
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|sexmän
| skatteindrivare
|type of parish law enforcement
| tax collector
|In older times the sexmän were a type of police authority for the discipline and order within a parish. The sexmän fined people for being disruptive during church services, sleeping during church services, drunkenness at banquets, or even sexual offenses. They expressed their charges at the parish council in turn, or according to turn based on the commons of each rote. The number of sexmän varied according to the size of the parish. The purpose of sexmän in a parish was deminished after the municipal reforms of 1862. After 1862 the sexmän were occasionally used to support municipal or church councils by delivering notifications or summons to appear before the respective councils (mostly from church councils.) By the early 1900’s the function of the sexmän was given to the fjärdingsman or village patrolmen.
|  
|-
|-
|silkhandlare
| skeppare
|silk merchant
| skipper
|
|  
|-
|-
|sillpackare
| skeppsbyggmästare
|herring packer
| master ship builder
|
|  
|-
|-
|sjöman
| skeppsgosse
|sailor, seaman
| ship boy
|
|  
|-
|-
|skarprättare
| skoarbetare
|executioner, hangman
| shoe maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|skarpskytt
| skogshuggare
|(military) sharpshooter
| wood cutter, lumberer
|
|  
|-
|-
|skattebonde
| skogvaktare
|
| forester
|
|  
|-
|-
|skatteindrivare
| skollärare
|tax collector
| schoolteacher
|
|  
|-
|-
|skeppare
| skomakare
|skipper
| shoemaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|skeppsbyggmästare
| skomakaregesäll
|master ship builder
| journeyman shoemaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|skeppsgosse
| skomakaremästare
|ship boy
| master shoemaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|skoarbetare
| skråmästare
|shoe maker
| master of a guild
|
|  
|-
|-
|skogshuggare
| skräddare, skrädkarl
|wood cutter, lumberer
| tailor
|
|  
|-
|-
|skogvaktare
| skräddaregesäll
|forester
| journeyman tailor
|
|  
|-
|-
|skollärare
| skräddarelärling
|schoolteacher
| tailor's apprentice
|
|  
|-
|-
|skomakare
| skulptör
|shoemaker
| sculptor
|
|  
|-
|-
|skomakaregesäll
| skutskeppare
|journeyman shoemaker
| master of a billy boy, hoyman
|
|  
|-
|-
|skomakaremästare
| skådespelare
|master shoemaker
| stage player, actor
|
|  
|-
|-
|skråmästare
| skärslippare
|master of a guild
| tool, or scissor grinder (sharpener)
|
|  
|-
|-
|skräddare, skrädkarl
| skördeman
|tailor
| harvestman, harvester, reaper
|
|  
|-
|-
|skräddaregesäll
| sköterska
|journeyman tailor
| nurse
|
|  
|-
|-
|skräddarelärling
| slaktare
|tailor's apprentice
| meat cutter, butcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|skulptör
| S.M. Adj., S.M., S.M.A.
|sculptor
|  
|
| see Sacri Ministerii adjunctus
|-
|-
|skutskeppare
| S.M.C., S.M. Cand.
|master of a billy boy, hoyman
|  
|
| see Sacri Ministeri Candidat
|-
|-
|skådespelare
| smed
|stage player, actor
| smith, blacksmith, forger, hammerer
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|skärslippare
| smedsgesäll
|tool, or scissor grinder (sharpener)
| journeyman smith
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|skördeman
| smedsmästare
|harvestman, harvester, reaper
| master smith
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
|sköterska
| småkrämare
|nurse
| dealer in small wares
|
|  
|-
|-
|slaktardräng
| smältare
|butcher's man
| smelter, melter, fuser
|
|  
|-
|-
|slaktare
| smältarsmed
|meat cutter, butcher
| shingler
|
|  
|-
|-
|S.M. Adj., S.M., S.M.A.
| smörhandlare
|
| butterman, butter merchant
|see Sacri Ministerii adjunctus
|  
|-
|-
|S.M.C., S.M. Cand.
| snickare
|
| joiner, cabinetmaker
|see Sacri Ministeri Candidat
|  
|-
|-
|smed
| snickarmästare
|smith, blacksmith, forger, hammerer
| master jointer
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|smedsgesäll
| snörmakare
|journeyman smith
| fringemaker, loopmaker, lacemaker
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|smedsmästare
| sockenpräst
|master smith
| parish priest, parson (1829)
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|  
|-
|-
|småkrämare
| sockenskrivare
|dealer in small wares
| parish clerk, vestry clerk
|
|  
|-
|-
|smältare
| sockerbagare
|smelter, melter, fuser
| confectioner, pastry cook
|
|  
|-
|-
|smältarsmed
| sockerbruksarbetare
|shingler
| sugar refiner (workman)
|
|  
|-
|-
|smörhandlare
| soldat
|butterman, butter merchant
| soldier
|
|  
|-
|-
|snickare
| speditör
|joiner, cabinetmaker
| forwarding shipping agent
|
| agent who receives goods for a firm, who sends the goods to another for a fee
|-
|-
|snickarmästare
| spetshandlare
|master jointer
| dealer in lace, lace merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|snörmakare
| spetsknypplerska
|fringemaker, loopmaker, lacemaker
| female lace maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|sockenpräst
| spiksmed
|parish priest, parson (1829)
| nailer, person who makes nails
|
|  
|-
|-
|sockenskrivare
| spinnare
|parish clerk, vestry clerk
| spinner
|
|  
|-
|-
|sockerbagare
| spinnerska
|confectioner, pastry cook
| female spinner, spinstress
|
|  
|-
|-
|sockerbruksarbetare
| spinnhushjon
|sugar refiner (workman)
| inmate of a house of correction
|
| it was common to send women who broke the law to a spinnhus to serve their time
|-
|-
|soldat
| stadsfogde
|soldier
| town bailiff
|
|  
|-
|-
|speditör
| stadskamrer
|forwarding shipping agent
| town clerk
|agent who receives goods for a firm, who sends the goods to another for a fee
|  
|-
|-
|spetshandlare
| stadsläkare
|dealer in lace, lace merchant
| physician to the town, town doctor
|
|  
|-
|-
|spetsknypplerska
| statare, statsdräng
|female lace maker
| see statkarl
|
|  
|-
|-
|spiksmed
| statkarl
|nailer, person who makes nails
| farm hand
|
| farm worker receiving wages partly in provisions (1889)
|-
|-
|spinnare
| statman
|spinner
| statesman
|
|  
|-
|-
|spinnerska
| statsfru
|female spinner, spinstress
| lady of state
|
|  
|-
|-
|spinnhushjon
| stenarbetare
|inmate of a house of correction
| stone worker
|it was common to send women who broke the law to a spinnhus to serve their time
|  
|-
|-
|stadsfogde
| stenbrytare
|town bailiff
| quarrier, quarryman
|
|  
|-
|-
|stadskamrer
| stenhuggare
|town clerk
| stonecutter
|
|  
|-
|-
|stadsläkare
| stenkolsarbetare
|physician to the town, town doctor
| collier
|
| one who produces charcoal, or coal miner
|-
|-
|statare, statsdräng
| stickerska
|see statkarl
| knitter, woman who knits
|
|  
|-
|-
|statkarl
| strykerska
|farm hand
| laundress, ironing woman
|farm worker receiving wages partly in provisions (1889)
|  
|-
|-
|statman
| strängmakare
|statesman
| string maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|statsfru
| styckgjutare
|lady of state
| gun founder
|
|  
|-
|-
|stenarbetare
| styckjunkare
|stone worker
| (military) artillery staff sergeant
|
| see fanjunkare
|-
|-
|stenbrytare
| styresman
|quarrier, quarryman
| governor, head, chief leader, manager, director
|
|  
|-
|-
|stenhuggare
| styrman
|stonecutter
| (military) steersman
|
| helmsman, steerer, navigator, pilot
|-
|-
|stenkolsarbetare
| stålarbetare
|collier
| steel worker
|one who produces charcoal, or coal miner
|  
|-
|-
|stickerska
| stålsmed
|knitter, woman who knits
| steel smith
|
|  
|-
|-
|strykerska
| stålmångelska
|laundress, ironing woman
| stall woman  
|
|  
|-
|-
|strängmakare
| sutor
|string maker
| (latin) shoemaker
|
| see skomakare
|-
|-
|studerande
| svamphandlare
|student
| dealer in sponges, sponge merchant (1889)
|
|  
|-
|-
|styckgjutare
| svarvare
|gun founder
| turner (1829, as in Lathe turning )
|
|  
|-
|-
|styckjunkare
| svärdfejare
|(military) artillery staff sergeant
| sword cutler, blade smith, armourer
|see fanjunkare
|  
|-
|-
|styresman
| symamsell
|governor, head, chief leader, manager, director
| seamstress
|
|  
|-
|-
|styrman
| sågställare
|(military) steersman
| saw setter
|helmsman, steerer, navigator, pilot
|  
|-
|-
|stålarbetare
| sämskmakare
|steel worker
| see garvare
|
|  
|-
|-
|stålsmed
| sättare
|steel smith
| type setter, or (military) rammer
|
|  
|-
|-
|stålmångelska
