Mexico Naming Customs: Difference between revisions

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 == Surnames  ==
-Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as Juan. As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Until the 10th century, common people did not use a surname. The Council of Trent (1545 to 1563) made it mandatory to keep parish records that would list names of the child, parents, and godparents.
-In 1568, Phillip II decreed that the Moors should abandon their names and adopt Spanish names. Thus, some Moorish names such as Ben-egas became Venegas. In France, placing de was a mark of nobility, but in Spain it was only a preposition of origin (of or from) used before a geographic name. From long usage, names such as Del Monte became Delmonte, and La Villa became Lavilla.
 The four influences that played a part in the development of Spanish surnames were patronymical, occupational, descriptive or nickname, and geographical (estates, manors, and dominions) terms. Examples of these influences are:
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 *'''Toponymic.''' Based on a person’s residence, such as Domingo del Río (Domingo from near a river) and Juan de Córdova (Juan from Córdova).
-At first, surnames applied only to one person and not to the whole family. After a few generations these names became hereditary and were used from father to son.
-Surnames were first used by the nobility and wealthy landowners. Later the custom was followed by merchants and townspeople and eventually by the rural population. This process took two or three centuries. In Spain the name system was well established by the 1100s. The naming customs of Spain became the basis for other Spanish-speaking countries.
-It is not possible to determine the exact year or even the century when a particular family name was taken. By the end of the 13th century many families determined to retain the patronymic with out continuing to change the name from generation to generation. Thus, the hereditary apellidos (surnames) were in use by the time of the discovery of the New World.
-In Mexico many surnames of Spanish origin were given to the native Indians and African children when the priests baptized them. Others were simply baptized Juan, José, María, and so on, and later descendants obtained a surname.
-Typical surnames from various parts of Spain include Castilian (Fernández, Morales), Basque (Ibáñez, Vásquez), Gallego (Brétema, Seoane), Portuguese (Coelho, Ferreira), and Catalán (Ventura, Gralla).
-The following suffixes of surnames show that they had a patronymic origin: az, ez, iz, oz, and uz. However, the scribes and priest often spelled the patronymic surnames with s instead of the z, and they changed the plural surname ending in s to z. Therefore the plural forms of surnames may be confused with the patronymic surname. Examples of plural names include Torres and Flores.
-Spanish priests would often assign Indian family names as surnames. Some Indian surnames have been translated, such as Dzul to Caballero (gentleman), and Dzib to Escribano (scribe).
 === Double and Compound Surnames ===
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 *The [http://www.pergaminovirtual.com/apellidos.html "Apellidos" search page] on PergaminoVirtual, a Spanish-language website<br>
 *The [http://www.cyndislist.com/hispanic.htm#Queries "Queries, Message Boards &amp; Surname Lists" section] of the "Hispanic, Central &amp; South America, &amp; the West Indies" page within Cyndi's List
+==History of Surnames==
+Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as Juan. As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Until the 10th century, common people did not use a surname. The Council of Trent (1545 to 1563) made it mandatory to keep parish records that would list names of the child, parents, and godparents.
+In 1568, Phillip II decreed that the Moors should abandon their names and adopt Spanish names. Thus, some Moorish names such as Ben-egas became Venegas. In France, placing de was a mark of nobility, but in Spain it was only a preposition of origin (of or from) used before a geographic name. From long usage, names such as Del Monte became Delmonte, and La Villa became Lavilla.
+At first, surnames applied only to one person and not to the whole family. After a few generations these names became hereditary and were used from father to son.
+Surnames were first used by the nobility and wealthy landowners. Later the custom was followed by merchants and townspeople and eventually by the rural population. This process took two or three centuries. In Spain the name system was well established by the 1100s. The naming customs of Spain became the basis for other Spanish-speaking countries.
+It is not possible to determine the exact year or even the century when a particular family name was taken. By the end of the 13th century many families determined to retain the patronymic with out continuing to change the name from generation to generation. Thus, the hereditary apellidos (surnames) were in use by the time of the discovery of the New World.
+In Mexico many surnames of Spanish origin were given to the native Indians and African children when the priests baptized them. Others were simply baptized Juan, José, María, and so on, and later descendants obtained a surname.
+Typical surnames from various parts of Spain include Castilian (Fernández, Morales), Basque (Ibáñez, Vásquez), Gallego (Brétema, Seoane), Portuguese (Coelho, Ferreira), and Catalán (Ventura, Gralla).
+The following suffixes of surnames show that they had a patronymic origin: az, ez, iz, oz, and uz. However, the scribes and priest often spelled the patronymic surnames with s instead of the z, and they changed the plural surname ending in s to z. Therefore the plural forms of surnames may be confused with the patronymic surname. Examples of plural names include Torres and Flores.
+Spanish priests would often assign Indian family names as surnames. Some Indian surnames have been translated, such as Dzul to Caballero (gentleman), and Dzib to Escribano (scribe).
 == Given Names  ==