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| {{CountrySidebar | | {{Senegal-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb |
| |Country=Senegal
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| |Name=Senegal
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| |Type=Topic
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| |Topic Type=Background
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| |Background=Languages
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| |Rating=Standardized
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| }}{{breadcrumb | |
| | link1=[[Senegal Genealogy|Senegal]] | | | link1=[[Senegal Genealogy|Senegal]] |
| | link2= | | | link2= |
| | link3= | | | link3= |
| | link4= | | | link4= |
| | link5=[[Senegal Languages|Languages]] | | | link5=[[Senegal Language and Languages|Languages]] |
| }} | | }} |
| ==Description==
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| Senegal is a multilingual country with 36 languages listed.<br>
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| '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language Wolof]''' is the most widely spoken language as a first or second language (80%).<br>
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| '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language French]''' is the official language (inherited from the colonial era) but only about 15-20% of men and 1-2% of women understand French.<br>
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| '''English''' is taught as a foreign language in many graduate school languages and secondary schools. Widely used by the business and scientific community.<br>
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| <br>
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| Those with national language status include: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Senegal," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Senegal, accessed 30 Nov 2022.</ref>
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanta_languages Balanta-Ganja]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic Arabic]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jola-Fonyi_language Jola-Fonyi]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_language Mandinka]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjak_language Mandjak]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankanya_language Mankanya]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noon_language Noon] (Serer-Noon)'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaar_language Pulaar]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_language Serer]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soninke_language Soninke]'''
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| * '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language Wolof]'''
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| '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language American Sign Language]''' is used for education of the deaf in Senegal.
| | Senegal has French as its official language, although only 12% of the population can speak it. Other minority languages include Serer, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo and Sarakole while Wolof is the national language. |
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| ==Word List(s)==
| | The official language of the Gambia is English. Other languages include Mandingo, Fula, and Wolof. Many official records have been kept in English.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Senegal and the Gambia,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1999.</ref> |
| * [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/wolof/#:~:text=Vocabulary Wolof Vocabulary] - MustGo Travel
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| * [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/wolof.php#:~:text=Useful%20phrases%20in%20Wolof Wolof Useful Phrases] - Omniglot
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| * [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/BALANTA_GANJA Balanta-Ganja Word List] - The ASJP Database
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| * [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/DYO/dyo_word-list_1962_02.html Jola-Fonyi Word List] - UCLA Phonetics Lab
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| * [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/MANDINKA Mandinka Word List] - The ASJP Database
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| * [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/MANKANYA Mankanya Word List] - The ASJP Database
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| * [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/PULAAR_FUTA_TOORO Pulaar Word List] - The ASJP Database
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| * [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/FUC/fuc_word-list_1972_01.html Pulaar Word List] - UCLA Phonetics Lab
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| * [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/SONINKE_3 Soninke Wod List] - The ASJP Database
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| ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
| | *[http://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm Wolof] |
| '''Alphabet'''
| | *[https://glosbe.com/en/mnk/ English Mandinka Dictionary] |
| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language#:~:text=orthography%20of%20Wolof Wolof Vowels and Consonants] - Wikipedia | | *[http://people.virginia.edu/~ds8s/Kujamaat-Joola/DIC/Joola-Dic.html Diola/Joola Language with translations.] This specific language is tones so it is a bit difficult |
| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm#:~:text=Wolof%20(Latin)%20alphabet Wolof Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanta_languages#:~:text=phonemes%20of%20the%20Balanta%20dialects Balanta Vowels and Consonants] - Wikipedia | |
| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanta_languages#:~:text=orthography%20of%20Balanta Balanta Letters of the Alphabet] - Wikipedia
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/balantaganja.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Balanta-Ganja Balanta-Ganja Alphabet] - Omniglot | |
| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm#:~:text=Arabic%20consonants Arabic Consonants] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/jolafonyi.htm#:~:text=Jola-Fonyi%20alphabet Jola-Fonyi Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/mandinka.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Mandinka Mandinka Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/mankanya.htm#:~:text=Mankanya%20alphabet Mankanya Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/noon.htm#:~:text=Noon%20alphabet Noon Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/serer.htm#:~:text=Serer%20Latin%20alphabet Serer Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/soninke.htm#:~:text=Soninke%20alphabet Soninke Alphabet] - Omniglot
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| '''Pronunciation'''
| | == References == |
| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language#:~:text=long%20vowels%20are%20pronounced%20with%20more%20time Wolof Pronunciation] - Wikipedia
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm#:~:text=Wolof%20pronunciation Wolof Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/jolafonyi.htm#:~:text=pronunciation Jola-Fonyi Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/mankanya.htm#:~:text=pronunciation Mankanya Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/noon.htm#:~:text=pronunciation Noon Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/serer.htm#:~:text=pronunciation Serer Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| * [https://omniglot.com/writing/soninke.htm#:~:text=pronunciation Soninke Pronunciation] - Omniglot
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| ==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
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| '''Dictionaries'''
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| * Munro, Pamela, and Dieynaba Gaye. ''Ay baati Wolof : a Wolof dictionary.'' Los Angeles, Los Angeles: Dept. of Linguistics, University of California, 1997. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/39324980 WorldCat].
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| * Dial, Abdoulaye. ''Dictionary Wolof-English / English-Wolof.'' Nord-Saint-Louis, Senegal: Impr. Serigne Fallou Mbacké, 2013. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/876801372 WorldCat].
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| * Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar. ''A short Wolof-English dictionary.'' Dakar, Senegal,: Presses Universitaires de Dakar, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/909897312 WorldCat].
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| * Ashrif, Muhammad I, and B. K. Sidibe. ''English Mandinka dictionary.'' Yundum, Gambia: M.I. Ashrif, 1965. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/8283402 WorldCat].
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| * Gamble, David P. ''Mandinka-English dictionary.'' Colonial Off., London: Research Dept., 1955. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1622472 WorldCat].
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| * Baldeh, Fodeh. ''A dictionary of Gambian Fula : Pulaar-English, English-Pulaar.'' Kanifing: Fulladu Publishers, 2020. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1202174878 WorldCat].
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| * Niang, Mamadou Ousmane. ''Pulaar-English/English-Pulaar.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/37373487 WorldCat].
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| '''Online Dictionaries'''
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/wo Dictionary English - Wolof] - Glosbe
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| * [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/wolof_dictionary.htm Wolof dictionary] - LexiLogos
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/bjt Dictionary English - Balanta-Ganja] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/ar Dictionary English - Arabic] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/dyo Dictionary English - Jola-Fonyi] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/mnk Dictionary English - Mandinka] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/fuc Dictionary English - Pulaar] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/srr/en Dictionary Serer - English] - Glosbe
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| * [https://glosbe.com/en/snk Dictionary English - Soninke] - Glosbe
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| '''Language Aids'''
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| * [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/wolof/#:~:text=Grammar Wolof Grammar] - MustGo Travel
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| * Dial, Abdoulaye. ''Introduction to Wolof grammar .'' Nord-Saint-Louis, Senegal: Impr. Serigne Fallou Mbacké, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/877822775 WorldCat].
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| * Niasse, Ahmed Khalifa. ''The dynamics of Wolof language.'' Dakar: L'Harmattan Sénégal, 2021. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1268573281 WorldCat].
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| * Gamble, David P. ''Elementary Wolof grammar.'' Colonial Office, London: Research Dept., 1958. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/760806367 WorldCat].
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| ==Additional Resources==
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| * Henderson, Linda, and Deborah L. Newsome. ''Wolof learning manual for English speakers.'' Banjul, The Gambia: Timbooktoo Bookshop, 2021. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1346569670 WorldCat].
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| == References == | |
| {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
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| [[Category:Senegal]] | | [[Category:Senegal]] |