| taktäckare
|stall woman
| roofer
|
|  
|-
|-
|sutor
| tandläkare
|(latin) shoemaker
| dentist, tooth drawer (1889)  
|see skomakare
|  
|-
|-
|svamphandlare
| tapetserare
|dealer in sponges, sponge merchant (1889)
| upholsterer, or wall paper hanger
|
|  
|-
|-
|svarvare
| tappare
|turner (1829, as in Lathe turning )
| tapster, bottler (1889)  
|
| tapster is another title for bartender
|-
|-
|svärdfejare
| tattare
|sword cutler, blade smith, armourer
| gipsy (1829)
|
|  
|-
|-
|symamsell
| taxeringsman
|seamstress
| assessor
|
|  
|-
|-
|sågställare
| tegelformare
|saw setter
| brick moulder
|
|  
|-
|-
|sämskmakare
| tegelbrännare
|see garvare
| brickmaker, tiler
|
|  
|-
|-
|sättare
| tegelslagare
|type setter, or (military) rammer
| brickmoulder, tiler
|
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Tegelslagare|tegelslagare]]
|-
|-
|taktäckare
| tegeltäckare
|roofer
| tiler
|
|  
|-
|-
|tandläkare
| tehandlare
|dentist, tooth drawer (1889)
| dealer in tea, tea dealer
|
|  
|-
|-
|tapetserare
| tenngjutare
|upholsterer, or wall paper hanger
| pewterer, tinman, tin smith
|
| If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
|-
|-
|tappare
| tiggare
|tapster, bottler (1889)
| beggar
|tapster is another title for bartender
|  
|-
|-
|tattare
| timmerhuggare
|gipsy (1829)
| timber cutter
|
|  
|-
|-
|taxeringsman
| timmerman
|assessor
| carpenter, builder
|
|  
|-
|-
|tegelformare
| tingsskrivare
|brick moulder
| copyist of court cases
|
|  
|-
|-
|tegelbrännare
| tjuv
|brickmaker, tiler
| thief
|
|  
|-
|-
|tegelslagare
| tjänare
|brickmoulder, tiler
| servant
|see [[Swedish Occupation: Tegelslagare|tegelslagare]]
| also means domestic, menial worker, or attendant
|-
|-
|tegeltäckare
| tjänstehjon
|tiler
| servant, menial work
|
| see tjänare
|-
|-
|tehandlare
| tobakshandlare
|dealer in tea, tea dealer
| tobacco merchant
|
|  
|-
|-
|tenngjutare
| tobaksspinnare
|pewterer, tinman, tin smith
| tobacco spinner
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
|  
|-
|-
|tiggare
| tolvman
|beggar
| se nämdeman
|
|  
|-
|-
|timmerhuggare
| tornväktare
|timber cutter
| tower watch
|
|  
|-
|-
|timmerman
| torpare
|carpenter, builder
| cottager, tenant farmer, peasant
|
| This term can have different meanings according to where you are in the country. In southern Sweden it means a farmer who is dependent on another farm (like a tenant farmer.) In northern Sweden it is more likely that the torpare owned his little farm.
|-
|-
|tingsskrivare
| tresserska
|copyist of court cases
| braider, plaiter
|
|  
|-
|-
|tjuv
| trikotstickerska
|thief
| tricot knitter,
|
| a woman who knits tricot fabric
|-
|-
|tjänare
| trummare
|servant
| drummer
|also means domestic, menial worker, or attendant
|  
|-
|-
|tjänstehjon
| tryckare
|servant, menial work
| printer, pressman
|see tjänare
|  
|-
|-
|tobakshandlare
| trädgårdsmästare
|tobacco merchant
| gardener
|
|  
|-
|-
|tobaksspinnare
| tullbetjänt
|tobacco spinner
| customs officer
|
|  
|-
|-
|tolvman
| tulltjänsteman
|se nämdeman
| customs officer
|
|  
|-
|-
|tornväktare
| tullvaktmästare
|tower watch
| landing waiter
|
|  
|-
|-
|torpare
| tunnbindare
|cottager, tenant farmer, peasant
| barrelmaker, cooper
|This term can have different meanings according to where you are in the country. In southern Sweden it means a farmer who is dependent on another farm (like a tenant farmer.) In northern Sweden it is more likely that the torpare owned his little farm.
|  
|-
|-
|tresserska
| tunnelarbetare
|braider, plaiter
| tunneller
|
|  
|-
|-
|trikotstickerska
| tvättare
|tricot knitter,
| male launderer, washerman
|a woman who knits tricot fabric
|  
|-
|-
|trummare
| tvätterska
|drummer
| washerwoman
|
|  
|-
|-
|tryckare
| tvättgumma
|printer, pressman
| washerwoman
|
|-
|-
|trädgårdsmästare
| tältmakare
|gardener
| tent maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|tullbetjänt
| ullfärgare
|customs officer
| wool dyer
|
|  
|-
|-
|tulltjänsteman
| ullhandlare
|customs officer
| wool merchant, trader in wool
|
|  
|-
|-
|tullvaktmästare
| underlöjtnant
|landing waiter
| sub lieutenant
|
|  
|-
|-
|tunnbindare
| underofficer
|barrelmaker, cooper
| non comissioned officer
|
|  
|-
|-
|tunnelarbetare
| underståtthållare
|tunneller
| sub governor, deputy sheriff
|
|  
|-
|-
|tvättare
| urmakare
|male launderer, washerman
| watch and clockmaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|tvätterska
| vagnmakare
|washerwoman
| cartwright, carriage maker
|
|  
|-
|-
|tvättgumma
| vagnmästare
|washerwoman
| wagon master
|  
|-
|-
|tältmakare
| vaktare
|tent maker
| keeper, warder, guard, watcher
|
|  
|-
|-
|ullfärgare
| vaktmästare
|wool dyer
| caretaker
|
|  
|-
|-
|ullhandlare
| vallflicka
|wool merchant, trader in wool
| shepherd girl, girl tending cattle, shepherdess
|
|  
|-
|-
|underlöjtnant
| valkare
|sub lieutenant
| fuller, miller
|
|  
|-
|-
|underofficer
| vallhjon
|non comissioned officer
| a person tending cattle in the field
|
|  
|-
|-
|underståtthållare
| vandrare
|sub governor, deputy sheriff
| wanderer, rambler, stroller, tramper
|
|  
|-
|-
|urmakare
| vapendragare
|watch and clockmaker
| squire, esquire
|
|  
|-
|-
|vagnmakare
| vedhuggare
|cartwright, carriage maker
| wood cutter
|
|  
|-
|-
|vagnmästare
| vice häradshövding
|wagon master
| see häradshövding
|
|  
|-
|-
|vaktare
| vicepastor
|keeper, warder, guard, watcher
| curate
|
| a clergyman in charge of a parish, or an assistant to the clergyman in charge of a parish
|-
|-
|vaktmästare
| vinodlare
|caretaker
| wine grower
|
|  
|-
|-
|vallflicka
| vårdarinna
|shepherd girl, girl tending cattle, shepherdess
| nurse
|
|  
|-
|-
|valkare
| väglagare
|fuller, miller
| repairer of roads
|
|  
|-
|-
|vallhjon
| vävare
|a person tending cattle in the field
| weaver
|
|  
|-
|-
|vandrare
| yllehandlare
|wanderer, rambler, stroller, tramper
| dealer of woolen cloth, woolman
|
|  
|-
|-
|vapendragare
| yrke
|squire, esquire
| occupation, profession
|
|  
|-
|-
|vedhuggare
| yrkesidkare
|wood cutter
| trader
|
|  
|-
|-
|vice häradshövding
| yrkesman
|see häradshövding
| craftsman
|
|  
|-
|-
|vicepastor
| åbo
|curate
| tenant farmer with conditional, inherited lease
|a clergyman in charge of a parish, or an assistant to the clergyman in charge of a parish
|  
|-
|-
|vinodlare
| ålderman
|wine grower
| head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889)
|
| Another use of the title was the headmaster of a guild. See [[Swedish Occupation: Ålderman|Ålderman]]
|-
|-
|vårdarinna
| ämbetsman
|nurse
| government official, crown officer
|
|  
|-
|-
|väglagare
| överbefalhavare
|repairer of roads
| commander in chief
|
|  
|-
|-
|vävare
| överkonstapel
|weaver
| (military) corporal
|
|  
|-
|-
|vävskedbindare
| överståthållare
|weaver's comb binder
| governor
|also spelled as Skedbindare or skibindare. See pictures at: [https://digitaltmuseum.se/011024263316/vavsked] (click through pictures).
|  
|-
|-
|yllehandlare
| ölbryggare  
|dealer of woolen cloth, woolman
| beer brewer  
|
|  
|-
|yrke
|occupation, profession
|
|-
|yrkesidkare
|trader
|
|-
|yrkesman
|craftsman
|
|-
|åbo
|tenant farmer with conditional, inherited lease
|
|-
|ålderman
|head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889)
|An Ålderman (also called Verkmästare) was a master who was designated as the chairman of the guild. Guild members would decide who would be the ålderman. He represented the guild to outside groups, monitored the apprentice contracts, and the placement of both apprentices and journeymen to masters. He issued the travel papers for the journeymen, controlled the journeyman society, and exercised opinion on judicial matters to the guild court in cases of misconduct. He monitored control of the master’s products, and gave permission to the widows of masters to continue their deceased husbands work. Together with the Rådbisittare, the Ålderman represented the guild to the city magistrate. The position of Ålderman was for life.
|-
|ämbetsman
|government official, crown officer
|
|-
|överbefalhavare
|commander in chief
|
|-
|överkonstapel
|(military) corporal
|
|-
|överståthållare
|governor
|
|-
|ölbryggare
|beer brewer
|
|}
|}


