Approver, Moderator, Protector, Reviewer, Bots, editor, pagecreator, pagedeleter, smwadministrator, Administrators
129,710
edits
Finnish Language Characteristics (view source)
Revision as of 09:31, 10 November 2017
, 10 November 2017Added Finland sidebar template
m (Added Finland sidebar template) |
|||
| (16 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Back to [[Finland Genealogy|Finland]]► | Back to [[Finland Genealogy|Finland]]► | ||
{{Finland-sidebar}} | |||
== Variant Forms of Words == | == Variant Forms of Words == | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
=== Plurals === | === Plurals === | ||
Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways: | Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways: | ||
#"T" is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, '' | #"T" is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, ''tal<u>o</u>'' (house) becomes ''talo<u>t</u>'' (houses). | ||
#"I" is added if the noun has another ending. For example, ''talossa'' (in the house) becomes '' | #"I" is added if the noun has another ending. For example, ''talossa'' (in the house) becomes ''talo<u>i</u>ssa'' (in the houses). | ||
=== Possessives === | === Possessives === | ||
In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words ''talo'' (house) and ''talossa'' (in the house): | In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words ''talo'' (house) and ''talossa'' (in the house): | ||
*his house - ''hänen | *his house - ''<u>hänen</u> talo<u>nsa</u>'' | ||
*in his house - ''hänen | *in his house - ''<u>hänen</u> talossa<u>nsa</u>'' | ||
See [[#Possessive Endings|Table 1]] for a more complete description of possessives. | See [[#Possessive Endings|Table 1]] for a more complete description of possessives. | ||
=== Prepositions and | === Prepositions and Postpositions === | ||
In English, words like ''in, on, with, before'', and ''after'' are prepositions. They come before the noun in sentence and show direction, location, or time, or introduce an object. For example, | In English, words like ''in, on, with, before'', and ''after'' are prepositions. They come before the noun in sentence and show direction, location, or time, or introduce an object. For example, | ||
*in the house | *in the house | ||
*on the desk | |||
*with the meal | |||
*to the car | *to the car | ||
*at the table | *at the table | ||
Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways: | Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways: | ||
# | #Before the noun. ''<u>Ennen</u> sotaa'' (before the war). | ||
# | #After the noun (in this case, it is called a postposition). ''Sodan <u>jälkeen</u>'' (after the war). | ||
# | #Added to the noun. Helsinki becomes ''Helsinki<u>in</u>'' (into Helsinki). | ||
[[#Prepositional Endings on Nouns|Table 2]] contains other examples. | [[#Prepositional Endings on Nouns|Table 2]] contains other examples. | ||
=== Word endings === | === Word endings === | ||
Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See | Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See [[#Possessive Endings|Table 1]] and [[#Other Word Endings|Table 3]] for other examples. | ||
== Spelling Changes == | |||
When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples: | When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" width="45%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Letters that Change !! Examples | ! Letters that Change !! Examples | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
== Tables == | == Tables == | ||
=== Possessive Endings === | === Possessive Endings === | ||
{| class="wikitable" width="70%" | |||
Possessive and Ending Meaning Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house) Translation minun, -ni my talo | ! Possessive and Ending !! Meaning !! Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house) !! Translation | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | minun, -ni || rowspan="2" | my ||talo » minun taloni || house » my house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » minun talossani || house » in my house | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" |sinun-, si || rowspan="2" | your (singular) || talo » sinun talosi || house » your house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » sinun talossasi || house » in your house | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | hänen, -nsa, -nsä or <br>double vowel + n || rowspan="3" | his, her || talo » hänen talonsa || house » his (her) house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » hänen talossansa || house » in his (her) house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » hänen talossaan || house » in his (her) house | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | meidän -mme || rowspan="2" | our || talo » meidän talomme || house » our house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » meidän talossamme || house » in our house | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | teidän, -nne || rowspan="2" | your (plural) || talo » teidän talonne || house » your house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » teidän talossanne || house » in your house | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | heidän, -nsa, -nsä or <br>double vowel + n || rowspan="3" | their || talo » heidän talonsa || house » their house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » heidän talossansa || house » in their house | |||
|- | |||
| talo » heidän talossaan || house » in their house | |||
|} | |||
=== Prepositional Endings on Nouns === | === Prepositional Endings on Nouns === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" width="70%" | ||
! Ending !! Basic Meaning !! Example !! Translation | ! Ending !! Basic Meaning !! Example !! Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -a, -ä, -ta, - | | -a, -ä, -ta, -tä || of, some || suku » sukua || family » of a family | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -in || by means of, with || oma käsi » omin käsin || one’s own hands » with one’s own hands | | -in || by means of, with || oma käsi » omin käsin || one’s own hands » with one’s own hands | ||
| Line 111: | Line 140: | ||
=== Other Word Endings === | === Other Word Endings === | ||
{| class="wikitable" width="70%" | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Ending !! Basic Meaning !! Example !! Translation | ! Ending !! Basic Meaning !! Example !! Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 145: | Line 173: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Family History Department. | Family History Department. ''Genealogical Word List: Finnish''. Salt Lake City: Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1997. | ||
[[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | [[Category:Finland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | ||