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| {{CountrySidebar | | {{Israel-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb |
| |Country=Israel
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| |Name=Israel
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| |Type=Topic
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| |Topic Type=Background
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| |Background=Languages
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| |Rating=Standardized
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| }}{{breadcrumb | |
| | link1=[[Israel Genealogy|Israel]] | | | link1=[[Israel Genealogy|Israel]] |
| | link2= | | | link2= |
| | link3= | | | link3= |
| | link4= | | | link4= |
| | link5=[[Israel Languages|Languages]] | | | link5=[[Israel Language and Languages|Languages]] |
| }} | | }} |
| [[Category:Israel]] | | [[Category:Israel]] |
| ==Description==
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| The Israeli population is linguistically and culturally diverse.
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language '''Hebrew'''] is the country's official language, and almost the entire population speaks it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. Its standard form, known as Modern Hebrew, is the main medium of life in Israel.
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic '''Arabic'''] is used mainly by Israel's Arab minority which comprises about one-fifth of the population. Arabic has a special status under Israeli law.
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language '''Russian'''] is spoken by about 20% of the Israeli population, mainly by the large immigrant population from the former Soviet Union.
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| *'''English''' is a known foreign language by a significant proportion of the Israeli population as English is used widely in official logos and road signs alongside Hebrew and Arabic.
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| *In addition, the 19th edition of Ethnologue lists '''36 languages and dialects''' spoken through Israel.
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| According to a 2011 Government Social Survey of Israelis over 20 years of age report their native language as:
| | ==How to Read Hebrew Internet Pages== |
| ::*Hebrew 49%
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| ::*Arabic 18%
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| ::*Russian 15%
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| ::*Yiddish 2%
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| ::*French 2%
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| ::*English 2%
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| ::*1.6% Spanish
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| ::*10% other languages (including Romanian, German and Amharic, which were not offered as answers by the survey). This study also noted that 90% of Israeli Jews and over 60% of Israeli Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Cyprus," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Israel, accessed 27 October 2021.</ref>
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| ==Word List(s)==
| | 1. In Google Chrome, you will frequently be offered buttons at the top for translating to English.<br> |
| '''Hebrew'''
| | 2. For many browsers, you can right click for a drop-down menu that offers Translate to English as an option. For my Mac, it doesn't show on the first attempt, but does when I try a second time.<br> |
| *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/hebrew.php Useful Hebrew phrases (Omniglot)]
| | 3. Steve Morse offers a Hebrew translation tool, [http://stevemorse.org/hebrew/eng2heb.html '''Transliterating English to Hebrew in One Step'''].<br> |
| *[https://www.teachmehebrew.com/500-basic-hebrew-words.html 500 Basic Hebrew Words (Teach Me Hebrew)]
| | 4. Fairly large amounts of text can be pasted into Google Translate's [https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=google+translate+hebrew+to+english&* '''Hebrew to English''']. |
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| '''Arabic''' | |
| *[[Arabic Genealogical Word List]]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/arabic.php Useful Arabic phrases (Omniglot)]
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| '''Russian'''
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| *[[Russian Genealogical Word List]]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/russian.php Useful Russian phrases (Omniglot)]
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| ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
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| '''Hebrew'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language#Phonology Hebrew phonology (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet Hebrew alphabet (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm Hebrew Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
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| '''Arabic'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic phonology (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet Arabic alphabet (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
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| '''Russian''' | |
| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology Russian phonology (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet Russian alphabet (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm Russian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
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| ==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
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| '''Hebrew'''
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/hebrew_dictionary.htm Modern Hebrew dictionary (Lexilogos)]
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| *[https://glosbe.com/en/he English to Hebrew Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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| *[https://www.duolingo.com/course/he/en/Learn-Hebrew Learn Hebrew (duolingo)]
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| *[http://mylanguages.org/learn_hebrew.php Learn Hebrew (MyLanguages)]
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| '''Arabic'''
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/arabic_dictionary.htm Arabic dictionary (Lexilogos)]
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| *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar English to Arabic Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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| *[https://www.duolingo.com/course/ar/en/Learn-Arabic Learn Arabic (duolingo)]
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| *[https://www.arabicpod101.com/ Learn Arabic (ArabicPod101)]
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| '''Russian''' | |
| *[[Russian Letter Writing Guide]]
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/russian_dictionary.htm Russian dictionary (Lexilogos)]
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| *[https://glosbe.com/en/ru English to Russian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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| *[https://www.duolingo.com/course/ru/en/Learn-Russian Learn Russian (duolingo)]
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| *[https://www.babbel.com/learn-russian Learn Russian (Babbel)]
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| ==Additional Resources== | |
| * Naor, Menahem. ''Hebrew language and grammar : a practical textbook.'' Jerusalem: R. Mass, 1949. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/11922466 WorldCat]. | |
| * Wood, Charles Travers, Henry Craven Ord Lanchester, and R H Kennett. ''A Hebrew grammar.'' n.p.: CPSIA, 2016. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/964546166 WorldCat].
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| *[https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel Israel (Britannica)]
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| *[https://wikitravel.org/en/Israel Israel (Wikitravel)]
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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