<br>
<br>
 
=== References  ===
 
*Anderson, Kent &amp; Anderö, Henrik, <u>Ordbok för släktforskare</u>, ICA Bokfölag, Västerås 2006 <br>
 
*Björkman, Carl Gustaf, <u>Svensk engelsk ordbok</u>, P.A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockhholm 1889. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXstAAAAYAAJ&dq=Svensk%20Engelsk%20Ordbok&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Svensk engelsk ordbok]
 
*Deleen, Carl, <u>Swedish and English Pocket Dictionarey</u>, N.M. Lindh, Örebro 1829. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=BMEDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Swedish%20and%20English%20Pocket%20Dictionary&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=false Swedish and English Pocket Dictionary]
 
*Widegren, Gustaf, <u>Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon</u>, Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Svenskt+och+Engelsk+Lexikon+1788&source=bl&ots=hqFS9d0VjN&sig=gF2ZdkoIoOtAMTSEDZbL8kr3MNs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H4wFUK_IM8KOrAHAsajJCA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Svenskt%20och%20Engelsk%20Lexikon%201788&f=false Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon]
 
*Family History Dept, <u>Genealogical Word List: Sweden</u>, Salt Lake City, 1997
 
*Gernandt,C. E., <u>Nordisk Familjebok</u>, Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg] , Feb. 2011 See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok ]<br>


== References ==
*Harlock, Walter E., <u>Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga</u>, P. A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockholm 1944<br>
Anderson, Kent &amp; Henrik Anderö.''Ordbok för släktforskare''. ICA Bokfölag, Västerås 2006 <br>
Björkman, Carl Gustaf. ''Svensk engelsk ordbok''. P.A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockhholm 1889. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXstAAAAYAAJ&dq=Svensk%20Engelsk%20Ordbok&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Svensk engelsk ordbok]<br>
Deleen, Carl. ''Swedish and English Pocket Dictionarey''. N.M. Lindh, Örebro 1829. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=BMEDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Swedish%20and%20English%20Pocket%20Dictionary&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=false Swedish and English Pocket Dictionary]<br>
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. ''Genealogical Word List: Swedish''. Salt Lake City, 1989. {{FSDL|250107}}<br>
Gernandt, C. E. ''Nordisk Familjebok''. Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg], Feb. 2011. See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok]<br>
Harlock, Walter E. ''Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga''. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockholm 1944<br>
Stockholm Stadsarkiv. "Rådbisittare", ''Källhandbok till Skråarkiven''. Stockholm, 2010<br>
Widegren, Gustaf. ''Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon''. Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Svenskt+och+Engelsk+Lexikon+1788&source=bl&ots=hqFS9d0VjN&sig=gF2ZdkoIoOtAMTSEDZbL8kr3MNs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H4wFUK_IM8KOrAHAsajJCA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Svenskt%20och%20Engelsk%20Lexikon%201788&f=false Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon]<br>


[[Category:Sweden]]  
[[Category:Sweden]] [[Category:WikiProject_Sweden|Directories]]
[[Category:WikiProject Sweden|Directories]]
[[Category:Sweden Business and Occupations]]

Revision as of 15:43, 7 June 2018

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Occupations are an important tool for the family history researcher. They help us to identify the same person when there are others in the same record by the same name. They help us to understand our ancestors’ life circumstances.

