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| {{CountrySidebar | | {{Afghanistan-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb |
| |Country=Afghanistan
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| |Name=Afghanistan
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| |Type=Topic
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| |Topic Type=Background
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| |Background=Languages
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| |Rating=Standardized
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| }}{{breadcrumb | |
| | link1=[[Afghanistan Genealogy|Afghanistan]] | | | link1=[[Afghanistan Genealogy|Afghanistan]] |
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| | link5=[[Afghanistan Languages|Languages]] | | | link5=[[Afghanistan Languages|Languages]] |
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| ==Online Resources==
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| *[http://thepashto.com/ Pashto online dictionary]
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| *[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm Pashto Language resources]
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| *[http://www.afghan-web.com/language/ Afghanistan Languages (afghan-web)]
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| *[https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan Afghanistan (Britannica)]
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| ==Description==
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| With upwards of 40 distinct languages, Afghanistan is a linguistically diverse nation.<br>
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| The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari '''Dari or Dari Persian '''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto '''Pashto'''] have official status in Afghanistan and are two of the leading languages in the country. <br>
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari '''Dari or Dari Persian ''']<br>
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| ** is spoken by 78% as a native language or 2nd language
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| ** is the most widely understood language as a shared language between multiple ethnic groups in the country<br>
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| ** has served as a historical Lingua Franca between different linguistic groups in the region<br>
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| ** is an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages Irainian Language] <br>
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto '''Pashto''']<br>
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| ** is spoken by 35%
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| ** is not multi-ethnic and is not as commonly spoken by non-Pashtuns
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| ** is an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_languages Iranian language] <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
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| Other regional languages are spoken by minority groups across the country. They are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them. These include: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language '''Uzbek'''] is spoken by 10%
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_language '''Turkmen'''] is spoken by 2%
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language '''Balochi'''] is spoken by 1%
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashayi_languages '''Pashayi'''] is spoken by 1%
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| * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristani_languages '''Nuristani'''] is spoken by 1%
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| English is most spoken as a foreign language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Afghanistan," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan, accessed 15 May 2023.</ref>
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| ==Word List(s)==
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| '''Dari or Dari Persian '''
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| *[[Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List|Farsi (Persian) Genealogical Word List]]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/dari.htm Useful phrases in Dari (Omniglot)]
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| '''Pashto'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto#Vocabulary Pashto Vocabulary (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/pashto.php Useful phrases in Pashto (Omniglot)]
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| ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
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| '''Dari or Dari Persian '''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari#Phonology Dari Phonology (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dari.htm Dari Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
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| *[https://forvo.com/languages/prs/ Dari pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
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| '''Pashto'''
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_phonology Pashto phonology (Wikipedia)]
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| *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm Pashto Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
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| *[https://forvo.com/languages/ps/ Pashto pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
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| ==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
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| '''Dari or Dari Persian '''
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| *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/prs English to Dari Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/dari_dictionary.htm Dari dictionary (Lexilogos)]
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| *[http://ilanguages.org/dari.php Learn Dari (ilanguages)]
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| * Bulkin, Carleton. ''Dari practical dictionary : Dari-English English-Dari.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/858731557 WorldCat].
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| '''Pashto'''
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| *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ps English to Pashto Dictionary (Glosbe)]
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| *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/pashto_dictionary.htm Pashto dictionary (Lexilogos)]
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| *[http://ilanguages.org/pashto.php Learn Pashto (ilanguages)]
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| * Khattak, Niazi. ''The Pashto dictionary : a concise English-Pashto dictionary.'' n.p.: n.p., 2021. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1268548840 WorldCat].
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| * Pimsleur (Firm). ''Conversational Pashto.'' New York: Pimsleur, 2010. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/667693217 WorldCat].
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| ==Additional Resources==
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| * Yarzi, Shawali. ''English, Pashto & Dari dictionary.'' London: Sabawoon Language Services, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/698134929 WorldCat].
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| ==References==
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| | *[http://www.afghan-web.com/language/Culture Languages] |
| | *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Afghanistan Languages/Ethnologue] |
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| [[Category:Afghanistan]] | | [[Category:Afghanistan]] |