Occupations were also a measure of social status. Some trades were viewed as more prestigious than others. For example, goldsmiths had more prestige than shoemakers. Many trades, such as butchers, tanners, shoemakers, tailors, and others were organized into guilds, which were in charge of training apprentices and regulating a trade's practice in an area. Many guild records are in the Nordiska Museet collection in Stockholm. Do a search for the word Skråarkiv in Nationell Arkivdatabas.

This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list.

Sortable table
Occupation Short definition Full definition
abbot abbot
accismästare customs officer see Accismästare
ackuschörska a midwife
adelsbussar (military) soldier of lower rank see Adelsbussar
adelsman nobleman
adelssven page (youth) A young nobleman, who worked at a Royal Court.
adjunctus sacri ministerii (latin) pastorsadjunkt see adjunkt
adjunkt teacher (civil) teacher, 2nd level university, higher learning, or seminary; (ecclesiastical) pastorsadjunkt or pastoratsadjunkt
administer, administra (latin) attendant, and assistant
administrator (latin) administrator
advocat lawyer, attorney
advocatus ecclesiae (latin) lawyer of the assembly
aedituus (latin) keeper of the sacristy person in charge of the sacristy and ceremonial equipment
aftonsångspredikant evening-service preacher
agent agent, representative
aktor accuser, impeacher, prosecutor
aktris actress female play actor, performer
aktör actor male play actor, performer
allmänningsbonde common farmer, peasant, or man
allmäningskarl common farmer, peasant, or man
amiral admiral (military)
anförare leader, chief, commander, captain-general, captain (1788)
angivare informer (1788)
anklagare accuser, impeacher (1788)
ansättare (military) rammer service position with ramrods
apotekare pharmaceutical chemist, pharmacist
arbetskarl male worker, workman, laborer
arbetsman male worker, workman, laborer
arbk. abbreviation for arbetskarl male worker, workman, laborer
arkebusier (military) member of firing squad arkebusera is to shoot by order of the court
arkibiskop (1788) archbishop modern Swedish ärkebiskop
arklimästare (military) gunner gunner's mate, quarter gunner (from 1829)
arrendator tenant farmer, leaseholder see Arrendator
artillerist (military) man of the artillery
artillerikonstapel (military) bombardier
assessor assessor
assuradör insurer, underwriter
auktionist, auktionskommissarie auctioneer one who performs auctions for public sale
auktor, autor author author, penman, writer (1829)
avisskrivare newswriter gazetteer, or newswriter
avskedad soldat discharged, resigned soldier
avskrivare (1788) transcriber, copier
axplockare gleaner gleaning, earing, after gathering
backstuguhjon cottager (1788) see backstugusittare
backstugusittare cottager one who lived in a small cottage, dugout, or hut. See: Backstugusittare
badare keeper of a bath house (1788)
badaremästare barber surgeon
badmästare bath-keeper (1889)
bagare baker
bagaregesäll baker's man
bagarelärling baker's apprentice, baker's boy, bread chipper
bagaremästare master baker
banérförare (military) standard bearer, ensign bearer
banérherre (military) banneret
banér-riddare (military) knight banneret
bankvaktmästare porter, messenger at a bank
banmästare overseer of a railway line
barberare barber, shaver
barberarebiträde barber's assistant
barberaregesäll journeyman barber
barberarelärling barber's apprentice
barkare tanner (1829)
barnförlossare male midwife
barnmorska female midwife
barnpiga maid for children
barnsköterska female nurse (not wet nurse)
baron baron baron is a title used later for friherrar. Between 1626 and 1719 the nobility was divided into three classes. Friherrar belonged to the second class, yet still considered high nobility. After the dismantlement of the classes, the friherrar continued as nobility (some titled, others not) with a coat of arms.
basunist trumpeter performer on the trumpet, or trombone
bataljonsadjuntant (military) sergeant-major
bataljonschef (military) commander of a battalion
batterikonstapel (military) battalion bombardier
bedragare cheat, impostor, deceiver
befallningshavande governor, magistrate, officer in command Kungens ...His Majesties county government board, high sheriff
befallningsman bailiff, husbandry, overseer
befallningsman (konungens) county governor Also seen as abbreviation befalm.
befaren båtsman (military) traveling sailor
befordrare promoter, advancer, forwarder, furtherer (1788)
befällningshavande officer in command
beherskare commander (1788), ruler, master, monarch, overruler, controller (1889)
bensamlare rag and bone seller, bone hunter
bergmästare minemaster (1829) mineral surveyor as a government official (1889)
bergsarbetare miner
bergsbruksidkare mining man
bergsfogde bailiff of a mine a subordinate officer whose business lies in affairs relating to the mines (1788)
bergshauptman mine inspector
bergskarl miner
bergslagsman miner, proprietor of a mine
bergsman miner part owner of a mine (1788)
bergsprångare miner one who blows up rocks with gunpowder, miner (1788)
bergsråd counsellor in the board relating to mineral affairs (1788)
beridare horsebreaker, riding master
beskattningsman taxer, assessor
beslagare seizer, confiscator, setter a kind of bailiff (1788)
beslagskarl see beslagare
besökare customs official (1889), visitor (modern)
betalare paymaster (1788)
betjänt servant, civil servant
bettlare beggar
bevaktare guard, keeper
bevakningsbefälhavare captain of the watch
bevarare preserver, saver, conservator
beväringskarl militia man, conscript
beväringsman militia man, conscript
bibliotekarie librarian
bijouterihandlare dealer in jewelry, trinkets
bildhuggare sculptor, statuary, carver
bildskärare se bildsnidare
bildsnidare sculptor
biljettförsäljare ticket seller, booking clerk
biljettförsäljerska ticket seller, booking clerk (woman)
bilöpare interloper a illegal or unlicensed trader
bindare tier, binder, fastener for example net making
biodlare bee-keeper, bee-master, apiarist
biskop bishop sometimes abbreviated as bisp.
biskötare bee-keeper, bee-master
biträde assistant
bjudare inviter, asker, offerer, bidder
bleckslagare tin smith, white smith, tinner, tinman If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith: see: Smedskivan
blockmakare block maker, pulley maker
blodigelodlare cultivator of leeches
blomsterhandlare flower seller (male) also known as blomstermånglare
blomsterhandlerska flower seller (female) also known as blomstermånglerska
blomsterodlare cultivator of flowers, florist
blossbärare torch-bearer
blyarbetare lead worker, plumber
blyfalsare plumber
blystöpare plumber
blytäckare plumber
bodbetjent shopkeeper's clerk, shopman, counterman
boddräng shop hand
bodflicka shop girl, shop maid
bodgosse shop boy, shop keepers apprentice
bodhandlare shopkeeper, tradesman
bodmamsell shop girl, shop woman
bokbindare bookbinder
bokförare book keeper
bokhandlare bookseller
bokhållare book keeper same as bokförare
bokhäftare book stitcher
bokmakare book wright, book maker
bonde farmer, peasant, countryman, husbandman
bondedräng farm hand a farmer's man, young peasant
bondeflicka country girl
bondepiga peasant's maid
borgare citizen, burgher member of the bourgeois, townsman, tradesman, citizen of a city (meaning certain rights within the city)
borgmästare mayor in England and North America.. mayor, in Scotland.. provost, in Holland, Belgium, Flanders, and Germany.. burgomaster.
borrare borer, driller, piercer, perforator
borrmakare bit forger a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
borrsmed bit smith a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits   If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
boskapshandlare dealer of livestock
boskapsherde herdsman
boskapsskötare stockman
boskapsvaktare herdsman
boställshavare holder (occupier) of (an official) residence
bouppteckningsman person who inventories (1889)
boutredningsman administrator
brandmästare fire warden
braständare fire lighter
brevbärare letter carrier, postman
brevdragare see brevbärare
brevskrivare letter writer
brevställare see brevskrivare
brobyggare bridge builder
broderare embroiderer
broläggare bridge builder, paver
bromästare bridge master
bronsarbetare worker in bronze
bronsgjutare bronze founder, brazier
brottmålsdomare judge criminal
brottmålsnoterie crown clerk
brovaktare guard of a bridge
brovindare bridge driver
brukare user, employer, (in the case of arrendator) a tenant, leaseholder
bruksarbetare factoryman, workman employed on a manufacturing estate; workman in the employment of the iron works, foundryman, mill hand
bruksegare proprietor of a manufacturing estate
bryggare brewer
brännmästare master distiller
brännvinsbrännare brandy distiller
buntmakare fur merchant, furrier, fellmonger
byfogde hamlet bailiff
byggare, byggkarl builder, architect, constructor, founder
byggmästare master builder, contractor
bykerska washerwoman
byskomakare village shoemaker
bågflytt archer, bowman
båtsman, b.m., B.m. (military) seaman, sailor
bälgmakare bellows-maker
bödel executioner
bösseskytt (military)
bössmed gunsmith
cantor (latin) in latin refers to singing or music, in the church records see klockare
curatus (latin) kyrkopräst, kyrkoherde, kapellan
custod (latin) guardian, watchman, keeper, attendant
d., dr. abbreviation for dräng
dagkarl, daglönare day laborer
danneman yeoman, countryman, farmer
degn assistant to the priest The term "degn" is a Danish title for an assistant to the parish priest. The term can be found in the records for areas of modern Sweden that have Danish roots (Skåne, Halland, etc.)
deja, dejpiga maidservant, milkmaid
demoiselle Miss
d.g.
domare judge
domesticus (latin) servant, one who serves in a household
domprost dean see also prestman
dr. abbreviation for dräng
drabant, dravant (military) yeoman of the guard, beefeater
dragon (military) heavy and light cavalryman
dräng, dr. farmhand, man servant, bachelor
däga see deja
emigrantagent emigrant agent
emigrantvärvare emigrant agent
extra roteringsmän
fabriksarbetare factory worker
famnmätare corder of wood
fanjunkare (military) sergeant major, staff sergeant, quartermaster sergeant (1889)
fatburshustru wife of a storekeeper
fatburssven storehouse apprentice
fattighjon pauper
filtare felter
finbagare pastry cook
fiolmakare violen maker
fiskare fisherman
fiskarflicka fisher girl
fiskargosse fisher boy
fiskhandlare fish salesman, fish hawker
fjerdingsman under bailiff of a härad
fjäderarbetare feather maker
fjärdingsman see fjerdingsman
flickare cobbler, botcher, patcher
fogde governor (of a castle), or steward of a manor (1829 and 1889) also means sheriff, bailiff, marshall (1944)
forbonde carter, wagoner
forman see forbonde
formare moulder (1829)
friborgare freeman, citizen of a freetown (1829)
frihandlare free trader
friherre baron
friherrinna baroness
fru Mrs.
frälse nobility
frälsebonde a farmer who holds his land of a nobleman, chief tenant
frälsetorpare see frälsebonde
fröken lady, honorable Miss
fyrvaktare lighthouse man
fyrverkare (military) fire worker
fågelfängare bird catcher, birder, birdman
fånggevald, fånggevaldiger A person who guards prisoners during transporting of prisoners
fårherde sheep tender, shepherd
fårklippare sheep shearer
fädräng male herdsman, working with cattle
fäflicka female herder, working with cattle
fäktmästare fencing master, master swordsman
fältbagare army baker
fältjägare army ranger 
fältpredikant  army chaplain 
fältskär assistant army surgeon, barber- surgeon
fältväbel (military) sergeant major
fänrik  (military) ensign (carries a banner), junior lietutenant  also seen as fändrik
färgare dyer, stainer
färgaregesäll journeyman dyer
färikarl ferryman (1829)
färsing weaver, common weaver
fästebonde a tenant farmer This farmer works a farm under contract (fästebrev) from a main farm
förare carrier, transporter, conductor, military: NCO, sergeant meaning varies with context: profession- conductor, railroad- guard, guider, travel- guide, leader, navigator, escort
föreståndare manager manager of a school, or poor house, can also mean warden of a hospital
förpaktare tenant farmer, leaseholder alias to arrendator
förpantare mortgager,
försvarslös unemployed person, vagrant, vagabond also means defenseless
garnhandlare dealer in wools
garnisonssoldat soldier in garrison duty
garvare tanner (1829)
gaständare gas lighter
generalbefälhavare commanding general of a district
generallöjtnant lieutenant general
gesäll journeyman often abbreviated as gs
gjutare caster, founder, moulder works at a foundry
glasarbetare glass worker
glasblåsare glassblower
glasfabrikant glassmaker
glashandlare glassman
glasmakare, glasverkare glassmaker
glasmålare glass painter
glasslipare glass cutter, glass grinder
glasögonmakare maker of glasses, spectacle maker
glättare glosser, glazer, levigator
gratialist pensionary (1889) person who receives or lives on a pension
grenadjär (military) grenadier, infantryman
grosshandlare merchant, wholesale merchant, dealer
gruvarbetare miner
gruvbrytare miner
gruvförvaltare mine owner, puser to a mining company
gruvkarl see gruvarbetare
grönsakshandlare green grocer also known as grönsaksmånglare
gs. abbreviation for gesäll
guldarbetare goldsmith (1829) If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
guldsmed goldsmith (1829) If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
gårdsbrukare farmer
gårdsdräng see dräng
gårdsfogde see befallningsman
gästgivare innkeeper
gördelmakare, götlemakare brazier, girdler (1829, 1889)
hammarmästare forge master
hammarsmed forger, hammerman
hamnfogde overseer of a port
hamnkapten harbor master
handelsidkare trader, merchandiser
handelsman merchant, trader
handhavare dispenser, administrator, distributor
handskmakare glove maker, glover
hantverkare artisan, tradesman, craftsman
hantverksgesäll journeyman artisian
hattmakare hatmaker
hejdriddare ranger governmental official of the forest and hunting system of greater Sweden
hemmansegare farm owner
hemmansbrukare farmer husbandman (1829) referring to head of household
hemmansägare farmer, homeowner same as jordegare
herrgårdstjenst service at a manor
hjon person (1829, 1889) person who belongs to a group for example: tjänstehjon (a servant), inhyseshjon (a tenant), fattighjon (a pauper)
hjulmakare wheelwright, wheeler
hjulmakardräng wheelwrights servant or assistant
hjälphjon extra hand or helper
hjälphustru helping woman,
hovbagare (1829) the kings baker
hovdam (1829) lady of the court
hovbetjent (1829) officer of the court
hovjunkare (1829) servant to the king an officer who on court days sets the dishes on the kings table and carves the meat
hovkansler court chancellor
hovman (1829) courtier
hudafdragare (1889) skinner, flayer
husbonde (1829) master of a family or house
husdräng (1829) man servant in a house
husfader head of household, father
husflicka girl servant in a house
husfolk farmers, farm people
hushållare housekeeper
husjungfru (1829) see hushållerska
husmamsell housekeeper
husman tenant farmer see inhysseshjon, backstuguhjon (1829), see torpare (1889)
husmoder housewife, mistress of a family
huspiga housemaid
huspredikant private chaplain, house preacher
hustjänare house servant, domestic
hustru wife, mistress of a family
hyttarbetare smelter, works at a foundry
hållkarl hostler one who takes care of horses or mules
hårarbetare hair worker
häradsbokhållare see häradsskrivare
häradsdomare senior jurate the oldest of the jury
häradsfogde bailiff of a härad (district)
häradshövding judge of a härad (distirct), circuit judge
häradsskrivare clerk to assize, deputy clerk compiled various tax records for their taxation district (fögderi)
hövitsman captain
infanterist foot soldier
inhyses to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
inhyseshjon to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
inspektor inspector inspector of a school, or steward. comparable to befallningsman, rättare
inspektör inspector superior, superintendent
ishandlare ice man, dealer of ice
jagare hunter, chaser, pursuer
jodgumma (1829) midwife see barnmorska
jordbrukare husbandman (1829) cultivator, farmer (1889)
jordegare landowner, landholder, landlord
jordegumma midwife (1889)
jungfru maiden, virgin, miss, damsel
junker young nobleman, squire, lord, master, gentleman
jurist lawyer
justitieborgmästare recorder
justitieminister minster of justice
justitiestatsminister lord high chancellor, lord chief justice
juvelerare jeweller
jägare hunter, huntsman, woodman, ranger
jägeribetjent gamekeeper
jägmästare master of the forest, forester (government appointment)
järnhandlare dealer of iron
järnvägsarbetare worker on a railway
järnvägsbetjening service on a railway line
kakelungsmakare tile manufacturer, tile maker used to make tile stoves, or a tile fireplace
kammarfru bedchamber woman
kammarjunkare gentleman of the king's bedchamber
kammarjungfru see kammarpiga
kammarjägare rat hunter
kammarpiga lady's maid
kammarskrivare clerk in a government office
kamrerare accountant, clerk in charge of accounts
kanongjutare cannon founder founder who makes cannons
kapellmästare chapel master
kapellpredikant preacher at a chapel see kaplan
kaplan, kapellan chaplain, out vicar, curate
kapten (military) captain for example infaterikapten is a captain of infantry soldiers
karduansmakare cordwainer, leather dresser worker in cordovan leather, leather from Córdoba, Spain
kavallerist (military) cavalryman
kedjemakare chain maker
kistmakare box maker
kittelbotare, kittelflickare tinker
kittelslagare kettle maker
klampare a foreman at a lumberyard see Klampare
klensmed locksmith, toolmaker
klockare, klr. parish clerk see Klockare
klockgjutare bell founder
klr. abbreviation for klockare
kn. abbreviation for knekt
klädesfärgare cloth dyer
klädeshandlare cloth merchant
klädesvävare cloth weaver
klädsömmerska dressmaker
knalle pedlar, chapman, cheap jack
knappmakare button maker
knekt (military) soldier, man at arms
knifvässare knife sharpener, cutler
knifsmed cutler
knipare nipper
knypplare male lace maker
knypplerska female lace maker
koarrendator see mjölkarrendator
kofferdi merchant marine
kofferdimatros merchant seaman
koffertsnickare trunk maker
kokerska female cook, cook maid
kogubbe cow feeder, cow keeper
kolarbetare collier one that produces charcoal, or coal miner
kolare coal man, charcoal burner
kolbonde coal carter
kolhandlare coal merchant
komminister perpetual curate a clergyman in charge of a parish, or a clergyman serving as assistant in a parish
kommissarie commissioner could have various meanings such as: police superintendent, sheriffs bailiff, military commissary
konduktor conductor, guard with the railways
konduktör sergeant
konstapel (police) constable in the military it can mean corporal, bombardier, gunner, steward
konstnär artist
kontorskrivare clerk
kontraktsprost rural dean
kopparslagare coppersmith If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
koppartryckare copper plate printer
korgarbetare basket worker, wicker
korgflätare basket maker
korherre canon a clergyman receiving a sum of money for officiating and serving in the church
korpral (military) corporal
kovaktare cow keeper
kreaturshandlare see boskapshandlare
krf., krfi., krfierd, krfj. abbreviation kronofjärdingsman
krigsman soldier
kronoarrendator crown tenant, crown peasant
kronobefallningsman see länsman
kronobetjäning police
kronobonde crown peasant
kronofogde high bailiff and collector of taxes See Kronofogden
kronojägare ranger
kronolänsman, krlmn. see länsman
kronouppbördsman commissioner of the inland revenue, tax collector
krukmakare potter
kryddkrämare grocer, storekeeper
krögare keeper of a public house, tavern keeper, ale draper
kurir courier
kusk, kutsk coachman
kvarnarrendator renter of a mill
kvarnbyggare mill wright
kvarndräng mill hand
kvarnegare mill owner
kvarntullsinspektor mill toll inspector
kypare wine cooper, cooper
kyrkobetjänare churchman, clergyman
kyrkoföreståndare churchwarden
kyrkoherde rector, parson, parish minister
kyrkovaktare church guard, sexton
kyrkvärd churchwarden
käpphandlare cane seller, caneman
kökbetjäning kitchen staff
kökspiga kitchen maid
köpman merchant
körsnär fur merchant, furrier see buntmakare
kötthandlare meat salesman, butcher
köttmånglare see kötthandlare
ladugårdsidkare dairyman
ladugårdspiga dairymaid
laggare hooper a binder, who fastens or binds as with a hoop
lagkarl lawyer
landbo tenant farmer  with weaker right than an "åbo" tenant farmer
landshövding lord lieutenant see befallningshavande
landsknekt (military) landsquenet
landskontorist clerk in receivers office
landsman fellow countryman, compatriot
landstrykare vagrant, tramp
landsvägsriddare knight of the road can also mean tramp, marauder
landtbo countryman, person from the country
landtbrukare farmer, gentleman farmer
landtbruksbokhållare under steward
landtbruksinspektor land steward
landtflicka country girl
landthandlare country shopkeeper
landthushållare husbandman see also jordbrukare
landtjunkare country squire, country buck, fox hunter
lantmätare a surveyor employed by the National Surveying Office (Lantmäteriet.)
lappare patcher, botcher, clouter, cobbler
lappbonde Lapp peasant
lappskarvare botcher, cobbler, arch botcher
lappskräddare patch tailor, botcher
lastningsbokhållare shipping clerk
legoknekt (military) mercenary
likörare hearse driver
liktarskeppare lighterman, bargeman
limkokare glue boiler
linberedare flax dresser
linhandlare dealer in flax, flaxman
linhäcklare flax dresser
livdrabant (military) yeoman of the guard
livdragon (military) trooper belonging to the dragoons
livgrenadjär  (military) soldier belonging tot the grenadiers 
livhussar (military) trooper belonging to the hussars
ljusfabrikör candlemaker
logarvare tanner
lokomotivförare locomotive driver, locomotive engineer
lots sea pilot
lumphandlare rag dealer
lumpsamlare ragman, rag picker, bunter
lånförmedlare negotiator of loans, broker
läkare doctor healer, curer, physician
länsbokhållare sheriff clerk
länsinnehavare tenant of a feud
länsman sheriff
länsåklagare county prosecutor
lärare teacher
lärling apprentice
löjtnant lieutenant
lösdrivare vagrant
madam title of a married woman in the working class (1889), Mrs. Earlier a title with status between "hustru" (farmers, etc.) and "fru" (noblit, priests, etc.)
madrassmakare mattressmaker
magasinbokhållare warehouse clerk
magasinsförvaltare store keeper, warehouse clerk
magistratsperson municipal officer, magistrate, alderman
magistratssekreterare town clerk
major (military) army major
majorska wife of a major
malmbrytare mine digger, miner
malthandlare dealer in malt, maltman
mamsell miss comparable to fröken
mantalskommissarie tax collector (for the mantals tax)
manufakturhandlare haberdasher dealer in mens clothing and accessories
marketentare sutler a civilian provisioner to an army post often with a shop on the post
marketenterska canteen woman, sutler wench (1889)
marmorarbetare marble cutter
maskinarbetare mechanic, machinist
maskinist machinist
masmästare smelting master
materialförvaltare store keeper
matlagerska female cook
matmoder housewife, mistress of a house
matros sailor, seaman foremast man, tarry sailor, able seaman (1889)
mattbindare mat maker, straw platter
matvaruhandlare provision merchant, deatler in provisions
mejerska dairy maid
messingsslagare brass smith, brazier If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
messingssmed brass smith If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
metallarbetare metal worker
metallgjutare brass founder, brazier
mildsoldat militiaman
mineralgrävare miner
minister government minister
minuthandlare retailer
minör miner (1889)
mjölhandlare flour merchant
mjölkarrendator tenant dairy farmer
mjölkförsäljare milkman
mjölkförsäljerska milkwoman
mjölkhustru milkwoman
mjölkpiga milkmaid, dairymaid
mjöldräng miller's man
mjölnare miller
mjölnarhustru millers wife
mjölnerska miller woman
modehandlare dealer in fancy goods
modesömmerska milliner (1889) a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
modist milliner a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
murare mason bricklayer, stone mason
muraregesäll journeyman mason
murarelärling masons apprentice
murarmästare master mason
mureriarbetare bricklayer
murerihandtlangare hodman a bricklayer's or mason's laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod
musketerare musketeer
målare painter, artist
målargesäll journeyman painter
målarmästare master painter
månglerska  market woman could be a variety of goods like, vegetables, fruits, or fish
månglare retailer, dealer of goods like vegetable, fruit, or fish
mältare maltman, maltster
mästare master
mästergesäll master journeyman
möbelhandlare dealer in furniture
möbelmakare cabinet maker
möbelsnickare cabinet maker
mölnare (1829) see mjölnare
mönsterherre (military) muster master
mönsterskrivare (military) muster clerk keeping record of the military muster rolls
mössmakare cap maker
nattman night man
nattvaktare night watchman
nipperhandlare milliner, toyman (1829)
nipphandlerska dealer in fancy articles (1889)
nybyggare settler or colonizer
nålmakare needle maker
nämdeman , nm., nman juror  kind of juryman/lay judge 
näringsidkare tradesman
nätbindare net maker
officer officer
okulist oculist could be for glasses, or eye doctor
ombudsman attorney, proctor
opperstyrman captain's mate
organist organist
orgelbyggare organ builder
orgelnist organist
orgelspelare organ player
orgeltrampare organ blower
osthandlare cheese dealer, cheesemongers shop
ostronhandlare oysterman, dealer of oysters
oxhandlare cattle dealer
oxslagtare beef butcher
packhusinspektor pack officer
packhuskarl packer
pansarsmed armourer
pantaregare owner of a pawn
pantgivare mortgager
papparbetare paste board worker
pappersfabrikör paper maker
pappershandlare stationer, paper man, paper merchant
pappersskärare paper cutter
pappmakare cardboard
parfymfabrikant perfume manufacturer, perfume maker
parfymhandlare perfumer, perfume dealer
parmmätare hay measurer
pastor parish minister, pastor also known as kyrkoherde and prost
pastor et prepositus, p. et. p. (latin) parish priest
pastorsadjunkt stipendiary curate clergyman receiving pay
pelshandlare furrier
pensionsföreståndare master of a boarding school
perukmakare wig maker
p. et. P. (latin) abbreviation: pastor et prepositus parish priest
piga maid, maiden, servant girl, female farmhand 
pipare piper
pipsmed see bössmed
piskmakare whip makeer
plogsmed plough wright
plymmakare feather maker
plåtslagare black smith, worker in sheet iron If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
porterbryggare brewer of dark ale
postförare mail driver
postmästare postmaster
predikant preacher, sermoner, sermonizer
prest priest, parson, minister, clergyman (1829)
principal employer, master
profoss flogmaster (military)
prost dean, sub dean (1829)
provinsialläkare district physician, country doctor
präst minister
pungmakare pouch maker
rackare deputy executioner, flayer, dog and cat killer in other contexts it can mean rascal, villain
reesig (military)
regementsknekt (military)
repslagare rope maker
resandefolk itinerant, or migratory people
resepredikant itinerant preacher
riddare knight
ridlärare riding master
roddare rower, boatsman, oar's man
rorgängare helmsman, steersman
roteman assistant overseer in cities it can mean alderman of a city ward
rotemästare see rotmästare
rotesoldat (military) soldier for a district in a parish
rotmästare  (military) leader it can also mean chief equipper of a soldier
ruggare worker in textile manufacturing
rusthållare farm owner providing a cavalry soldier and horse and equipment to the army  a voluntary agreement, in exchange for tax breaks, and not having to provide for a "rote" soldier 
ryttare (military) cavalryman
ryttmästare captain of a cavalry
rådbisittare city councilman member of the city council whose job was to oversee the guilds in a city. See the Rådbisittare
rådman councilman
rättare overseer (1829)
Sacri Ministerii adjunctus, S.M. adj., S.M.A. (latin) assistant priest
Sacri Ministerii Candidat (latin) priest in training
sadelmakare saddle maker, leather worker
salthandlare dealer of salt, saltman
saltmätare person who measures salt
saltpetersjudare/salpetersjudare a boiler or producer of saltpeter see Saltpetersjudare
satinvävare satin weaver
saxmakare maker of scissors, shears, snuffers
segelmakare sail maker
segelsömmare sail maker
sejlare cord maker
sergeant sergeant
sexmän type of parish law enforcement See Sexmän
silkhandlare silk merchant
sillpackare herring packer
sjöman sailor, seaman
skarprättare executioner, hangman
skarpskytt (military) sharpshooter
skattebonde
skatteindrivare tax collector
skeppare skipper
skeppsbyggmästare master ship builder
skeppsgosse ship boy
skoarbetare shoe maker
skogshuggare wood cutter, lumberer
skogvaktare forester
skollärare schoolteacher
skomakare shoemaker
skomakaregesäll journeyman shoemaker
skomakaremästare master shoemaker
skråmästare master of a guild
skräddare, skrädkarl tailor
skräddaregesäll journeyman tailor
skräddarelärling tailor's apprentice
skulptör sculptor
skutskeppare master of a billy boy, hoyman
skådespelare stage player, actor
skärslippare tool, or scissor grinder (sharpener)
skördeman harvestman, harvester, reaper
sköterska nurse
slaktare meat cutter, butcher
S.M. Adj., S.M., S.M.A. see Sacri Ministerii adjunctus
S.M.C., S.M. Cand. see Sacri Ministeri Candidat
smed smith, blacksmith, forger, hammerer If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
smedsgesäll journeyman smith If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
smedsmästare master smith If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
småkrämare dealer in small wares
smältare smelter, melter, fuser
smältarsmed shingler
smörhandlare butterman, butter merchant
snickare joiner, cabinetmaker
snickarmästare master jointer
snörmakare fringemaker, loopmaker, lacemaker
sockenpräst parish priest, parson (1829)
sockenskrivare parish clerk, vestry clerk
sockerbagare confectioner, pastry cook
sockerbruksarbetare sugar refiner (workman)
soldat soldier
speditör forwarding shipping agent agent who receives goods for a firm, who sends the goods to another for a fee
spetshandlare dealer in lace, lace merchant
spetsknypplerska female lace maker
spiksmed nailer, person who makes nails
spinnare spinner
spinnerska female spinner, spinstress
spinnhushjon inmate of a house of correction it was common to send women who broke the law to a spinnhus to serve their time
stadsfogde town bailiff
stadskamrer town clerk
stadsläkare physician to the town, town doctor
statare, statsdräng see statkarl
statkarl farm hand farm worker receiving wages partly in provisions (1889)
statman statesman
statsfru lady of state
stenarbetare stone worker
stenbrytare quarrier, quarryman
stenhuggare stonecutter
stenkolsarbetare collier one who produces charcoal, or coal miner
stickerska knitter, woman who knits
strykerska laundress, ironing woman
strängmakare string maker
styckgjutare gun founder
styckjunkare (military) artillery staff sergeant see fanjunkare
styresman governor, head, chief leader, manager, director
styrman (military) steersman helmsman, steerer, navigator, pilot
stålarbetare steel worker
stålsmed steel smith
stålmångelska stall woman
sutor (latin) shoemaker see skomakare
svamphandlare dealer in sponges, sponge merchant (1889)
svarvare turner (1829, as in Lathe turning )
svärdfejare sword cutler, blade smith, armourer
symamsell seamstress
sågställare saw setter
sämskmakare see garvare
sättare type setter, or (military) rammer
taktäckare roofer
tandläkare dentist, tooth drawer (1889)
tapetserare upholsterer, or wall paper hanger
tappare tapster, bottler (1889) tapster is another title for bartender
tattare gipsy (1829)
taxeringsman assessor
tegelformare brick moulder
tegelbrännare brickmaker, tiler
tegelslagare brickmoulder, tiler see tegelslagare
tegeltäckare tiler
tehandlare dealer in tea, tea dealer
tenngjutare pewterer, tinman, tin smith If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
tiggare beggar
timmerhuggare timber cutter
timmerman carpenter, builder
tingsskrivare copyist of court cases
tjuv thief
tjänare servant also means domestic, menial worker, or attendant
tjänstehjon servant, menial work see tjänare
tobakshandlare tobacco merchant
tobaksspinnare tobacco spinner
tolvman se nämdeman
tornväktare tower watch
torpare cottager, tenant farmer, peasant This term can have different meanings according to where you are in the country. In southern Sweden it means a farmer who is dependent on another farm (like a tenant farmer.) In northern Sweden it is more likely that the torpare owned his little farm.
tresserska braider, plaiter
trikotstickerska tricot knitter, a woman who knits tricot fabric
trummare drummer
tryckare printer, pressman
trädgårdsmästare gardener
tullbetjänt customs officer
tulltjänsteman customs officer
tullvaktmästare landing waiter
tunnbindare barrelmaker, cooper
tunnelarbetare tunneller
tvättare male launderer, washerman
tvätterska washerwoman
tvättgumma washerwoman
tältmakare tent maker
ullfärgare wool dyer
ullhandlare wool merchant, trader in wool
underlöjtnant sub lieutenant
underofficer non comissioned officer
underståtthållare sub governor, deputy sheriff
urmakare watch and clockmaker
vagnmakare cartwright, carriage maker
vagnmästare wagon master
vaktare keeper, warder, guard, watcher
vaktmästare caretaker
vallflicka shepherd girl, girl tending cattle, shepherdess
valkare fuller, miller
vallhjon a person tending cattle in the field
vandrare wanderer, rambler, stroller, tramper
vapendragare squire, esquire
vedhuggare wood cutter
vice häradshövding see häradshövding
vicepastor curate a clergyman in charge of a parish, or an assistant to the clergyman in charge of a parish
vinodlare wine grower
vårdarinna nurse
väglagare repairer of roads
vävare weaver
yllehandlare dealer of woolen cloth, woolman
yrke occupation, profession
yrkesidkare trader
yrkesman craftsman
åbo tenant farmer with conditional, inherited lease
ålderman head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889) Another use of the title was the headmaster of a guild. See Ålderman
ämbetsman government official, crown officer
överbefalhavare commander in chief
överkonstapel (military) corporal
överståthållare governor
ölbryggare beer brewer


References[edit | edit source]

  • Anderson, Kent & Anderö, Henrik, Ordbok för släktforskare, ICA Bokfölag, Västerås 2006
  • Björkman, Carl Gustaf, Svensk engelsk ordbok, P.A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockhholm 1889. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at Svensk engelsk ordbok
  • Widegren, Gustaf, Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon, Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon
  • Family History Dept, Genealogical Word List: Sweden, Salt Lake City, 1997
  • Harlock, Walter E., Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga, P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm 1944
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